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Topic: Frederick III of Sicily

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Frederick III the Simple

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	Frederick III the Simple - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		1341-1377), "The Simple", King of Sicily from 1355 to 1377, was the second son of Peter II of Sicily and Isabel of Carintia.
		"Frederick the Simple" is often confused with an earlier Sicilian monarch, Frederick II, who chose to call himself "Frederick III" because he was the third son of another Sicilian king, Peter, even though he was actually only the second King Frederick to occupy the Sicilian throne.
		The beginning of Frederick III's reign was plagued by intermittent wars with the Kingdom of Naples.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Frederick_III_the_Simple (189 words)

	Frederick III of Sicily - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Frederick III (or II) (1272 – 1337), King of Sicily, was the third son of King Peter III of Aragon and Sicily, and of Constance, daughter of Manfred.
		The war between the Angevins and the Aragonese for the possession of Sicily was still in progress, and although the Aragonese were successful in Italy, James’ position in Spain became very insecure due to internal troubles and French attacks.
		Unfortunately for Frederick, a part of the Aragonese nobles of Sicily favoured King James, and both John of Procida and Roger of Lauria, the heroes of the war of the Vespers, went over to the Angevins, and the latter completely defeated the Sicilian fleet off Cape Orlando.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Frederick_III_of_Sicily (815 words)

	Encyclopedia: Frederick III of Sicily
		Charles III of Valois (March 12, 1270 â€“ December 16, 1325) was the third son of Philip III of France and Isabella of Aragon.
		Kings of Sicily Supporters contend that the Eleventh Edition of the EncyclopÃ¦dia Britannica (1910-1911) represents the sum of human knowledge at the beginning of the 20th century; indeed, it was advertised as such.
		Frederick the Handsome, Duke of Austria from 1308 to 1330, who was elected as German King in the time of Louis the Bavarian (1326) as the result of a compromise between the Houses of Wittelsbach and Habsburg.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Frederick-III-of-Sicily (2543 words)

	Frederick III Preserves Sicily (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Frederick was crowned king of the island of Sicily in 1296, and he defended his crown through six years of warfare with forces of both the Pope and the Anjou French.
		Until his death in 1337 Frederick's reign was punctuated by periodic warfare with the Pope, whom Frederick periodically enraged by siding with the Holy Roman Empire and its Ghibelline allies of northern Italy in their conflicts with the Pope.
		Frederick's reign was important in forging a common national spirit among the people of his island kingdom.
	www.boglewood.com /sicily/frederick3.html (280 words)

	History of SICILY (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Sicily, linked politically to the southern region of Italy, is an area of profound concern to the papacy - this kingdom is Rome's southern neighbour.
		Frederick's mother Constance was the daughter of Manfred, the illegitimate son of the emperor Frederick II - Sicily's outstanding monarch of recent times.
		Frederick III's position in Sicily is finally established in 1302 by the treaty of Caltabellotta.
	www.historyworld.net /wrldhis/PlainTextHistories.asp?groupid=3465&HistoryID=ab60 (1282 words)

	Amber & Mike's Wedding - Tresca Time Line
		Frederick's bastard son (by Bianca Lancia), Manfredi, is simultaneously nominated as Vicar and Regent of the Kingdom of Sicily.
		Frederick promulgates the "Frederickian Constitution" establishing the residency of the Sicilian Monarch and the restructuring of the Sicilian Parliament.
		Frederick dies and is buried in the Catania cathedral.
	members.toast.net /talien/wedding/timelinenf.html (1947 words)

	wais:GERMANY: Frederick II of Sicily december 2004
		Frederick was an excellent administrator and an able soldier, and his broad cultural outlook and intellectual gifts made him something of Renaissance man ahead of his time.
		Frederick also created a new constitution the Kingdom of Sicily that was the first codification of a European state's administrative law since the reign of Justinian in the 6th century.
		Frederick was an enlightened ruler, and oversaw Sicily at the height of its Golden Age.
	www.stanford.edu /group/wais/ztopics/week1208-31-04/germany_041231_frederick11sicily.htm (948 words)

	Sicilian History
		The Elymians settled in the western Sicily, in Eryx (Erice), Segesta, and Entella.
		Frederick II - Through the marriage of Constance, heiress of the last Norman king, to Holy Roman Emperor Henry VI, Sicily passed in 1194 to the Hohenstaufen dynasty.
		Frederick II 1272-1337 King of Sicily (1296-1337) the third son of Peter III of Aragon.
	dieli.net /SicilyPage/History/SicilianHist.html (2843 words)

	FREDERICK III. - LoveToKnow Article on FREDERICK III. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		(1272-1337), king of Sicily, third son of King Peter of Aragon and Sicily, and of Constance, daughter of Manfred.
		The war between the Angevins and the Aragonese for the possession of Sicily was still in.
		Unfortunately for Frederick, a part of the Aragonese nobles of Sicily favored King James, and both John of Procida and Ruggiero di Lauria, the heroes of the war of the Vespers, went over to the Angevins, and the latter completely defeated the Sicilian fleet off Cape Orlando.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /F/FR/FREDERICK_III_.htm (783 words)

