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Topic: Frederick IV of Holstein Gottorp

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House of Holstein Gottorp

Frederick IV of Holstein Gottorp

Holstein Gottorp Romanov

Charles Frederick of Holstein Gottorp

Hedwig Eleonora of Holstein Gottorp

Christina of Holstein Gottorp

Adolf of Holstein Gottorp

Frederick III of Holstein Gottorp

Philip of Holstein Gottorp

House of Gottorp

John Adolf of Holstein Gottorp

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	SCHLESWIG-HOLSTEIN QUESTION - LoveToKnow Article on SCHLESWIG-HOLSTEIN QUESTION (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Frederick III., duke from 1616 to 1659, established the principle of primogeniture for his line, Th and the full sovereignty of his Schleswig dominions was d secured to him by his son-in-law Charles X. of Sweden by ~ the convention of Copenhagen (12 May 1658) i and to his son Christian Albert (d.
		Frederick was killed at the battle of Klissow in 1702, and his brother Christian Augustus acted as regent for his son Charles Frederick until 1718.
		Frederick, duke of Augustenburg, son of the prince who in 1852 had renounced the succession to the duchies, now claimed his rights on the ground that he had had no share in the renunciation.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /S/SC/SCHLESWIG_HOLSTEIN_QUESTION.htm (7706 words)

	House of Holstein-Gottorp (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The House of Holstein-Gottorp, a branch of the Oldenburg dynasty, rose to the Swedish throne with King Adolf Frederick in 1751.
		A descendant of the dukes of Holstein-Gottorp, Adolf Frederick was closely related to several members of the Russian Imperial Family, and later his niece Catherine the Great would even become Empress and founder of the House of Holstein-Gottorp-Romanov.
		Adolf Frederick's grandson Gustav IV Adolf was deposed in 1809 following the loss of Finland, and the remaining parts of the dynasty became extinct with the death of his uncle Charles XIII in 1818.
	www.esdng5.com /en/wikipedia/h/ho/house_of_holstein_gottorp.html (162 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Schleswig
		For in the course of the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, especially during the rule of the counts of Holstein, the bishops had ceased to be independent of the dukes; from vassals of the king they had become vassals of the dukes and had sunk into mere local bishops.
		King Frederick William IV of Prussia sent an army into the duchies and even the Diet of the German Confederation was carried away by the national enthusiasm.
		All connexion with Holstein was set aside, a custom-house was erected on the Eider, Danish preachers, teachers, and troops were sent into Schleswig, while the German soldiers and officers were brought into Danish garrisons, and lastly Danish was made the language of the Church and schools.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/13542a.htm (2852 words)

	CATHERINE II. - LoveToKnow Article on CATHERINE II. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		In 1744 she was taken to Russia, to be affianced to the grandduke Peter, the nephew of the empress Elizabeth (q.v.), and her recognized heir.
		The princess of Anhalt-Zerbst was the daughter of Christian Albert, bishop of Lilbeck, younger brother of Frederick IV., duke of Holstein-Gottorp, Peters paternal grandfather.
		Her exasperation with the affectations of the Prussian king was unquestionably increased by her discovery that he would not be induced to apply himself to a crusade against the French Revolution, which by employing all his forces would have left Russia free to annex the whole of what remained of Poland.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /C/CA/CATHERINE_II_.htm (3342 words)

	Gustav III of Sweden (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		On the November 4, 1766, Gustav married Sophie Magdalen, daughter of Frederick V of Denmark.
		Before he departed, the French government undertook to pay the outstanding subsidies to Sweden unconditionally, at the rate of one and a half million livres annually; and the comte de Vergennes, one of the great names of French diplomacy, was transferred from Constantinople to Stockholm.
		Frederick bluntly informed his nephew that, in concert with Russia and Denmark, he had guaranteed the integrity of the existing Swedish constitution, and significantly advised the young monarch to play the part of mediator and abstain from violence.
	usapedia.com /g/gustav-iii-of-sweden.html (2059 words)

	Royal Family of Europe - pafg16 - Generated by Personal Ancestral File
		Prince Frederick Louis HANOVER Of Wales was born on 31 Jan 1707.
		Frederick IV OF HOLSTEIN [Parents] was born on 18 Oct 1671 in Gottorp, Schleswig-Holstein, Prussia.
		Charles Frederick OF HOLSTEIN was born in 1700.
	www.ishipress.com /royalfam/pafg16.htm (1983 words)

