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Topic: Fred Hoyle

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Steady state theory

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	Fred Hoyle - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Hoyle theorized that other rarer elements could be explained by supernovas, the giant explosions which occasionally occur throughout the universe, whose temperatures and pressures would be required to create such elements.
		Hoyle and other steady-statesmen offered no explanation for the appearance of new matter, other than postulating the existence of some sort of "creation field", but argued that continuous creation was no more inexplicable than the appearance of the entire universe from nothing, although it had to be done on a regular basis.
		Hoyle appeared in a series of radio talks on astronomy for the BBC in the 1950s; these were collected in the book The Nature of the Universe, and he went on to write a number of other popular science books.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Fred_Hoyle (1563 words)

	Hoyle, Fred (1915-2001)
		Hoyle successfully predicted the existence of a resonance in carbon-12 that was essential to helium burning in stars.
		Hoyle provided a mathematical theory of the model consistent with the general theory of relativity and served as the leading spokesman for the new theory, coining the term “Big Bang” for the competing model during a radio lecture.
		Hoyle was an early supporter of the modern view that extrasolar planets and life are ubiquitous.
	www.daviddarling.info /encyclopedia/H/Hoyle.html (780 words)

	Remembering Sir Fred Hoyle (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Hoyle believed that, as a general rule, solutions to major unsolved problems had to be sought by exploring radical hypotheses, whilst at the same time not deviating from well-attested scientific tools and methods.
		Hoyle had no respect for the boundaries between scientific disciplines, which were artificial social constructs that often stood in the way of a proper comprehension of the cosmos.
		It was Hoyle's original prediction of the presence of an excited state of the nucleus of the atom Carbon via his studies of the structure and evolution of stars that heralded a long and profitable collaboration with the Caltech nuclear physicist Willy Fowler.
	www.setileague.org /admin/hoyle.htm (1625 words)

	Guardian Unlimited \| Obituaries \| Professor Sir Fred Hoyle
		Fred Hoyle, who has died aged 86, will be remembered as one of the most distinguished and controversial scientists of the 20th century.
		Hoyle dealt with the continuous creation of the primordial hydrogen that would be essential to maintain the steady state, and placed the concept within the framework of general relativity.
		Hoyle was born at Bingley in Yorkshire, the son of a wool merchant, and by the age of 10 could navigate by the stars.
	www.guardian.co.uk /obituaries/story/0,3604,540961,00.html (1758 words)

	Fred Hoyle
		Sir Fred Hoyle (June 24, 1915-August 20, 2001) was a British astronomer, notable for a number of his theories that run counter to current astronomical opinion.
		He did a series of radio talks on astronomy for the BBC in the 1950s; these were collected in the book "The Nature of the Universe", and he went on to write a number of other popular science books.
		Further occasions on which Hoyle aroused controversy included his questioning the authenticity of fossil archaeopteryx and his condemnation of the failure to include Jocelyn Burnell[?] in the the Nobel Prize award recognising the discovery of pulsars.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/fr/Fred_Hoyle.html (391 words)

	Cardiff Centre for Astrobiology; Fred Hoyle; researching panspermia and the origins of life
		Fred believed that, as a general rule, solutions to major unsolved problems had to be sought by exploring radical hypotheses, whilst at the same time not deviating from well-attested scientific tools and methods.
		Fred Hoyle had no respect for the boundaries between scientific disciplines which were artificial social constructs that often stood in the way of a proper comprehension of the cosmos.
		It was Fred Hoyle's original prediction of the presence of an excited state of the nucleus of the atom Carbon via his studies of the structure and evolution of stars that heralded a long and profitable collaboration with Caltech nuclear physicist Willy Fowler.
	www.astrobiology.cf.ac.uk /fredhoyle.html (1914 words)

	Scientist of the Month
		Fred Hoyle was born in 1915 in Yorkshire and studied mathematics and astronomy at Cambridge University.
		Hoyle's work on stars brought him recognition and when the war was over he returned to Cambridge as professor of astronomy and mathematics.
		Hoyle was convinced that life exists throughout the universe and that bacteria and viruses carried by comets brought life to Earth millions of years ago.
	www.longman.co.uk /tt_secsci/resources/scimon/hoyle/hoyle.htm (680 words)

	Physics Today November 2001
		From 1945, Hoyle was based in Cambridge, first as lecturer in mathematics, and subsequently, from 1958, as the Plumian Professor of Astronomy.
		Hoyle's regular collaborators Jayant Narlikar and Nalin Wickramasinghe were part of the institute's full-time staff.
		Hoyle's enduring insights into stars, nucleosynthesis, and the large-scale universe rank among the greatest achievements of 20th-century astrophysics.
	www.physicstoday.org /pt/vol-54/iss-11/p75b.html (1190 words)