	Frederick III of Sicily (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Frederick III (1272—1337), King of Sicily (The Italian region on the island of Sicily), was the third son of King Peter III of Aragon (additional info and facts about Peter III of Aragon) and Sicily, and of Constance, daughter of Manfred (additional info and facts about Manfred).
		In vain the pope tried to bribe him with promises and dignities; he was determined to stand by his subjects, and was crowned king by the nobles at Palermo (The capital of Sicily; located in northwestern Sicily; an important port for 3000 years) in 1296.
		Charles’s sons Robert and Philip landed in Sicily, but after capturing Catania (additional info and facts about Catania) were defeated by Frederick, Philip being taken prisoner (1299), while several Calabrian towns were captured by the Sicilians.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/f/fr/frederick_iii_of_sicily2.htm (637 words)

	Best of Sicily - Noble Peers of Sicily
		In 1295 and 1296, a "parliament" was convened by Frederick, the younger brother of King James of Sicily --both being sons of King Peter of Aragon.
		At this session, the Sicilian baronage nominated Frederick, who was Sicilian by birth and upbringing, as their sovereign, and crowned him at Palermo the following year as Frederick III of Sicily.
		To have been a Peer of the Realm in Sicily meant little after 1860; the Senate of the Kingdom of Italy became the upper house of the new unitary state, and though many senators were noblemen senatorial seats were not assigned on the basis of blood.
	www.bestofsicily.com /peers.htm (1288 words)

	SICILIAN VESPERS - LoveToKnow Article on SICILIAN VESPERS
		Charles I. of Anjou had ~tcountered more resistance in conquering Sicily than on the maihland, as the people were more independent and more strongly attached to the house of Hohenstaufen; and, consequently his government was more oppressive and cruel.
		The reason for this uncompromising attitude lies in the papal claim that Sicily was a fief of the Church, a claim which could only be enforced by means of the Angevins.
		Peace was made with the treaty of Caltabellotta in 1302, which left Sicily an independent kingdom under Frederick for that princes lifetime; and although at his death it was to have reverted to the Angevins, he was actually succeeded by his son, and the island retained its independence for a considerable period.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /V/VE/VESPERS_SICILIAN.htm (1109 words)

	AllRefer.com - Frederick II, king of Sicily (Italian History, Biography) - Encyclopedia
		When his brother, who was king of Sicily, became (1291) king of AragOn as James II, Frederick was his regent in Sicily.
		In 1295 James renounced Sicily in favor of the Angevin king of Naples, Charles II, but the Sicilians rebelled and crowned Frederick.
		Frederick, allied successively with Holy Roman Emperors Henry VII and Louis IV, retook the title king of Sicily and, with his son Peter, was crowned in 1322.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/F/Fred2Sic.html (298 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Pope Boniface VIII
		Thoroughly imbued with the principles of his great and heroic predecessors, Gregory VII and Innocent III, the successor of Celestine V entertained most exalted notions on the subject of papal supremacy in ecclesiastical as well as in civil matters, and was ever most pronounced in the assertion of his claims.
		Sicily was not, however, pacified by this agreement between the pope and the kings of Aragon and Naples.
		Frederick was to be absolved from the censures he had incurred, to marry Eleanora, younger daughter of Charles II, and to retain Sicily during his lifetime.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/02662a.htm (9059 words)

	Frederick II -> Beginning of Reign in Sicily on Encyclopedia.com 2002 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Despite his promises to Pope Innocent III that when crowned Holy Roman emperor he would separate Sicily from the empire by establishing a regency there for his infant son Henry, he reversed these arrangements in 1220.
		Promising Pope Honorius III to start on his crusade, he secured Henry's election as German king, and thus his position as imperial successor, shortly before his own imperial coronation (1220) at Rome.
		Under Frederick, however, no such union was effected; Henry governed, first under a regency, in Germany, and Frederick governed Italy and Sicily, which became the seat of his empire.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/section/fred2hre_beginningofreigninsicily.asp (590 words)

	Martin (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		When Frederick III of Sicily died in 1377, leaving a daughter, Mary, as his heiress, there ensued a long period of disorder.
		Peter IV died in 1387, leaving Aragon to his elder son John I; the queen of Sicily was brought to Spain in 1388, and her marriage to the younger Martin took place in 1390.
		In 1392 the couple landed in Sicily with Martin of Montblanch and began to reign as queen and king-consort, despite strong local opposition.
	gallery.euroweb.hu /tours/spain/martin.html (294 words)

	Index to royal Genealogical Data - ordered by forename - part 41 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Frederick III the Pious, Elector of the Palatinate Wittelsbach, b.
		Frederick III the Wise, Elector of Saxony Wettin, b.
		Frederick of Meissen and Thuringia, Margrave of Meis.
	www.dcs.hull.ac.uk /public/genealogy/royal/gedFx41.html (1043 words)