	Germany, the Stem Duchies & Marches
		The defeat of Henry the Lion by Frederick I (when Bavaria was conferred upon the Wittelsbachs, who retained it thereafter) and then of Otto IV by Philip of Swabia and the supporters of his nephew, Frederick II, doomed further Welf prospects.
		Rudolf IV of Hapsburg got himself elected Emperor, the first after the Great Interregnum (1254-1273) which followed the fall of the Hohenstaufen, and used his power to obtain the Duchy of Austria, killing Ottokar II, Duke of Austria and King of Bohemia, at the Battle of Dürnkrut in 1278.
		Frederick became the archetype of the "enlightened despot," whose characteristic principle is supposed to have been, "You can say whatever you like, but you will do what I tell you." This did not stop him, however, from initiating the partition of Poland.
	www.friesian.com /germany.htm (10191 words)

	Charles XIII of Sweden (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Charles XIII, Karl XIII, or Carl II, (1748-1818), king of Sweden and Norway, the second son of king Adolf Frederick of Sweden, and Louisa Ulrica of Prussia, sister of Frederick the Great, was born at Stockholm on October 7, 1748.
		These four years were perhaps the most miserable and degrading in Swedish history (an age of lead succeeding an age of gold, as it has well been called) and may be briefly described as alternations of fantastic jacobinism and ruthless despotism.
		On the accession of Gustav IV Adolf of Sweden (November 1796), the duke became a mere cipher in politics till the March 13, 1809, when those who had dethroned Gustav IV Adolf appointed him regent, and finally elected king by Riksdag of the Estates.
	www.1-free-software.com /en/wikipedia/c/ch/charles_xiii_of_sweden.html (347 words)

	Hedwig Sophia of Sweden
		As early as 1698 she married her father's cousin, Duke Frederick IV of Holstein-Gottorp.
		She is perhaps most well-known for the extensive correspondence between her and her brother King Charles XII, who lived most of his life in war-campaigns abroad.
		When he died in 1718 and left no male heirs to the throne, the late Hedwig Sophia's son Duke Charles Frederick was a main candidate for succeeding him, although the choice ultimately fell on Hedwig Sophia's younger sister Ulrika Eleonora.
	www.starrepublic.org /encyclopedia/wikipedia/h/he/hedwig_sophia_of_sweden.html (119 words)

	PageH2.html
		He was one of the "champions" of the Swabian (German) Emperor Frederick I of the House of Hohenstaufen, also, known as Barbarossa (Redbeard) who had led his warriors into what was to be known as the Third Crusades.
		It was Burgrave of Nuremberg Frederick I of Hohenzollern who founded two main lines of this house for his sons.
		Frederick I "Barbarossa" [Redbeard} of the House of Hohenstaufen and led his warriors into what was to be known as the Third Crusades.
	www.remmick.org /Remmick.German.Facts/PageH2.html (899 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Denmark
		On the same day he cause all bishops to be imprisoned and to be deprived of their possessions; the monks and nuns were permitted to leave the monasteries; if they preferred to remain, they were forced to admit Lutheran preachers and to suffer all possible persecution.
		In conclusion it may be mentioned that, at the request of Frederick IV, the first Protestant mission was opened (1705) at Trankebar (East India) and another followed (1730) in Greenland.
		His son, Frederick IV (1690-1730), had to take an active part in the Northern War; but no great battles took place, nor was Denmark subject to grievous devastation.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/04722c.htm (10911 words)

	CHARLES IX. - LoveToKnow Article on CHARLES IX. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		On the 21st of June Warsaw was retaken by the Poles, and four days later Charles was obliged to purchase the assistance of Frederick William by the treaty of Marienburg.
		He had learnt from Torstensson that Denmark was most vulnerable if attacked from the south, and, imitating the strategy of his master, he fell upon her with a velocity which paralysed resistance.
		At a council held at Gottorp (July 7), Charles X. resolved to wipe from the map of Europe an inconvenient rival, and without any warning, in defiance of all international equity, let loose his veterans upon Denmark a second time.
	73.1911encyclopedia.org /C/CH/CHARLES_IX_.htm (2197 words)

	Gustav IV Adolf of Sweden (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Gustav IV Adolf (1778-1837), king of Sweden, of the house Holstein-Gottorp, was the son of Gustav III of Sweden and Sophia Magdalena of Denmark, and born at Stockholm on November 1, 1778.
		On October 31, 1797 Gustav married Frederica, daughter of Charles Frederick, grand-duke of Baden, a marriage which might have led to a war with Russia but for the fanatical hatred of the French republic shared by the emperor Paul of Russia and Gustav IV Adolf, which served as a bond of union between them.
		In exile Gustav used several titles, Count Gottorp, Duke of Holstein-Eutin, and finally settled at St.
	1-free-software.com /en/wikipedia/g/gu/gustav_iv_adolf_of_sweden.html (653 words)