	MSN Encarta - Multimedia - Sir Fred Hoyle
		English astronomer and mathematician Sir Fred Hoyle predicted the existence of quasars.
		Hoyle also coined the term big bang as a disparaging reference to the theory that the universe originated billions of years ago from a hot explosion of matter and energy.
		Hoyle proposed an alternate version of the steady-state theory explanation, which suggested that the density of the expanding universe remained constant as new matter was slowly created.
	encarta.msn.com /media_461542317/Sir_Fred_Hoyle.html (77 words)

	The Bruce Medalists: Fred Hoyle
		Fred Hoyle was born in Yorkshire in northern England and educated in mathematics and theoretical physics at the University of Cambridge, where he worked under Rudolph Peierls and Paul A.M. Dirac.
		Hoyle successfully predicted the existence of a resonance in carbon-12 that was essential to helium-burning in stars.
		Hoyle provided a mathematical theory of the model which was an extension of the general theory of relativity and featured continuous creation of matter.
	www.phys-astro.sonoma.edu /BruceMedalists/Hoyle/Hoyle.html (682 words)

	Reason: Volatile Stardust: The fertile mind of astronomer Fred Hoyle by Kenneth Silber (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Hoyle was born and raised in the Yorkshire countryside of northern England.
		Hoyle and Wickramasinghe suggested that the AIDS virus arrived from space in the mid-1970s and was originally passed to humans from rainwater via cuts on their feet.
		Hoyle depicted the presumed origin of life from nonliving matter on the primordial Earth as being as implausible as the assembly of a functional jetliner by a tornado whirling through a junkyard.
	www.reason.com /0603/cr.ks.volatile.shtml (2028 words)

	Professor Sir Fred Hoyle [obituary] [Free Republic]
		Hoyle himself denied writing anything objectionable, but conceded: "We may have included a few mild sarcasms." The most puzzling aspect of these disputes was that Hoyle made many genuine and significant contributions to physics and astronomy.
		Fred Hoyle was born on June 24 1915, at Bingley in the West Riding of Yorkshire.
		Hoyle was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1957 and knighted in 1972.
	www.freerepublic.com /forum/a3b830c515b83.htm (1999 words)

	Nat' Academies Press, Conflict in the Cosmos: Fred Hoyle's Life in Science (2005)
		Hoyle was hard at work for his London publisher on a book celebrating the achievements of Copernicus as one of the founders of modern science.2 His year started in turmoil and conflict about how the government’s funding for scientific research should be handled.
		Fred Hoyle was born on June 24, 1915, at the home of his parents, Ben and Mabel, in the countryside of west Yorkshire made famous by the Brontë sisters and elegantly described in the novel Wuthering Heights.
		Fred and his playmates had plenty of childhood distractions: the edge of the moor with its heather, a nearby stream that by turns could be a trickle or a raging torrent, a wood with numerous possibilities for bird nesting, deep snow in winter, the open fields, and the village high street.
	www.nap.edu /books/0309093139/html/1.html (8684 words)

	Fred Hoyle (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		What made Fred Hoyle such a fascinating figure in big-time cosmology was that he combined the accomplishments and understandings of the century’s elite — think Einstein, Bohr, Feynman — with proposals associated with cranks.
		Hoyle’s biggest mistake, so far as orthodox science is concerned, was his conception of the Steady State Universe, first proposed in 1948.
		Hoyle never ceased to tinker with his theory, eventually accounting for background radiation within its parameters, but it was too late; barely anyone takes it seriously today.
	www.goodbyemag.com /jul01/hoyle.html (1767 words)

	Fred Hoyle - EvoWiki (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Fred Hoyle (1915-2001), an eminent British astronomer and proponent of the steady-state model of a universe without a Big Bang.
		To ornithologists he is mainly known as the primary author of an absurd and speculative flight-of-fancy (no pun intended) on why the fossils of Archaeopteryx are forgeries, that appeared in 1986.
		Hoyle's allegations were most extensively refuted by the late Alan Charig and his colleagues at the British Museum of Natural History.
	wiki.cotch.net /index.php/Fred_Hoyle (159 words)

	SPACE.com -- British 'Steady-State' Astronomer Fred Hoyle Dies
		Fred Hoyle, the English astronomer credited with coining the phrase ``Big Bang'' to describe academic theory on the creation of the cosmos, died Wednesday.
		Instead of the ``Big Bang,'' Hoyle advocated the ``steady state'' theory that the cosmos had no beginning but that new galaxies were formed as others moved apart, and in collaboration with Chandra Wickramasinghe he has pioneered the modern theory of panspermia.
		In 1968 Hoyle was awarded the UN Kalinga Prize, he also received the Royal Medal of the Royal Society and the Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society.
	www.space.com /scienceastronomy/astronomy/hoyle_obit_010822.html (458 words)

