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Topic: Frederick II of Austria

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	Encyclopedia: Frederick II of Austria (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		Frederick II (December 26, 1194 â€“ December 13, 1250), Holy Roman Emperor of the Hohenstaufen dynasty, was pretender to the title of King of the Romans from 1212, unopposed holder of that monarchy from 1215, and Holy Roman Emperor from 1220 until his death in 1250.
		Frederick II (December 26, 1194 - (December 13, 1250), Holy Roman Emperor of the Hohenstaufen dynasty, was pretender to the title of King of the Romans from 1212, unopposed holder of that monarchy from 1215, and Holy Roman Emperor from 1220 until his death in 1250.
		Frederick's son Henry, sometimes styled Henry VII, especially during his period of rebellion in alliance with the Lombard League — not to be confused with Henry VII of the House of Luxembourg, Holy Roman Emperor 1275-1313 — was born 1211 in Sicily, son of Frederick's first wife Constance of Aragon.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Frederick-II-of-Austria (1593 words)

	Wikinfo \| Frederick (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		Frederick I of Austria (Babenberg), Duke of Austria from 1195-1198
		Frederick I of Austria (Habsburg), the Handsome, (1286-1330), Duke of Austria and King of the Romans as Frederick (III).
		Frederick II of Denmark and Norway, (1534-1588), Norwegian monarch
	www.wikinfo.org /wiki.php?title=Frederick (298 words)

	Frederick II, king of Prussia. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		In that dark period, it is said, Frederick was on the verge of suicide.
		Frederick is widely recognized as the 18th century’s greatest general and military strategist.
		Frederick’s personal appearance in his later years—small, sharp-featured, untidy, and snuff-stained—has become part of the legend of “Old Fritz.” He was succeeded by his nephew, Frederick William II.
	www.bartleby.com /65/fr/Fred2Pru.html (805 words)

	Frederick II of Prussia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Frederick II of Prussia (January 24, 1712 – August 17, 1786) was a king of Prussia from the Hohenzollern dynasty, reigning from 1740 to 1786.
		At the time of Frederick's birth, the Houses of Brandenburg and Hanover were enjoying great prosperity; the birth of Frederick was welcomed by his grandfather with more than usual pleasure, as two of his grandsons had already died at an early age.
		Frederick was forced to watch the execution by decapitation of his friend Katte on November 6, 1730, and was strictly supervised in the following years.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Frederick_II_of_Prussia (1849 words)

	Frederick II of Austria - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Frederick II, known as the Quarrelsome (German: Friedrich der Streitbare) (1219 – June 15, 1246), from the dynasty of Babenberg, was the duke of Austria and Styria from 1230 to 1246.
		Frederick was known as the Quarrelsome because of his frequent wars against his neighbors, primarily with Hungary, Bavaria and Bohemia.
		Duke Frederick finally died in a battle against the Hungarian king Béla IV by the Leitha river.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Frederick_II_of_Austria (430 words)

	MSN Encarta - Frederick II (of Prussia)
		Frederick was born in Berlin on January 24, 1712, son of King Frederick William I and grandson of Frederick I. As crown prince he was trained, under his father's supervision, to become a soldier and a thrifty administrator.
		Frederick acquired East Friesland (now a region of Germany) in 1744, on the death of the last ruler without heirs of that principality, and in 1745 he fought and won a second war with Austria, terminated by the Peace of Dresden, which assured Prussia the possession of Silesia.
		Frederick made an alliance with Catherine II of Russia, in 1764, and by the first partition of Poland in 1772 he received Polish Prussia, exclusive of Gdańsk (Danzig) and Toruń (Thorn), thus uniting the regions of Brandenburg and Pomerania.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761567792/Frederick_II_(of_Prussia).html (997 words)

	Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor : Emperor Frederick II (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		Frederick wrote a manual on the art of falconry, De arte venandi cum avibus ("On the art of hunting with birds"), of which many illustrated copies survive from the 13th and 14th centuries.
		Frederick's Crusade ended in a truce and coronation of Frederick as King of Jerusalem on March 18, 1229.
		Frederick was banned by Pope Gregory IX in 1227 for failing to honor his promise to launch a crusade.
	www.explainthis.info /em/emperor-frederick-ii.html (549 words)

	Frederick II - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Frederick II of Austria (?–1246, duke of Austria 1230–1246)
		Frederick II, Margrave of Brandenburg (1413–1470, margrave 1440–1470)
		Frederick II of Denmark and Norway (1534–1588, king 1559–1588)
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Frederick_II (149 words)

	FREDERICK THE GREAT (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		Frederick II the Great, third king of Prussia from 1740 to 1786, ranks among the two or three dominant figures in the history of modern Germany.
		Frederick's upbringing and education were strictly controlled by his father, who was a martinet as well as a paranoiac.
		Frederick William I deeply despised the artistic and intellectual tastes of his son and was infuriated by Frederick's lack of sympathy with his own rigidly puritanical and militaristic outlook.
	www.realm-of-shade.com /zarathustra/frederick.html (2334 words)

