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Topic: Frederick III of Holstein Gottorp

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	Schleswig
		For in the course of the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, especially during the rule of the counts of Holstein, the bishops had ceased to be independent of the dukes; from vassals of the king they had become vassals of the dukes and had sunk into mere local bishops.
		In 1536 Lutheranism was declared the religion of the state by Christian III, the exercise of the Catholic faith was forbidden, and the property of the diocese was confiscated.
		All connexion with Holstein was set aside, a custom-house was erected on the Eider, Danish preachers, teachers, and troops were sent into Schleswig, while the German soldiers and officers were brought into Danish garrisons, and lastly Danish was made the language of the Church and schools.
	www.catholicity.com /encyclopedia/s/schleswig.html (2827 words)

	Adam Olearius - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Once back at Gottorp, Olearius became librarian to the duke, who also made him keeper of his cabinet of curiosities, and induced the tsar to excuse his (promised) return to Moscow.
		Under his care the Gottorp library and cabinet were greatly enriched in manuscripts, books, and oriental and other works of art: in 1651 he purchased, for this purpose, the collection of the Dutch scholar and physician, Bernard ten Broecke ("Paludanus").
		Under Olearius' direction the celebrated globe of Gottorp and armillary sphere were executed between 1654 and 1664; the globe was given to Peter the Great of Russia in 1713 by Duke Frederick's grandson, Christian Augustus.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Adam_Olearius (485 words)

	Schleswig-Holstein Question (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Frederick III, duke from 1616 to 1659, established the principle of primogeniture for his line, and the full sovereignty of his Schleswig dominions was d secured to him by his son-in-law Charles X of Sweden by the convention of Copenhagen (May 12, 1658) and to his son Christian Albert (d.
		In 1713 the regent broke the stipulated neutrality of the duchy in favour of Sweden and Frederick IV of Denmark seized the excuse to expel the duke by force of arms.
		Holstein was restored to him by the peace of Frederiksborg in 1720, but in the following year Frederick IV was recognized as sovereign of Schleswig by the estates and by the princes of the Augustenburg and Glucksburg lines.
	www.worldhistory.com /wiki/S/Schleswig-Holstein-Question.htm (6058 words)

	OELS - LoveToKnow Article on OELS
		Once back at Gottorp, Oelschlager became librarian to the duke, who also made him keeper of his Cabinet of Curiosities, and induced the tsar to excuse his (promised) return to Moscow.
		Under his care the Gottorp library and cabinet were greatly enriched in MSS., books, and oriental and other works of art: in 1651 he purchased, for this purpose, the collection of the Dutch scholar and physician, Bernard ten Broecke (" Paludanus").
		Under Oelschlager's direction the celebrated globe of Gottorp (n ft. in diameter) and armillary sphere were executed in 1654-1664; the globe was given to Peter the Great of Russia in 1713 by Duke Frederick's grandson, Christian Augustus.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /O/OE/OELS.htm (630 words)

	Historical Flags (Schleswig-Holstein, Germany) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The union of the Duchy of Schleswig with the County of Holstein was unusual since they were fiefs of different states (Schleswig of Denmark, Holstein of the Empire).
		Holstein used to be a German fief whereas Schleswig was a Danish fief.
		The Gottorp part of the Duchy was abolished in 1720, taken over by the King and the Danish flag became the appropriate one for the entire Duchy [of Schleswig-Holstein].
	fotw.vexillum.com /flags/de-sh_hi.html (1581 words)

	Middle East Open Encyclopedia: Holstein (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Holstein (Hol-shtayn) (Plattdüütsch: Holsteen, Danish: Holsten, Latin and historical English: Holsatia) is the southern part of Schleswig-Holstein in Germany, between the rivers Elbe, Eider, and the Schlei firth.
		From the 15th century, Holstein was, along with the Danish Duchy of Schleswig, inherited by the Kings of Denmark.
		Following the death of King Frederick VII of Denmark in 1863, the inheritance of Schleswig and Holstein was disputed.
	www.baghdadmuseum.org /ref/index.php?title=Holstein (619 words)

	Holstein - Wikpedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Holstein (Hol-shtayn) is the southern part of Schleswig-Holstein in Germany, between the rivers Elbe, Eider and the Schlei firth.
		The Danes were eager to round out their possessions, however, especially after the Duke of Holstein-Gottorp became Emperor of Russia in 1762 as Peter III and was planning an attack on Denmark to recover the lost Gottorp lands in Schleswig.
		From 1806 to 1864 the Duchy of Holstein was part of the German Confederation, though in personal union with Denmark (the King of Denmark being also Duke of Holstein).
	www.bostoncoop.net /~tpryor/wiki/index.php?title=Holstein (398 words)