	The Intelligent Universe. (Fred Hoyle).
		Fred Hoyle was an important scientist who worked at the frontiers of astronomy and theoretical physics.
		Hoyle replies that a layer of Carbon of 0.0001 cm thick is sufficient to shield organisms against ultraviolet light.
		Fred Hoyle died on 20 August 2001 at the age of 86.
	home.wxs.nl /~gkorthof/kortho47.htm (4628 words)

	Fred Hoyle -- Britannica Student Encyclopedia
		English mathematician, astronomer, and science fiction author Fred Hoyle helped put forth and defend a new cosmology, or theory about the universe, called the steady state theory.
		Hoyle was also known for his groundbreaking work with William Fowler on the origin of stars and the formulation of the elements.
		British geophysicist whose work, with student Fred Vine, led to the discovery that magnetic stripes on the sides of ridges on the ocean floor were the result of sea-floor spreading; the finding was critical to the theory of plate tectonics (b.
	www.britannica.com /ebi/article-9311746?tocId=9311746&query=west (653 words)

	Big bang critic dies (Fred Hoyle)
		Hoyle favored and popularized a view called panspermia, the notion that life originated somewhere else in the universe and was driven to earth by electromagnetic radiation pressure.
		Hoyle explained this in his typically lucid manner, and as with the ‘big bang,’ his turns of phrase have found their way into popular culture.
		Hoyle also compared the chance of obtaining even a single functioning protein by chance combination of amino acids to a solar system full of blind men solving the Rubik’s Cube simultaneously—see Rubik’s Cube and Blind Men.
	www.answersingenesis.org /tj/v15/i3/hoyle.asp (1430 words)

	ScienceQuest - Sir Fred Hoyle
		The irony is that Sir Fred Hoyle did not believe this was correct, and he used the term "big bang" to make light of the theory.
		In the year 2000, Sir Fred Hoyle and some of his colleagues published a book which supports the theory he first proposed in the 1940's; that the universe has an infinite age, and an infinite extent in space.
		Hoyle recognized this fact, but said that this radiation is caused by the constant burning of hydrogen in billions of stars.
	www.swscience.org /sq/sq_fred_hoyle.html (287 words)

	Fred Hoyle News
		Fred Hoyle was a down-to-earth, argumentative Yorkshireman who became the voice of British astronomy.
		These developments prompt Hoyle and the author to postulate the organic theory of cosmic dust (which is now generally accepted), and then to challenge one of the most cherished paradigms of contemporary science — the theory that life originated on Earth in a warm primordial soup.
		A Journey with Fred Hoyle is an intriguing book that traces the progress of a collaboration spanning 40 years, through a sequence of personal reflections, anecdotes and reminiscences.
	www.hoyle.org.uk /news.html (1055 words)

	Feature (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Fred accepted this invitation, even though he was committed to spend a large fraction of the succeeding two academic sessions at various universities in United States.
		Fred Hoyle was a great communicator and popularisor of science, as indeed an eloquent speaker.
		Fred Hoyle and I took this to be strong prima facie evidence for life being brought here by comets.
	www.dailynews.lk /2005/06/09/fea01.htm (2316 words)

	New Scientist The Scientific Legacy of Fred Hoyle ed: Douglas Gough - Books
		FRED HOYLE was, without doubt, the most influential British physicist of the post-war era.
		These and other topics are reviewed by a group of Hoyle's long-time colleagues, friends and admirers who gathered in Cambridge in 2002 to celebrate and review his scientific life.
		With a foreword by Astronomer Royal Martin Rees, The Scientific Legacy of Fred Hoyle covers the remarkable range of interests of the man who coined the name "big bang" - from cosmology to element synthesis, from interstellar matter to stellar evolution, from galaxy formation to the possible cosmic origin of life.
	www.newscientist.com /channel/fundamentals/mg18624942.400 (257 words)

	The Scientific Legacy of Fred Hoyle - Cambridge University Press
		Fred Hoyle was a remarkable scientist, and made an immense contribution to many important problems in astronomy.
		Sir Fred Hoyle and the theory of the synthesis of the elements D. Arnett; 3.
		Fred Hoyle: contributions to the theory of galaxy formation G. Efstathiou; 4.
	www.cambridge.org /uk/catalogue/catalogue.asp?isbn=0521824486 (406 words)

	Nat'l Academies Press: Conflict in the Cosmos: Fred Hoyle's Life in Science
		Drawing on his personal knowledge of Fred Hoyle, Mitton vividly recreates the many public clashes between Hoyle and his critics, and at the same time he clearly explains the science underlying the conflict.
		"Fred Hoyle was a towering figure in 20th century astronomy and cosmology, and one of the most successful scientific communicators of his time.
		After Hoyle s 1972 resignation, Mitton was appointed as the graduate administrator of the Institute of Astronomy at Cambridge.
	www.nap.edu /catalog/10743.html (786 words)

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