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	Fred Ikle - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Fred Charles Ikle is a Distinguished Scholar with the Center for Strategic and International Studies.
		Ikle served as a Commissioner on the National Commission on Terrorism, which produced the Report of the National Commission on Terrorism in June 2000 for President William Jefferson Clinton.
		Prior to joining CSIS in 1988, Fred Iklé was Undersecretary of Defense for Policy in the Ronald Reagan administration and Director for the U.S. Arms Control and Disarmament Agency (1973-1977).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Fred_Ikle (282 words)

	Ikle, Fred (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Instead, Ikle contends that the majority of the effort of military planners is directed toward how best to employ the instruments of war, rather than the political and military conditions that must be achieved in order to achieve successful war termination.
		Ikle argues, "that the aggregated estimates required to forecast the outcome of war are too large, abstract, and difficult to construct and agree upon for a government bureaucracy to successfully evaluate" (pp 22).
		Ikle uses the example of Tsarist Russia to illustrate how a government can be replaced by strong forces operating within the population when the people are dissatisfied with the course the war has taken.
	www.nwc.navy.mil /jmo/nopc/Book%20Reviews/Ikle%20-%20Beck.htm (1444 words)

	Fred Ikle (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Ikle era uno dei signers del progetto per la nuova dichiarazione americana dei documenti di secolo dei principii (3 giugno 1997).
		Ikle ha servito da commissario sulla Commissione nazionale su terrorismo, che ha prodotto il rapporto della Commissione nazionale su terrorismo nel mese di giugno del 2000 per il presidente William Jefferson Clinton.
		Ikle ha servito come presidente della cartolina del Telos Corporation e da direttore delle società di assicurazioni Zurigo-Americane e CMC dei servizi di energia.
	www.yotor.com /wiki/it/fr/Fred%20Ikle.htm (388 words)

	Powell's Books - Every War Must End: Second Revised Edition with a New Preface by Fred Charles Ikle
		Ikle considers a variety of examples from twentieth-century history and examines specific strategies that effectively won the peace, including the Allied policy in Germany and Japan after World War II.
		In the new preface to his classic work, Ikle explains how U.S. political decisions and military strategy and tactics in Iraq-the emphasis on punishing Iraqi leaders, not seeking a formal surrender, and the failure to maintain law and order-have delayed, and indeed jeopardized, a successful end to hostilities.
		Fred Charles Ikle argues that historians, students of military strategy, and experts on foreign affairs have tended to neglect this question.
	www.powells.com /cgi-bin/partner?partner_id=719&cgi=product&isbn=0231136676 (407 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		In asking the key question that he made the title of his article, Ikle was right to focus us also upon the task of providing a “what” sufficient both to remedy detected noncompliance and to deter other would-be violators from taking that path.
		Fred Ikle asked exactly the right question 43 years ago, but as hard as the answers were then, those of us who worry about verification and compliance face an even more complicated world today.
		In discussing Ikle’s challenge, we should thus understand that “detection” means the identification of a nuclear weapons effort, and that this can occur well before a country has implemented its weapons development plans to the point of actual weaponization.
	www.ceip.org /files/projects/npp/resources/2004conference/speeches/ford.doc (2784 words)

	The Financial Express: Analysis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		If a fresh edition of Fred Charles Ikle’s seminal treatise on international negotiations is to be published, it may have to refer to the Agra-style of negotiation and its defence not only by Pakistan foreign minister Abdul Sattar but by Indian journalists also.
		Fred Ikle was professor of political science at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and published his study, “How Nations Negotiate,” under the auspices of the Centre for International Affairs, Harvard University.
		Fred Ikle’s study calls it ‘carry-over for future negotiations’ and says: “The amount of agreement reached and the residual disagreement left do not encompass the entire outcome of negotiations.
	www.financialexpress.com /fe20010801/an1.html (850 words)

	Fred C. Ikle - SourceWatch
		Fred Charles Ikle (http://www.csis.org/html/4ikle.htm) is a Distinguished Scholar with the Center for Strategic and International Studies.
		Ikle was one of the signatories of the Project for the New American Century documents Statement of Principles (June 3, 1997).
		Marshall is known as the inventor of the utopian 'revolution in military affairs' approach of subordinating all military considerations to U.S. digital 'supremacy' in the otherwise now fast disappearing, 'third wave' NASDAQ new economy.
	www.sourcewatch.org /wiki.phtml?title=Fred_C._Ikle (476 words)