	Frederick II (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		Frederick II Frederick II Frederick II (1712-1786), king of Prussia.
		At his death it could be said of Frederick that he added 30,000 square miles to the territory of Prussia, that he left $70,-000,000 in the treasury, and an army of 200,000 of the best drilled soldiers in Europe.
		Frederick was the first European sovereign to acknowledge the independence of the United States.
	www.factopia.com /aiton-encyclopedia-vol2/frederick-ii.htm (443 words)

	Frederick II the Great - Olga's Gallery
		Frederick II, the Great (1712-86), king of Prussia (1740-1786), remains one of the most famous German rulers of all time for his military successes and his domestic reforms that made Prussia one of the leading European nations.
		Frederick was essentially a just, and somewhat austere man. He was an absolute ruler, but he did not rule by his own personal whims, always keeping Prussia's welfare in mind, and he expected his people to possess the same devotion.
		Frederick built Prussia into one of the strongest nations in Europe and left a legacy of absolute devotion to the fatherland that continued to shape German history into the 20th century.
	www.abcgallery.com /list/2001nov16.html (658 words)

	Albert II of Austria - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Albert II of Austria (Habsburg, December 12, 1298 – Vienna, August 16, 1358, known as the Wise or the Lame) was Duke of Austria.
		Albert II was born as the son of Emperor Albert I on December 12, 1298.
		He became the joint ruler of all Habsburg lands with his younger brother, Otto the Merry in 1330, while increasing his possessions by the inheritance of his wife Joan, which was made up of the County of Pfirt and several cities.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Albert_II_of_Austria (436 words)

	Frederick II: Kaiser of Prussia
		Frederick the second, more often called Frederick the Great, brought Prussia from a state of general weakness to that of great power and wealth.
		Kaiser Frederick II was born in Berlin on January the 24th, 1712.
		Frederick the Great, along with his sisters, loved music and to the chagrin of his father was not interested in the arts of war.
	www.hyperhistory.net /apwh/bios/b2frederick2.htm (574 words)

	The Sixth Crusade - Frederick II
		The Sixth Crusade - Frederick II The Sixth Crusade - Frederick II The sixth Crusade has elements of great interest because it was led by the highly intelligent western emperor, Frederick II of Germany.
		Frederick obtained a treaty by the Musselman ruler whereby Jaffa, Bethlehem and Nazareth were ceded to the Christians, including Jerusalem, except the site of the temple, and a 10 year truce was agreed upon.
		Frederick was excommunicated [the 2nd time] in 1239, by Gregory, and this sentence was renewed by Innocent IV in 1245.
	latter-rain.com /ltrain/crusix.htm (592 words)

	Reader's Companion to Military History - - Frederick II (the Great) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		Frederick II of Prussia ranks simultaneously as one of history's greatest and most misunderstood captains.
		Frederick II seemed ill-equipped to cope with the challenges facing him when he assumed the throne in 1740.
		Frederick might have been a misanthrope, but his repeated condemnations of his army's rank and file were balanced again and again by public recognition such as restoring the swords of a previously disgraced regiment after its performance at Leignitz (1760).
	college.hmco.com /history/readerscomp/mil/html/mh_018600_frederickii.htm (1265 words)

	Joseph II. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		Joseph’s plan to annex Bavaria to Austria and thus to consolidate his state was frustrated in the War of the Bavarian Succession (1778–79); his project to exchange the Austrian Netherlands for Bavaria was thwarted (1785) by King Frederick II of Prussia, who formed the Fürstenbund [princes’ league] for that purpose.
		Joseph allied himself with Czarina Catherine II of Russia (whom he accompanied incognito on her Crimean journey), hoping to share in the spoils of the Ottoman Empire.
		Judgments on Joseph II vary widely, but it is certain that he left a socially freer state on his death than he had found on his accession.
	www.bartleby.com /65/jo/Joseph2.html (778 words)

	woodgate - pafg94 - Generated by Personal Ancestral File (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		William II of Netherlands King [Parents] was born on 6 Dec 1792 in The Hague,Netherlands.
		Frederick Francis II of Mecklenburg- Grand Duke [Parents] was born in 1823.
		Marie of Schwarzburg- Rudolstadt [Parents].Marie married Frederick Francis II of Mecklenburg- Grand Duke in 1868.
	homepages.ihug.co.nz /~woodgate/pafg94.htm (306 words)

	Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor - InfoSearchPoint.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		However, until the debacle at the Battle of Bouvines in 1214 even Frederick's kingship had remained mostly an empty honor, as Otto IV had held on to the reins of royal and imperial power until then despite the excommunication.
		Said to be literate in nine languages, Frederick was a very modern ruler for his times, being a patron of science and learning, and having fairly advanced views on economics.
		Frederick was excommunicated by Pope Gregory IX in 1227 for failing to honor his promise to launch the Sixth Crusade.
	www.infosearchpoint.com /display/Emperor_Frederick_II (619 words)

