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	Sanger, Fred Biography \| gen_04_package.xml
		After this success, in 1961 Sanger moved to the MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, where he became head of the division of protein chemistry.
		In 1977 Sanger developed a sequencing method, called the "dideoxy" method, with which he determined the entire sequence of a bacterial virus called phi-X174.
		Sanger's original sequence contained only 5,375 nucleotides, but his technology is now being used to determine sequences that are millions of nucleotides longer, including, importantly, the human genome.
	www.bookrags.com /biography/sanger-fred-gen-04 (293 words)

	Fred Sanger - 1958
		Fred Sanger was born in Rendcombe in Gloucestershire in 1918, and was educated at Bryanston School, and at St John’s College, Cambridge.
		Sanger developed a new chromatographic method for determining end-groups and his results on the free amino groups of insulin were published in 1945.
		Fred Sanger, 1980 Aaron Klug, 1982 César Milstein, 1984
	www2.mrc-lmb.cam.ac.uk /archive/Sanger58.html (250 words)

	Frederick Sanger - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Frederick Sanger, OM, CH, CBE, FRS (born 13 August 1918) is an English biochemist and a two time Nobel laureate in Chemistry.
		Sanger determined the complete amino acid sequence of insulin in 1955.
		Sanger concluded that the protein insulin had a precise amino acid sequence.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Fred_Sanger (606 words)

	1994 Beckman-ABRF Award (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Sanger's contributions to these methodologies have had a major impact on their routine use today in the biological sciences.
		Sanger was the first to determine the amino acid sequence of a protein.
		In the 1970's Dr. Sanger developed a method for sequencing DNA and in 1977 the method was perfected and Sanger dideoxy sequencing is now the standard procedure not only for molecular biologists but also for protein chemists employing site directed mutagenesis to modify proteins.
	www.abrf.org /ABRFNews/1994/September1994/sep94beckman.html (424 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Fred Sanger (middle) at age 11 with his older brother and younger sister.
		Fred Sanger at a 1949 Cold Spring Harbor Symposium meeting.
		Fred Sanger at his second Nobel Prize ceremony, 1980.
	www.dnaftb.org /dnaftb/concept_23/con23gallery.html (32 words)

	A gene is a discrete sequence of DNA nucleotides. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		As Sanger grew up, he became very interested in nature and science and when he went to Cambridge University, he made the decision not to study medicine.
		Sanger won his first Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1958 for his work on the structure of protein.
		Sanger won a second Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1980 sharing it with Walter Gilbert, for their contributions concerning the determination of base sequences in nucleic acids, and Paul Berg for his work on recombinant DNA.
	www.bioservers.org /dnaftb/text/23/index.html (1681 words)

	Information: Introduction to the Sanger Institute
		Fred Sanger and his colleagues developed many of the techniques still used in genomic biology to this day.
		The award was a spur to his own work and moved in 1962 to the new UK Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, the premier institution in the world for this new science.
		Fred finds it remarkable that the method he developed nearly 25 years ago is still in use today and is the method used to attack genomes as much as 3,000,000,000 base-pairs long - 500 bases at a time!
	www.sanger.ac.uk /Info/Intro/sanger.shtml (569 words)

	Frederick Sanger: ZoomInfo Business People Information (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Fred Sanger Fred Sanger and his colleagues developed many of the techniques still used in genomic biology to this day.
		Fred was took his first degree at Cambridge University where, although originally he thought to study medicine, he specialized in biochemistry - at the time many of the world's leading biochemists were at the University.
		Fred Sanger at the Sanger Institute Over the next 15 years, Fred and his team - amongst whom he especially mentions Bart Barrell, Alan Coulson and George Brownlee - developed several and ever-improving methods to sequence nucleic acids (DNA and RNA).
	www.zoominfo.com /directory/Sanger_Frederick_8083771.htm (1621 words)

	The BioInformer nr. 4, 1998 --- Wellcome Trust Genome Campus Inaugural Symposium
		The session on Genomes and Genetics was chaired by Fred Sanger and gave an overview of the various sequencing and genome efforts.
		In case of C. elegans, as Robert Waterston (Washington University) presented, the collaboration between the Genome Sequencing Center at the Washington School of Medicine and the Sanger Centre yielded already finished sequences for 80% of the genome with the other 20 Mb expected to be completed at the end of '98.
		Sanger Centre's Bart Barrell gave a whirlwind tour on the sequencing efforts in the field of genomes of bacteria and other microorganisms.
	www.riethoven.org /BioInformer/newsletter/archives/4/inaugural.html (1341 words)

	Fred Sanger: Fridge magnate
		In a remarkable feat of memory, Fred Sanger tracked down the original DNA sample he used in the late 1970s to sequence the human mitochondrial genome.
		Professors Robert Lightowlers and Doug Turnbull of the University of Newcastle's Mitochondrial Research Group owe a special debt to Fred Sanger.
		Fred Sanger's group sequenced the first human genome – the mitochondrial genome – in the late 1970s.
	genome.wellcome.ac.uk /doc_WTD020737.html (507 words)