	House of Commons Hansard Debates for 22 Nov 1988
		Dr. Ikle, a prestigious spokesman on behalf of the Alliance, said in an inaugural statement to the seminar at the NATO defence college in Rome that technology transfer is from West to East.
		Dr. Fred Ikle went on to say that there was no question but that we could continue to resist the threat.
		Friend the Prime Minister's speeches, the speech made by Fred Ikle or the speeches or actions of the President of the United States of America, but on the Soviet people.
	www.parliament.the-stationery-office.co.uk /pa/cm198889/cmhansrd/1988-11-22/Debate-7.html (5727 words)

	"THREAT CONTROL THROUGH ARMS CONTROL"
		FRED IKLE: The reasons for establishing ACDA that were valid in the early sixties are now overtaken.
		NARRATOR: Fred Ikle was the director of ACDA in the mid-seventies and argues that Soviet Foreign Minister Andrei Gromyko and his team used to out-negotiate the US until ACDA was created.
		IKLE: Here, I clearly disagree with the arms control agency position today and the administration position, that this treaty is the cornerstone of arms control, as it has been called by administration officials.
	www.cdi.org /adm/Transcripts/924 (3808 words)

	Fred C. Ikle - Directory of Experts - Center For Strategic & International Studies
		Dr. Fred C. Iklé is currently engaged in studies on the impact of technology on the political order of the world and the prospects for democracy.
		Prior to joining CSIS in 1988, Dr. Iklé was undersecretary of defense for policy during the first and second Reagan administrations.
		Iklé is the author of The Social Impact of Bomb Destruction (University of Oklahoma Press, 1958); How Nations Negotiate (Harper and Row, 1964; reissued by Praeger, and again by Kraus Reprint, 1976); and Every War Must End (Columbia University Press, 1970; reissued with new preface in 1991; second reissue with new preface in 2005).
	www.csis.org /experts/4ikle.htm (436 words)

	MER - Bush Tempers Argument for Pre-emptive Strikes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Iraq "will leave a long and damaging legacy," said Fred Ikle, a senior government arms control expert for decades who has argued that the United States must be more willing to use military might to achieve its goals.
		Ikle was one of the founders of the Project for the New American Century, a neoconservative group that has long pressed for a more muscular American military posture, and includes Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld and Deputy Defense Secretary Paul Wolfowitz - key architects of the Iraq war - among its members.
		Ikle's views are echoed by other prominent neoconservative thinkers.
	www.middleeast.org /launch/redirect.cgi?a=35&num=83 (1269 words)

	AEI - Events (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		And after that you have been consulting and advising, and you are a member of various important panels and boards, and you are a consultant to the Department of Energy, and also you have been explaining these complex things to the public in extremely valuable op-ed pieces and articles.
		IKLE: So it is conceivable that given the problem we had with the spent fuel, or we think we have, underground storage and so on, and the opposition, that Congress in the future might be willing to mobilize some subsidies to reach out to the cold fuel cycle solution for the spent fuel.
		IKLE: Keep in mind these things cannot be measured and therefore are not permissible for the Nuclear Regulatory Commission agenda.
	www.aei.org /events/eventID.298/transcript.asp (7659 words)

	Events
		WASHINGTON, D.C. - On Thursday, January 18, 2001 the National Endowment for Democracy (NED) presented its Democracy Service Medal to John Brademas, Fred Iklé, Richard Lugar and Stephen Solarz in recognition of their nine years of service on the NED Board of Directors, and for their outstanding contributions to the cause of democracy.
		Arizona Senator and NED Board Member Jon Kyl made the medal presentation to Fred Iklé, who was Undersecretary of Defense for Policy in the Reagan Administration and headed the U.S. Agency for Arms Control and Disarmament the Nixon and Ford Administrations.
		Fred Charles Iklé joined the Center for Strategic & International Studies as a Distinguished Scholar in 1988.
	www.ned.org /events/articles/jan1601.html (838 words)