	Frederick Iii Friedrich Duke Holstein Gottorp / Marie Elisabeth Princess Saxony (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Name: Marie Elisabeth Princess Holstein Gottorp Born: 6 Jun 1634 at Gottorf, Schleswig Holste, Prussia Died: 17 Jun 1665 at Darmstadt, Strknb, Hesse Darmstadt, Germant Husband: Landgrave Ludwig Vi Of Hesse Darmstadt
		27 JAN 1693/94 - 1696 at Gottorp, Schleswig Holste, Prussia Wife: Duchess Frederica Amalie Oldenburg Of Holst
		Name: August Friedrich Prince Holstein Gottorp Born: 6 May 1646 at Gottorf, Schleswig Holste, Prussia Died: Oct 1705 at Eutin, Schleswig Holste, Prussia Wife: Princess Of Saxony Weissenfe Christine
	www.e-familytree.net /F6/F6221.htm (668 words)

	CHARLES XIII. - LoveToKnow Article on CHARLES XIII. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		(1748-1818), king of Sweden and Norway, the second son of Adoiphus Frederick, king of Sweden, and Louisa Ulrica, sister of Frederick the Great, was born at Stockholm on the 7th of October 1748.
		On the death of Gustavus III., Charles, now duke of Sudermania, acted as regent of Sweden till 1796; but the real ruler of the country was the narrow-minded and vindictive Gustaf Adolf Reuterholm (q.v.), whose mischievous influence over him was supreme.
		These four years were perhaps the most miserable and degrading in Swedish history (an age of lead succeeding an age of gold, as it has well been called) and may be briefly described as alternations of fantastic jacobinism and ruthless despotism.
	87.1911encyclopedia.org /C/CH/CHARLES_XIII_.htm (316 words)

	Gustavus III: Free Encyclopedia Articles at Questia.com Online Library (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Gustav III of Sweden: The Forgotten Despot of the Age of Enlightenment: A.D. Harvey Recalls the Career of the Swedish King Whose Assassination Inspired a Famous Opera
		GUSTAVUS III 1746 92, king of Sweden (1771 92), son and successor of Adolphus Frederick...and literature and founded (1786) the Swedish Academy.
		The son of John III of Sweden and Catherine, sister of Sigismund II of Poland...fought intermittently with his uncle and later with his nephew, Gustavus II, to whom he lost (1629) most of Livonia.
	www.questia.com /library/encyclopedia/101247685 (1740 words)

	Maximilian Genealogy Master Database 2000 - pafg1317 - Generated by Personal Ancestral File
		Adolphus Frederick VON HOLSTEIN-GOTTORP King of Sweden was born 14 May 1710 and died 1771.
		Frederick III VON HOLSTEIN-GOTTORP was born 22 Dec 1597 and died 10 Aug 1659.
		Adolf Frederick I MECKLENBURG-SCHWERIN was born 25 Dec 1588 and died 27 Feb 1658.
	www.peterwestern.f9.co.uk /maximilia/pafg1317.htm (899 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Denmark
		It was Frederick's son, Christian III, who after the overthrow of his political enemies made Lutheranism the established religion.
		On the same day he cause all bishops to be imprisoned and to be deprived of their possessions; the monks and nuns were permitted to leave the monasteries; if they preferred to remain, they were forced to admit Lutheran preachers and to suffer all possible persecution.
		Under King Frederick, the teachings of Luther had already struck root in Denmark, but they did not entirely prevail either here or in Norway until the reign of his son.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/04722c.htm (10911 words)

	Schleswig Holstein: Free Encyclopedia Articles at Questia.com Online Library (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Schleswig-Holstein is drained by the Eider River, which forms the historic border between the former duchies of Schleswig (in the north) and Holstein (in the south).
		A constitution for Holstein was guaranteed by the German Confederation.
		The Austro-Prussian War of 1866 ended with a swift (7 weeks) Prussian victory; Schleswig, Holstein, and Lauenburg were annexed to Prussia and became the province of Schleswig-Holstein.
	www.questia.com /library/encyclopedia/101269769 (2289 words)