	Intro Fred to Outside Sales (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Some of you may already know Fred, but for those of you who do not, here is a bit of his background.
		Fred has over (30) thirty years experience in the valve and actuator field.
		Fred will be responsible for sales to distributors, representatives, valve manufacturers, O.E.M.'s and engineering firms.
	www.bernardcontrols.com /fred_s.htm (120 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Sanger purchased and moved to a farm of 187 acres.
		Sanger is a member of Lowell Lodge, No. 245, I.0.0.F., and is an enterprising farmer and citizen.
		James Henry Sanger, Sr., and Martha B. Cleveland Sanger, both natives of Ontario County, New York, having sold their New York property, came to Cedar Creek township in the spring of 1837, where he purchased 80 acres of land on which he constructed a cabin with a clap board roof and a puncheon floor.
	www.lowellpl.lib.in.us /sanger.htm (461 words)

	Frederick Sanger - Autobiography
		I was born on 13th August 1918 in the village of Rendcombe in Gloucestershire, where my father, also Frederick Sanger, was a medical practitioner.
		Influenced by him, and probably even more so by my brother Theodore (a year older than me), I soon became interested in biology and developed a respect for the importance of science and the scientific method.
		Frederick Sanger received his first Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1958.
	nobelprize.org /nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1980/sanger-autobio.html (942 words)

	Genome reaches two billion letters -DAWN - International; November 4, 2003
		Researchers are racing to complete the DNA sequences of chimpanzees, bananas, farm animals and commercially valuable microbes, and universities and pharmaceutical companies are collecting the millions of genetic variations which make some people more prone to particular diseases or less able to metabolise certain drugs.
		What has taken the Sanger Institute team to the top of the league tables is an emphasis on accuracy.
		The Sanger Institute is confident of an accuracy of one in 100,000.
	www.dawn.com /2003/11/04/int3.htm (567 words)

	Frederick Sanger - Autobiography
		I was born on 13th August 1918 in the village of Rendcombe in Gloucestershire, where my father, also Frederick Sanger, was a medical practitioner.
		Influenced by him, and probably even more so by my brother Theodore (a year older than me), I soon became interested in biology and developed a respect for the importance of science and the scientific method.
		Frederick Sanger received his first Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1958.
	www.nobel.se /chemistry/laureates/1980/sanger-autobio.html (942 words)

	[9F] DNA Sequencing (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		The Sanger method being used today was pioneered by Fred Sanger in the 1970s.
		The Sanger method may sequence a DNA fragment containing up to 500 nucleotides.
		For large scale sequencing (such as the entire human genome), a strategy known as the shotgun sequencing is commonly used.
	www.web-books.com /MoBio/Free/Ch9F.htm (193 words)

	Sanger Institute
		The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute is one of the world's leading centres of genome sequencing and analysis.
		It sequenced almost one-third of the human genome (the largest single contribution) and was instrumental in ensuring that sequence data were made freely available for the benefit of all.
		The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute is named in honour of Fred Sanger, a double Nobel Laureate who devised the method for DNA sequencing used in the Human Genome Project.
	www.wellcome.ac.uk /node4211.html (228 words)

	The Scientist : Beyond Sanger: Toward the $1,000 Genome (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		But with the capacity to read only a few hundred bases per reaction, it is far too slow and expensive for routine use in clinical settings.
		DNA polymerization proceeds 5' to 3'; new nucleotides are incorporated by joining the alpha phosphate group of the new base with the 3'-hydroxyl moiety of the chain.
		But Sanger's method employs specially modified bases --2',3'-dideoxynucleoside-5'-triphosphates--that replace the 3'-hydroxyl with a nonreactive hydrogen, thereby terminating chain extension.
	www.the-scientist.com /2003/06/30/36/1 (2408 words)

	Fred Sanger - 1980
		Before coming to the new LMB building, Fred Sanger had not had much interest in nucleic acids, “however, with people like Francis Crick around it was difficult to ignore nucleic acids or to fail to realize the importance of sequencing them”.
		Fred Sanger was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1954, awarded a CBE in 1963, became a Companion of Honour in 1981, and was appointed to the Order of Merit in 1986.
		Fred Sanger, 1958 Max Perutz, 1962 John Kehnndrew, 1962 Francis Crick, 1962
	www2.mrc-lmb.cam.ac.uk /archive/Sanger80.html (385 words)

	Sanger: S at Canadian Content (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Fred Sanger - Building blocks of insulin The molecular structure of insulin was not uncovered until the
		Sanger - Building blocks of insulin The molecular structure of insulin was not uncovered until the 1950s.
		Toby Sanger is Senior Economist with the Canadian Union of Public Employees.
	www.canadiancontent.net /dir/Top/Regional/North_America/United_States/California/Localities/S/Sanger (818 words)

