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| | NPS Historical Handbook: Beehives of Invention |
 | | Though improved by Edison in 1888 and thereafter, the phonograph essentially remained the simple machine delineated in the original patent drawings. |
 | | Gathered around the 1888 model after a 72-hour stint of modifications (bottom), are, seated from left, Fred Ott, Edison, Col. George E. Gouraud; standing, from left, W. Dickson, Charles Batchelor, A. Theodore E. Wangemann, John Ott, and Charles Brown. |
 | | The original phonograph, as invented by Edison, remained in its crude and immature state for almost ten yearsstill the object of philosophical interest, and as a convenient text book illustration of the effect of sound vibration. |
| www.cr.nps.gov /history/online_books/hh/edis/edisc6.htm (480 words) |
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