	Catherine the Great
		In 1744 she was taken to Russia, to be affianced to the grandduke Peter, the nephew of the empress Elizabeth, and her recognized heir.
		The princess of Anhalt-Zerbst was the daughter of Christian Albert, Bishop of Lübeck, younger brother of Frederick IV, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp, Peter's paternal grandfather.
		For ten years the marriage was barren, and the only reason for supposing that the future tsar Paul, who was born on the 2nd of October 1754, was the son of Peter, is the strong similarity of their characters.
	www.nndb.com /people/575/000078341 (3113 words)

	Sweden. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		The constitution of 1720 gave increased powers to the Riksdag (diet) and the political scene was dominated (1738–65) by the faction known as the Hats, who favored an aggressive anti-Russian policy in alliance with France and who represented the nobility and the bureaucracy.
		Gustavus IV (reigned 1792–1809), a despotic ruler, involved Sweden in war with Napoleon I and then (1806–9) with Russia.
		A coup (1809) placed his uncle, Charles XIII, on the throne, and later in the same year Sweden was forced to cede Finland to Russia.
	www.bartleby.com /65/sw/Sweden.html (2264 words)

	Gustav IV Adolf of Sweden (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		On October 31, 1797 Gustav married Frederica Dorothea, daughter of Charles Frederick, grand-duke of Baden, a marriage which might have led to a war with Russia but for the fanatical hatred of the French republic shared by the emperor Paul of Russia and Gustav IV Adolf, which served as a bond of union between them.
		In exile Gustav used several titles, Count Gottorp, Duke of Holstein-Eutin, and finally settled at St. Gallen in Switzerland where he in great loneliness and indigence, on February 7, 1837, under the name of Colonel Gustafsson suffered a stroke and died.
		At the suggestion of King Oscar II of Sweden his body was brought to Sweden and interred in the Riddarholmskyrkan.
	usapedia.com /g/gustav-iv-adolf-of-sweden.html (645 words)

	Royal Family of Europe - pafg04 - Generated by Personal Ancestral File
		Christian Albrecht, Duke Of HOLSTEIN GOTTORP [Parents] was born on 3 Feb 1641 in Gottorp, Schleswig-Holstein, Prussia.
		Frederick IV OF HOLSTEIN was born on 18 Oct 1671.
		Marie Elisabeth, Princess Of HOLSTEIN GOTTORP was born on 21 Mar 1678 in Of Gottorp, Schleswig-Holstein, Prussia.
	www.ishipress.com /royalfam/pafg04.htm (3089 words)

	The Game of Kings. Chaining the times
		In France Henry IV (1553-1610), the king from 1589 (or 1594), Louis XIII (1601-1643) the French king from 1610, and, of course, Napoleon I Bonaparte (1769-1821), the First consul from 1799, the French emperor from 1804 to 1814 and March-June 1815 played chess.
		The Swedish king Charles XII (1682-1718), the Prussian kings Frederick II the Great (1712-1786) and Frederick William II (1744-1797) were noted for predilection for chess.
		Ivan IV the Terrible ("nicknamed for his cruelty Vasilyevich", as was written in one French encyclopedia) (1530-1584), grand prince from 1533, the first Russian tsar from 1547, regularly competed with the men close to him and even died behind a chess board.
	www.chessib.com /gokings.html (914 words)

	Russian History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Ivan IV is known for being ruthless in his attempts to make the state of Muscovy powerful and secure.
		The period after Ivan IV's death, stretching from the late 16th century to the early 17th century, is known in Russia for its great instability.
		During her reign, Russia embarked on the "Seven Years War" (1756-1763) against Frederick the Great of Prussia (there are more people titled "the great" in the 18th century than in any other period in time).
	www.people.cornell.edu /pages/sw98/russian.html (1768 words)

	Frederiksborg -- Encyclopædia Britannica (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		It developed around Frederiksborg Castle, which was built (1602–20) by Christian IV in Dutch Renaissance style on the site of an earlier castle.
		Danish kings were crowned there from 1660 to 1840, and it was a favourite royal residence until gutted by fire in 1859.
		Frederick then accepted the Treaty of Traventhal (1700), but he reentered the war in...
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9035269?tocId=9035269 (420 words)

	Encyclopedia: Peter I of Russia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		(Some proposed that he take the title Emperor of the East, but he refused.) His imperial title was recognized by Augustus II of Poland, Frederick William I of Prussia and Frederick I of Sweden, but not by the other European monarchs.
		Jump to: navigation, search Frederick William I of Prussia (in German: Friedrich Wilhelm I), of the House of Hohenzollern, (August 14, 1688 - May 31, 1740), often known as the Soldier-King and considered an Enlightened Despot, reigned as King in Prussia (1713 - 1740).
		Frederick I (Fredrik I) (April 23, 1676â€“March 25, 1751), was King of Sweden from 1720 and (as Friedrich I von Hessen-Kassel) Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel from 1730 until his death.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Peter-I-of-Russia (10391 words)