	Every War Must End - Fred Charles Ikle, Fred Charles Ikli
		Every War Must End, which Colin Powell credits in his autobiography as shaping his thinking on how to end the first Gulf War, analyzes the many critical obstacles to ending a war-an aspect of military strategy that is frequently and tragically overlooked.
		Ikle considers examples from twentieth-century history, particularly strategies that effectively won the peace, including the Allied policy in Germany and Japan after World War II.
		In the new preface to his classic work, Ikle explains how U.S. military strategy and tactics have delayed, and indeed jeopardized, a successful end to hostilities.
	www.libreriauniversitaria.it /BUS/0231136676/Every_War_Must_End:_Second_Revised_Edition_with_a_New_Preface.htm (232 words)

	Flight of the Lavi
		Actually, it was Fred Ikle who received the briefing in his office; he asked me to sit in.
		Ikle was pressing me for some material to take with him on his trip to Israel, which was scheduled for late April.
		Fred Ikle was sent a copy of a full-page advertisement for the Lavi that IAI had placed in Fuerza Aerea, the Chilean air force's official publication.
	users.cyberone.com.au /myers/lavi.html (15452 words)

	Foreign Affairs - Japan's Grand Strategy - Fred Charles Ikle and Terumasa Nakanishi
		Summary: Analyzes (1) how Japan's security interests ought now to be defined outwards, in consequence of the changes in the USSR (2) the need for a 'global security dimension' in which Japan's long-range economic power can be expressed (3) how Japan can contribute to global nuclear security by supporting a strategic defensive order.
		Fred Charles Iklé is affiliated with the Center for Strategic and International Studies and was Undersecretary of Defense for Policy in the Reagan administration.
		Terumasa Nakanishi is Professor of International Relations at the University of Shizuoka and research associate at the Research Institute for Peace and Security, Tokyo.
	www.foreignaffairs.org /19900601faessay6026/fred-charles-ikle-terumasa-nakanishi/japan-s-grand-strategy.html?mode=print (631 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The first reading, by the distinguished scholar Fred Iklé, addresses the difficulties in choosing when and how to terminate the fighting.
		Assess Iklé’s argument that “by prolonging a war to obtain a settlement that seems more secure than the prewar situation, nations can be grievously mistaken for several reasons.” 3.
		Iklé, Fred Charles, Every War Must End, Revised Edition, 1991, pp.
	www.au.af.mil /au/awc/departments/dfs-sda/6406.doc (809 words)

	www.GovExec.com - Plan to improve nuclear-detection technology mired in red tape (6/10/05)
		Back in 1987, as President Reagan's undersecretary of Defense for policy, Fred Ikle worked on what he felt was a groundbreaking Defense Science Board report that highlighted the need to improve nuclear-detection technology.
		Ikle knew that the Center for the Study of the Presidency, a small Washington think tank, had been organizing roundtables aimed at offering practical advice to the Department of Homeland Security.
		Ikle is concerned that the R&D program, if it gets funded at all, might parcel out small amounts of money to universities in various congressional districts, and not amount to much in the end.
	www.govexec.com /dailyfed/0605/061005nj1.htm (815 words)

	Hit and Run (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Comment by: OPUS at August 3, 2005 07:58 AM While Ikle is not unconditionally urging the nuking of Mecca, his statement is clearly meant to convey that under a particular set of circumstances he would do so.
		Comment by: Jymmie at August 3, 2005 10:03 AM While Ikle is not unconditionally urging the nuking of Mecca, his statement is clearly meant to convey that under a particular set of circumstances he would do so.
		Ikle: "Those who out of cowardice use their wealth to pay Danegeld to the preachers of hate and destruction must be taught that this aggression will boomerang.
	www.reason.com /hitandrun/2005/08/juan_gets_an_f.shtml (9247 words)

	PMag v01n3p26 -- President Reagan's 'Star Wars' Plan Is No Mere Bargaining Chip In Arms Talks
		Asked about the possibility of 'Star Wars' technology being shared with the Soviet Union, Ikle said that this would be "unlikely." According to Ikle the Strategic Defense Initiative "is not an optional program" but is "central" to US military planning.
		Ikle's testimony demonstrates that the presentation of 'Star Wars' is quite different from the reality.
		It is difficult to say whether the discrepancy represents an attempt at social influence intended to promote a potentially unpopular policy or whether it reflects what George Kennan calls 'nuclear delusion' at the very top rung of the political ladder.
	www.peacemagazine.org /archive/v01n3p26.htm (1200 words)