	Karl Friedrich, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Duke Karl Friedrich of Holstein-Gottorp, (1700-1739) was the son of Frederick IV of Holstein-Gottorp and his wife, Princess Hedwig Sophia of Sweden.
		Their son Charles Peter Ulrich, who succeeded as Duke of Holstein-Gottorp in 1739, eventually became Tsar in 1762 as Peter III.
		This biography of a member of a continental European royal house is a stub.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Charles_Frederick_of_Holstein-Gottorp (119 words)

	TABLE OF CONTENTS
		Notwithstanding his placidity of temper, Frederick was tenacious of his rights throughout; while in the earlier years of her exile Elizabeth Stewart's royal personality inspired a passionate loyalty in both the military champions and the diplomatic agents and helpers of the Palatine cause.
		Frederick III of Holstein-Gottorp, whose interests were op posed to the King's, had already declared his adherence to the Emperor.
		Both Holstein, and Schleswig in its rear, were wholly unprepared for the assault of his adversaries; and the defensive measures adopted by the Estates were in a quite inchoate stage.
	www.uni-mannheim.de /mateo/camenaref/cmh/cmh403.html (18935 words)

	Susanna HOLMES - Hermann of HOLTE
		/-Bernhard III of SAXONY, Duke of Saxony
		Ancestors of Gerhard VI of HOLSTEIN, Duke of Holstein
		Descendents of Gerhard VI of HOLSTEIN, Duke of Holstein
	freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.com /~dphaner/HTML/people/p00000hv.htm (1410 words)

	AllRefer.com - Peter III, czar of Russia (Russian, Soviet, And CIS History, Biography) - Encyclopedia
		Peter III 1728–62, czar of Russia (1762), son of Charles Frederick, dispossessed duke of Holstein-Gottorp, and of Anna Petrovna, daughter of Peter the Great.
		In the summer of 1762 a conspiracy against Peter, headed by Catherine's lover Grigori Orlov and his brother Aleksey, was set in motion.
		Peter's claim to ducal Holstein passed to his son Paul (later Czar Paul I), in whose name Catherine ceded it to Denmark in exchange for Oldenburg in 1773.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/P/Peter3-Rus.html (404 words)

	ipedia.com: Charles X of Sweden Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		He contracted a political marriage on October 24, 1654 with Hedwig Leonora, the daughter of duke Frederick III of Holstein-Gottorp, by way of securing a future ally against Denmark.
		The crushing effect of this unheard-of achievement on the Danish government found expression in the Treaty of Taastrup on February 18, and Treaty of Roskilde February 26, 1658, whereby Denmark sacrificed nearly half her territory to save the rest.
		But this was not enough and a council held at Gottorp on July 7, Charles X resolved to wipe from the map of Europe an inconvenient rival, and without any warning, in defiance of all international equity, let loose his veterans upon Denmark a second time.
	www.ipedia.com /charles_x_of_sweden.html (1896 words)

	Maximilian Genealogy Master Database 2000 - pafg1316 - Generated by Personal Ancestral File
		Frederick III VON HOLSTEIN-GOTTORP [Parents] was born 22 Dec 1597.
		Frederick married Marie Elizabeth of Saxony WETTIN on 21 Feb 1630.
		Marie married Frederick III VON HOLSTEIN-GOTTORP on 21 Feb 1630.
	www.peterwestern.f9.co.uk /maximilia/pafg1316.htm (324 words)

	The world's top holstein gottorp websites
		Holstein-Gottorp was a duchy consisting of areas within Schleswig and Holstein, in present-day Denmark and Germany.
		It was extant from 1544, when it was ceded to Adolf, the brother of King Christian III of Denmark, to 1773, when it was reincorporated into the Danish kingdom.
		The dukes of Holstein-Gottorp conducted a successful dynastic policy, two effects of which were the Swedish House of Holstein-Gottorp (reigning from 1751 until 1818) and the Russian Imperial Family of Holstein-Gottorp-Romanov (reigning briefly in 1762 and then from 1796 until 1918).
	dirs.org /wiki-article-tab.cfm/holstein_gottorp (171 words)

	Charles X of Sweden (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The beginning of Charles X's reign concentrated on the healing of domestic discords and on the rallying of all the forces of the nation round his standard for a new policy of conquest.
		His chief object, the conquest of Prussia, remained unaccomplished, and a new foe arose in the elector of Brandenburg, Frederick William I, alarmed by the ambition of the Swedish king.
		But this seemed insufficient, and at a council held at Gottorp on 7 July, Charles X resolved to wipe from the map of Europe an inconvenient rival, and without any warning, in defiance of all international equity, let loose his veterans upon Denmark a second time.
	www.worldhistory.com /wiki/C/Charles-X-of-Sweden.htm (2044 words)