	Second Northern War -- Britannica Concise Encyclopedia - The online encyclopedia you can trust!
		Upon the formation of the coalition (1698–99), Augustus II the Strong, king of Poland and elector of Saxony, attacked Livonia (February 1700), while Frederick IV, king of Denmark and Norway, marched into Schleswig and Holstein (March 1700) and Peter I the Great, tsar of Russia, laid siege to Narva (October 1700).
		Landing a few miles from Copenhagen, he compelled Frederick to withdraw from the anti-Swedish alliance and to sign the Treaty of Traventhal (August 1700), which restored the status quo.
		Frederick William I of Prussia and George I of England, in his capacity as elector of Hanover, joined the coalition after they had demanded territory from Sweden in return for their continued neutrality and been substantively refused by Charles.
	www.britannica.com /ebc/article-9056264 (1512 words)

	King Charles XII
		Charles started his 18-year long campaign with a quick landing in Denmark, thus forcing the Danish King Frederick IV (Charles's own cousin) to renounce his claims for the German province of Holstein-Gottorp.
		This uncertainty could perhaps have been reduced if Charles's only one year older brother-in-law, Duke Frederick IV of Holstein-Gottorp, who served as an officer in Charles's army, had survived his wounds at the Battle of Kliszow on July 9th 1702.
		Had Charles XII himself survived his Norwegian campaign, Sweden would almost certainly have achieved better terms of peace than the unlucky Queen Ulrica Eleonora and her advisors (including her strongly anti-Russian husband, the future King Frederick I, who was a son of the Landgraf of Hesse).
	hem.passagen.se /uscygnus/CharlesXII.html (2339 words)

	CATHERINE II - Encyclopedia Britannica - CATHERINE II - JCSM's Study Center (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The princess of Anhalt-Zerbst was the daughter of Christian Albert, bishop of Lubeck, younger brother of Frederick IV., duke of Holstein-Gottorp, Peter's paternal grand-father.
		For ten years the marriage was barren, and the only reason for supposing that the future tsar Paul (q.v.), who was born on the end of October 1754, was the son of Peter, is the strong similarity of their characters.
		His behaviour to his wife continued to be brutal and menacing, and he went on as before offending the national sentiment of the Russian people.
	jcsm.org /StudyCenter/Encyclopedia_Britannica/CAR_CAU/CATHERINE_II.html (3439 words)

	ART / 4 / 2DAY
		William succeeded as stadholder of the Netherlands after the death of his father Frederick Henry of Orange [29 Jan 1584 – 14 March 1647 Gregorian].
		— Mary Beatrice of Modena and her Son the Prince of Wales (1690; 600x433pix, 94kb _ ZOOM to 1400x1010pix, 307kb) _ Marie Beatrice d'Este was born on 05 October 1658, the daughter of Alfonso IV, duke of Modena.
		Through French diplomatic channels it was arranged that she become the second wife of widowed King James II [24 October 1633 – 17 Sep 1701, Gregorian dates] of England.
	www.freewebtown.com /canu/art/art4dec/art1209.html (6319 words)

	Gustavus III: Free Encyclopedia Articles at Questia.com Online Library
		1746â“92, king of Sweden (1771â“92), son and successor of Adolphus Frederick.
		He was attempting to form a coalition to intervene in the French Revolution in favor of the royalists when he was assassinated at a masked ball by a representative of the nobles.
		He was succeeded by his son, Gustavus IV.
	www.questia.com /library/encyclopedia/101247685 (1740 words)

	CATHERINE II - Online Information article about CATHERINE II (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Frederick IV., duke of Holstein-Gottorp, Peter's paternal grand-father.
		parade and the froth of discipline." He detested the Russians, and surrounded himself with Holsteiners.
		apoplexy." The truth is not known, and Frederick the Great at least professed long afterwards to believe that Catherine had no immediate share in the See also:
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /CAR_CAU/CATHERINE_II.html (4284 words)

	Welcome to Adobe GoLive 5
		Issue of marriage: Elizabeth (1573,†1626; Duchess of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel); Anne (1574,†1619; Queen of Scotland and England); CHRISTIAN IV (1577,†1648); Ulrik (1578,†1624); Augusta (1580,†1639); Hedevig (1581,†1641; Electress of Saxony); Hans (*1583,†1611).
		Married in 1643 at Glücksburg Castle in Holstein Sophia Amalia of Brunswick-Lüneburg (*1628,†1685 Copenhagen).
		Married in 1790 in Gottorp, Schleswig Marie of Hesse-Cassel (*1767 Hanau,†1852 Copenhagen).
	homepage.mac.com /crowns/n/avtxt.html (1640 words)

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