	Kids.net.au - Encyclopedia Frederick II -
		Frederick II of Austria[?] (?-1246, duke of Austria 1230-1246)
		Frederick II, Margrave of Brandenburg (1413-1470, margrave 1440-1470)
		Frederick II of Denmark and Norway (1534-1588, king 1559-1588)
	www.kids.net.au /encyclopedia-wiki/fr/Frederick_II (123 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Krain
		Emperor Frederick III, 6 December, 1461, established the Diocese, of Ljubljana or Laibach, subject directly to the pope, and this was confirmed by a Bull of Pope Pius II, 10 September, 1462.
		Frederick was succeeded by Ulrich III, Duke of Karinthia, who married a relative of the patriarch, and endowed the churches and monasteries, established the government mint at the city of Kostanjevica, and finally (1268) willed to Otokar II, King of Bohemia, all his possessions and the government of Karinthia and Carniola.
		Otokar was defeated by Rudolf II of Hapsburg, and at the meeting at Augsburg, 1282, he gave in fief to his sons Albrecht and Rudolf the province of Krain, but it was leased to Count Majnhardt.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/08696a.htm (1817 words)

	Frederick II of Austria - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		Frederick II of Austria - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		Frederick II, known as the Quarrelsome (German: Friedrich der Streitbare) (1219 – June 15, 1246), from the dynasty of Babenberg, was the duke of Austria and Styria from 1230 to 1246.
		Frederick II of Austria, 1219 births, 1246 deaths, Babenberg, Rulers of Austria and Rulers of Styria.
	www.arikah.net /encyclopedia/Frederick_II_of_Austria (443 words)

	Factpage
		Austria is a parliamentary representative democracy consisting of nine federal states and is one of two European countries that have declared their everlasting neutrality.
		According to legend, the flag was invented by Duke Leopold V of Austria (1157-1194) while he was involved in a fierce battle during the Crusades.
		In fact, the flag was designed in the 13th century by Duke Frederick II of Austria (1210-1246; known as ' Frederick the Quarrelsome'), the last of the Babenberg dynasty.
	www.freewebtown.com /geezs_world/Pages/Factpage.htm (735 words)

	Frederick II of Prussia
		Friedrich II of Prussia (Friedrich der Große, Frederick II, Frederick the Great -- January 24, 1712 - August 17, 1786) was the Hohenzollern king of Prussia, from 1740-86.
		Frederick succeeded his father Frederick William I (der Soldatenkönig, the "Soldier King").
		Actually he fought all his wars mainly against Austria (The Habsburg leaders of Austria were almost continuously German Kings from 15th century till 1806).
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/frederick_ii_of_prussia (1094 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Joseph II
		Frederick II said of Joseph: "He takes the second step before the first." Joseph's predecessor had not been heedless of the new tendencies.
		Its beginnings can be traced in Austria to the thirteenth century, and it became clearly marked in the sixteenth, especially so far as the administration of church property was concerned.
		But though in general the Josephinist system collapsed, its essential principles remain: the efforts for union among all the lands of Austria are one result of the system; another is the attitude of the nineteenth-century State towards the Church.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/08508b.htm (3148 words)

	Frederick II on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		FREDERICK II [Frederick II] or Frederick the Great, 1712-86, king of Prussia (1740-86), son and successor of Frederick William I.
		Staff Sgt. Ivan "Chip" Frederick, II, from the 372nd Military Police Company is among those charged with abuse of Iraqi detainees at Abu Ghraib prison in Iraq.
		Frederick M. Brown Getty Images 05-12-2002 405216charity premiere of "Star Wars: Episode II Attack of the Clones" May12, 2002 into students in Los Angeles.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/F/Fred2Pru.asp (1457 words)

	AllRefer.com - Frederick II, Holy Roman emperor and German king : Character and Legacy (German History, Biography) - ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		Frederick II was one of the most arresting figures of the Middle Ages.
		Frederick's personality was a curious mixture of German-Christian and Byzantine-Muslim influences.
		The intense struggle between Frederick and the papacy led to the ruin of the house of Hohenstaufen and severely damaged papal prestige.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/F/Fred2HRE-character-and-legacy.html (438 words)

	FRANCIA
		Austria (Österreich, the "eastern realm") was the most famous southern march, becoming a duchy, then the only "archduchy," and finally an empire.
		In 1349 Count Humbert II (d.1355), the "Dauphin," simply sold the territory to the grandson of Philip VI, the prince who would later become Charles V. Thus, Charles became the first "Dauphin" of France, and as he was the Crown Prince from 1350-1364, this now became the traditional title of the Heir Apparent of France.
		Henry of Guise was of the house of Anjou and Lorraine, descendants of King John II of France.
	www.friesian.com /francia.htm (14283 words)

	Maximilian Genealogy Master Database 2000 - pafg479 - Generated by Personal Ancestral File
		Elizabeth of TYROL married Albert I of Austria HABSBURG.
		Albert II the Lame of Austria HABSBURG died 1358.
		Margaret of Austria HABSBURG [Parents] was born 10 Jan 1480 in Brussels, Belgium.
	www.peterwestern.f9.co.uk /maximilia/pafg479.htm (243 words)

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