	100 Concepts of Biology
		Having developed the technology to isolate DNA fragments, the next challenge was to develop a simple method to determine their nucleotide sequence.
		The technology developed in Fred Sanger's laboratory at Cambridge University in the U.K. accomplishes that task.
		As in PCR, copies of a DNA fragment are made starting with a specific DNA primer.
	mywebpages.comcast.net /biologycentury/pages/genesplicing4.html (374 words)

	Capital News 9 \| 24 Hour Local News \| TOP STORIES
		The place is PJ's Bar-B-Q. Sanger, a Rochester native, is first in line each April for opening day.
		Sanger said, "I drive the three and a half hours to experience picnic tables and awnings that are throwbacks to the 50's and 60's.
		Sanger added, "The barbecue ribs are the best I've ever had."
	www.capitalnews9.com /content/top_stories/default.asp?ArID=175891 (292 words)

	The Vega Science Trust - Interview with Fred Sanger - Freeview Video
		Interviewed in 2001 by Harry Kroto, Edward Goldwyn and John Sulston with John Walker.
		Fred Sanger is often considered the father of modern molecular biology, and is one of the few people to have been awarded two Nobel prizes.
		It was for this work that Fred was jointly awarded his second Nobel prize.
	www.vega.org.uk /series/facetoface/sanger/index.php (305 words)

	Sanger, Frederick - MSN Encarta
		Sanger, Frederick (1918- ), British biochemist and Nobel laureate.
		Sanger was born in Rendcombe, Gloucestershire, and educated at the University of...
		Become a subscriber today and gain access to:
	uk.encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761574882/Sanger_Frederick.html (38 words)

	Frederick Sanger Winner of the 1980 Nobel Prize in Chemistry
		Frederick Sanger Winner of the 1980 Nobel Prize in Chemistry
		Frederick Sanger — Autobiography (submitted by Chinnappan Baskar)
		Frederick Sanger — Nobel Lecture (1958) (submitted by Chinnappan Baskar)
	www.almaz.com /nobel/chemistry/1980c.html (110 words)

	The History Buff, Original Historical Autographs & Manuscripts
		Reads in part: "I don't think there is any absolute obligation to attend the Nobel celebrations" and that in 1958 when he was in Stockholm the "only winner who was not there was Boris Pasternak who was forbidden by the Russian authorities to come.
		Sanger won Nobel in 1958 for studies on insulin and in 1980 for research on nucleic acids.
		A very fine letter, with good relational content, shows normal aging and handling, cross-folds, accompanied with original envelope of transmission.
	www.ehistorybuff.com /sangerals.html (136 words)

	Our Genes / Our Choices . Could We \| PBS
		The other major players at the molecular level are proteins—structures that are made of amino acids and that govern cell function.
		In the 1950s, chemist Fred Sanger figured out how to determine the order of amino acids in a given protein.
		That proteins consist of linear arrays of twenty amino acids and genes consist of linear arrays of four nucleic acids, or bases (DNA), could mean only one thing.
	www.pbs.org /fredfriendly/ourgenes/could_we.html (1916 words)

	Yale Medicine Autumn 2003: Capsule (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Among the luminaries at the Medical Research Council’s Laboratory of Molecular Biology (LMB) were Fred Sanger, Sydney Brenner and Max Perutz, shown here at a party at the laboratory’s canteen in 1980 celebrating Sanger’s second Nobel Prize.
		The invigorating atmosphere, said Thomas Steitz, extended to the canteen, where seating was limited and postdocs shared tables with Crick or Max F. Perutz, Ph.D., a 1962 Nobel laureate, Frederick Sanger, Ph.D., who won two Nobel Prizes, or Sydney Brenner, Ph.D., a 2002 Nobel laureate.
		The scientists, fellows and postdocs there, he said, were encouraged to continue that tradition of discovery and tackle the most challenging problems.
	info.med.yale.edu /external/pubs/ym_au03/capsule.html (803 words)

	Amazon.com: "Fred Sanger": Key Phrase page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		project pursued in the Cavendish in the last years of the war) or a few conscientious objectors (as for instance Fred Sanger, who graduated in 1943 and went on to work on the chemical structure of insulin in the Biochemistry Department at...
		Wolszczan's visit to Princeton reminded me of an equally dramatic occasion fifteen years earlier, when the visitor was Fred Sanger.
		later Nobel Prize winners: the biochemist Alexander Todd, who deciphered the linkages of the sugar-phosphate backbone of DNA; the chemist Fred Sanger, who unraveled the sequence of amino-acid building blocks in insulin and later invented a method of sequencing DNA;...
	www.amazon.com /phrase/Fred-Sanger (613 words)

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