	Keeping Catholics Catholic Page XXV-The Timeline-The FOURTEENTH Century (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		King Edward III of England invades Scotland and conquered the Scots at Halidon Hill, England and restored Edward De Baliol to the Scottish Throne.
		King Edward III of England claimed to be legal heir to the French Throne through his mother, Isabella, the sister of King Charles IV of France, the last Capetian King.
		King Edward III of England declared himself to be the King of France and invaded the country called the Eldest Daughter of the Church from the North.
	www.geocities.com /Athens/Ithaca/6461/14cent.html (3178 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Pope Innocent III
		One of the greatest popes of the Middle Ages, son of Count Trasimund of Segni and nephew of Clement III, born 1160 or 1161 at Anagni, and died 16 June, 1216, at Perugia.
		During the pontificate of Celestine III (1191-1198), a member of the House of the Orsini, enemies of the counts of Segni, he lived in retirement, probably at Anagni, devoting himself chiefly to meditation and literary pursuits.
		He also united with the enemies of Frederick II and invaded the Kingdom of Sicily with the purpose of wresting it from the youthful king and from the suzerainty of the pope.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/08013a.htm (4264 words)

	NAPLES, KINGDOM OF - Online Information article about NAPLES, KINGDOM OF
		The Angevins renounced Sicily in favour of Frederick, who was recognized as king of Trinacria (a name adopted so as not to mention that of Sicily), and he was to marry Leonora, daughter of Charles of Valois; at his death the island would revert to the Angevins, but his See also:
		Carlos of Bourbon, son of Philip V. of Spain, easily conquered both Naples and Sicily, and in 1738 he was recognized as king of the Two Sicilies, Spain renouncing all her claims.
		In 1759 Charles III., having succeeded to the Spanish crown, abdicated that of the Two Sicilies in favour of his son Ferdinand, who became Ferdinand IV.
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /NAN_NEW/NAPLES_KINGDOM_OF.html (5142 words)

	Clifford R. Backman
		"Frederick III of Sicily and the Franciscan Spirituals." American Association of Research Historians of Medieval Spain, held at 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Historical Association, Cincinnati, 1988.
		"Muslim Sicily between Cross Cultural Encounter and Conflict," by William Granara (Harvard University); "Frederick II and the Sicilian Muslim Rebellion," by James M. Powell (Syracuse University); and "The Encounter of Venice and Byzantium on the Island of Crete," by Maria Georgopoulou (Yale University).
		The Decline and Fall of Medieval Sicily: Politics, Religion, and Economy in the Reign of Frederick III, 1296-1337 (Cambridge Univ., 1995).
	www.mille.org /people/backman.html (1144 words)

	Sicily, Italy (Photo Archive)
		Sicily played a central role as a supplier of grain for the city of Rome, but the ruthless exploitation of the agricultural slaves led to several rebellions, the most important in 139-132 BCE and 104-100 BCE.
		Sicily became a separate kingdom ruled by a branch of the House of Aragon, but the conflict with the Angevins in Naples continued for decades to come, with repeated and reciprocal invasions in Sicily and Southern Italy.
		Sicily was ruled by a viceroy with residence in the Norman Palace of Palermo.
	sights.seindal.dk /sight/613_Sicily.html (3789 words)

	Alphonso V Reunites Sicily and Naples (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		For a long time following Ferdinand III's creation in 1296 of an independent Kingdom of Sicily separate from the mainland territory surrounding Naples, the crown of Sicily descended in a Spanish line while the crown of Naples descended through the hands of their ancient enemies, the descendants of Charles II of Anjou.
		Later, Queen Joanna II of Naples--whose four husbands and myriad lovers would scarcely seem to have left her time for governance--solicited Alphonso's aid in fending off a variety of claimants to her throne.
		Following Alphonso's death, the reunited territory of Sicily and Naples descended through successive generations as a possession of the Spanish monarch.
	www.boglewood.com /sicily/alphonso.html (252 words)

	Timeline Sicily (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		1000-1100 Sicily was in the possession of the Fatimid caliph of Cairo.
		1194 Dec 26, Frederick II, German Emperor (1212-1250) and King of Sicily, was born in Lesi, Italy.
		Manfred, the bastard son of Emperor Frederik II, king of Sicily, was killed.
	www.bonus.com /contour/timelines_history/http@@/timelines.ws/countries/SICILY.HTML (1425 words)

	Frederick
		Frederick is the modern English of an Old Germanic name, Frithuric.
		Frederick, did, however, remain popular in Continental Europe, especially among the German princes.
		Frederick II King of Sicily, Duke of Swabia, and Holy Roman Emperor.
	www.geocities.com /edgarbook/names/f/frederick.html (273 words)

	Thebes
		In 1205 it was taken by Boniface III of Montferrat and assigned with Athens to Othon de la Roche; by marriage it passed later to the lords of Saint-Omer; one of them, Nicholas II, constructed the Frankish chateau of the Cadmi which was destroyed in 1311 by the Catalans.
		In 1364 the Turks took it in behalf of Frederick III of Sicily and later on their own account, but its neighbour, Livadia, soon supplanted it.
		Eubel (Hierarchia catholica medii aevi, I, 508; II, 274, III, 331) mentions a number of bishops.
	www.catholicity.com /encyclopedia/t/thebes.html (510 words)

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