	Oelschläger
		This embassy started from Gottorp on the 22nd of October 1633, and travelled by Hamburg, Lübeck, Riga, Dorpat (five months' stay), Revel, Narva, Ladoga and Novgorod to Moscow (August, 14, 1634).
		Here they concluded an advantageous treaty with Michael Romanov, and returned forthwith to Gottorp (December 14, 1634 — April 7, 1635) to procure the ratification of this arrangement from the duke, before proceeding.
		On his way,he had made a chart of the Volga, and partly for this, reason the tsar Michael wished to persuade, or compel, him, to enter his service.
	www.ermeland.de /Oelshlgr.htm (427 words)

	Ancestors and Family of Charles XI of Sweden von Simmern
		He was defeated by FREDERICK WILLIAM of Brandenburg (1675).
		The Swedish army and navy were unprepared for war, and Sweden lost territory, although much of it was restored by the Peace of Saint-Germain-en-Laye in 1679.
		Charles married Ulrica Eleanor of Denmark Oldenburg, daughter of Frederick III of Denmark Oldenburg and Sophia Amalia of Brunswick, on 16 May 1680.
	nygaard.howards.net /files/2730.htm (283 words)

	Peter III on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		1728-62, czar of Russia (1762), son of Charles Frederick, dispossessed duke of Holstein-Gottorp, and of Anna Petrovna, daughter of Peter the Great.
		AMD Uses the Force at the Intergalactic Premiere of ``Star Wars: Episode III Revenge of the Sith'' in London's Leicester Square.
		Attorney Zedrick Braden III has a great view of construction activity at the Millennium Park project on Michigan Avenue in Chicago, Illinois.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/P/Peter3-R1us.asp (636 words)

	Canadian Journal of History: Russia and the Schleswig-Holstein question, 1761-1767: A note on sources
		By the Treaty of Travendale, Denmark restored the captured portion of Holstein but retained Schleswig, its possession being guaranteed by both England and France.(3) Frederick died in 1702, bequeathing both the duchy and his claims to Schleswig to his son Charles Frederick, whose cause was subsequently supported by Peter the Great.
		Von Saldern, an outwardly gruff yet crafty and astute statesman, was Peter III's Holstein counsellor and later Catherine II's special emissary to Denmark where he conducted the negotiations for Mageskiet.
		Correspondence of Hanoverian ministers with George III concerning the Schleswig-Holstein crisis, Mar.-Sept. 1762.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3686/is_199504/ai_n8715322 (854 words)

	Adolf Frederick -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		While Adolf Frederick was bishop of Lübeck (1727–50), he administered Holstein-Kiel (1739–45) during the minority of Duke Charles Peter Ulrich (afterward Peter III of Russia).
		An escaped slave, Frederick Douglass became one of the foremost fl abolitionists and civil rights leaders in the United States.
		English dancer and choreographer Frederick Ashton was known primarily for his years as a choreographer with the Royal Ballet.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9003769 (689 words)

	Genealogy.com - Ancestry of Tsar Nicholas II: Tenth Generation
		Frederick died 10 Aug 1659 at 61 years of age.
		Frederick III von Holstein-Gottorp and Marie Elizabeth Wettin had the following children:
		Sophie died 12 Dec 1680 at 50 years of age.
	www.genealogy.com /famousfolks/nicholas-romanov/d0/i0000194.htm (178 words)

	ART / 4 / 2DAY (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		_ Mary II, Wife of Prince William III (1684) and William III, Prince of Orange and from 1689, King of England (1684), both by Caspar Netscher.
		Between 1675 and 1682 Mary of Modena gave birth to five children, none of whom survived, with the blame popularly assigned to James's affliction with venereal disease in the 1660s.
		On 21 September 1652 Ovens married Maria Martens in Tönning and shortly afterwards moved to Friedrichstadt, also in Schleswig-Holstein, as court painter to Duke Frederick III of Holstein-Gottorp (reg 1616—1659), for whom he had painted family portraits in 1651 while still in Amsterdam.
	www.jcanu.hpg.ig.com.br /art/art4dec/art1209.html (6319 words)

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