	Statement of the Honorable Fred Ikle
		Let me start with the military issue, since NATO -- during its first successful forty years -- has been truly a defensive military alliance.
		Fred C. Ikle was Undersecretary of Defense for Policy in the Reagan Administration and is now affiliated with the Center for Strategic and International Studies, Washington, D.C. Military Protection -- From Which Threat?
		Both those in favor and those opposed to expanding NATO should certainly be able to agree on at least one thing: that for the Eurasian continent, the United States must consider more than one type of military contingency.
	www.fas.org /man/nato/congress/1997/h970717i.htm (1915 words)

	Fred Ikle (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Ikle was one of the signers of the Project for the New American Century documents Statement of Principles (June 3, 1997).
		In 1975 and 1987, Iklé received the highest civilian award of the Department of Defense, the Distinguished Public Service Medal; in 1988, he was awarded the Bronze Palm.
		Ikle has been the senior proponent of 'homeland defense'."
	www.yotor.com /wiki/en/fr/Fred%20Ikle.htm (399 words)

	Right Web \| Individual Profile \| Fred C. Iklé
		Iklé, a member of the Defense Policy Board and former Reagan administration official, is a longtime supporter of hardline U.S. policies, dating back to the early 1970s, when he served in the Nixon administration and joined the Committee on the Present Danger.
		Regarding his appointment in the Reagan administration, the scholar Philip Burch wrote, "With the rise to power of rightwing interests following Reagan's election, Iklé was appointed Under Secretary of Defense for Policy largely because of the conservative ties he had established.
		According to the Center for Strategic and International Security, "In 1975 and 1987, Iklé received the highest civilian award of the Department of Defense, the Distinguished Public Service Medal; in 1988, he was awarded the Bronze Palm.
	rightweb.irc-online.org /ind/ikle/ikle.php (559 words)

	Foreign Affairs - The Second Coming of the Nuclear Age - Fred Charles Iklé
		The arsenals and mindsets of the past half-century present a formidable barrier to change, but the United States must lead the way in preventing nuclear weapons from becoming acceptable.
		Fred Charles Iklé was Under Secretary of Defense for Policy in the Reagan administration and Director of the U.S. Arms Control and Disarmament Agency under President Ford.
		He is affiliated with the Center for Strategic and International Studies.
	www.foreignaffairs.org /19960101faessay4176/fred-charles-ikle/the-second-coming-of-the-nuclear-age.html (582 words)

	Juan Gets An "F" - Campus Watch (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		One can debate the exchange endlessly, but there was one passage that caught the attention of a friend of mine, and that suggests how Cole can distil dishonesty.
		He writes of Fred Ikle, the former undersecretary of defense for policy in the Reagan administration:
		Fred Ikle, who had been part of the Reaganist/Chinese Communist effort to convince Muslim fundamentalist generals in Pakistan--against their better judgment--to allow the US to give the radical Muslim extremists even more sophisticated weapons, wrote an op-ed for the Wall Street Journal urging the nuking of Mecca.
	www.campus-watch.org /article/id/2121 (535 words)

	English for the Children
		Fred Ikle's fevered joy in the alleged anti-immigration message sent by Proposition 187's victory in California is adequately refuted by the letter which immediately follows, from Alan Nelson, a principal author of 187 and a leading advocate.
		Pace, Ikle, Proposition 187 won because it was a referendum on illegal immigration, which almost no one defends, and especially on providing social welfare benefits to illegal immigrants.
		Otherwise, I accept Ikle's charge that I am an economic libertarian, in that I support free markets and free trade, and oppose government control over our economy and the disastrous giveaway programs of the liberal Welfare State.
	www.onenation.org /unzprletters.html (6852 words)

	SENATE FOREIGN RELATIONS COMMITTEE Hearing 9-4-01
		Biden to Ikle: "If you were heading up the intelligence community, what would you be looking at and for? Where would you be focusing, if your focus was biological threats?".... Ikle's answer
		Fred Ikle, a distinguished scholar at the Center for Strategic and International Studies, is a former undersecretary of defense for policy under President Reagan and has also served as director of the Arms Control and Disarmament Agency.
		Ikle can and will discuss with the committee the challenges of homeland defense as it relates to protecting against the threat of biological terrorism.
	www.geocities.com /nitanupress/wtc/biohaz/biden.html (17642 words)

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