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Topic: Frederick IV of Naples

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	Naples
		Naples was founded by Greeks from Cumæ, and Cumæ, according to Mommsen, is the Palæopolis to which Livy refers as existing not far from Naples and as being allied with the latter city against the Samnites.
		Naples, also, was obliged to receive the Samnites within its walls and to give to them participation in the government of the city, which explains her ambiguous conduct towards Rome during the Samnite War (325 B. In its alliance with Rome, Naples furnished only ships.
		Frederick was succeeded by Peter II (1336), Louis (1342), and Frederick III (1355-77), who were continually at war with Naples, and always under the domination of the two parties into which the nobility was divided, the National and the Catalonian.
	www.catholicity.com /encyclopedia/n/naples.html (3525 words)

	Frederick II
		Frederick's sole desire was for peace in Germany, even if to secure this he had to make the greatest sacrifices; and for this reason, he granted to the ecclesiastical and temporal lords a series of privileges, which subsequently developed into the independent sovereignty of these princes.
		Frederick had also been obliged to acknowledge the pope as his overlord in Sicily, thus abandoning his father's cherished hopes of uniting Sicily with the imperial crown of Germany, though the attempts of the pope to entirely nullify this "personal union" were far from successful.
		Frederick sought to weaken the hostile bishops by favouring the secular princes and granting privileges to the cities.
	www.catholicity.com /encyclopedia/f/frederick_ii.html (2222 words)

	Charles I of Naples - LoveToKnow 1911
		Then Conradin, Frederick's grandson and last legitimate descendant of the Hohenstaufen, came into Italy, where he found many partisans among the Ghibellines of Lombardy and Tuscany, and among Manfred's former adherents in the south.
		Charles came to Naples with a new fleet from Provence, and was preparing to invade Sicily again, when he contracted a fever and died at Foggia on the 7th of January 1285.
		He was undoubtedly an extremely able soldier and a skilful statesman, and much of his legislation shows a real political sense; but his inordinate ambition, his oppressive methods of government and taxation, and his cruelty created enemies on all sides, and led to the collapse of the edifice of dominion which he had raised.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Charles_I_of_Naples (866 words)

	Naples Middle-Ages
		Naples was not a commercial town as could be other seaboard towns of Campania like Amalfi and Gaeta, but had a sizeable fleet which took part in the battle of Ostia against Buckwheats in 849.
		At all events Naples did not hesitate to combine with the inaccurate ones if this were in its advantage: in 836, for example, it asked the support of Buckwheats in order to push in addition to seat of the troops of Lombard coming from the duchy close to Benevento.
		After the defeat of the son of Frederick, Manfred, in Naples in 1266, the kingdom of Sicily was entrusted by the pope Clement IV to Charles of Anjou, which moved the capital from Palermo in Naples.
	naples.rome-in-italy.com /history_naples_2.html (1009 words)

	Frederick II, Holy Roman emperor and German king. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		Frederick returned in 1229 and signed (1230) the Treaty of San Germano, by which he was temporarily reconciled with the pope.
		Frederick issued a circular against the pope and seized most of the Papal States; in May, 1241, he captured a number of prelates en route from Genoa to a general council in Rome, and he was threatening Rome when Gregory died.
		After the election (1243) of Pope Innocent IV, Frederick offered sweeping concessions to the pope and his allies, but the pope fled (1244) to Lyons, deposed Frederick at the Council of Lyons (1245), and gave the emperor’s foes the privileges of Crusaders.
	www.bartleby.com /65/fr/Fred2HRE.html (1213 words)

	Frederick IV of Naples - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Frederick IV (April 19, 1452 – November 9, 1504), was King of Naples from 1496 to 1501.
		A combination of King Louis XII of France and Frederick's famous cousin King Ferdinand II of Aragon had continued the claim of Louis's predecessor, King Charles VIII of France, to Naples and Sicily.
		In 1501 they deposed Frederick; Naples initially went to Louis, but by 1504 a falling-out led to Naples' seizure by Ferdinand, after which it remained part of the Spanish possessions until the end of the War of the Spanish Succession.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Frederick_IV_of_Naples (249 words)

	Frederick II of Prussia Summary
		The eldest son of Frederick William I of Prussia and of Princess Sophie Dorothea of Hanover, Frederick II was born in Berlin on Jan. 24, 1712.
		Frederick was born in Berlin, the son of Sophia Dorothea of Hanover and King Frederick William I.
		Frederick's goal was to modernize and unite his vulnerably disconnected lands; toward this end, he fought wars mainly against Austria, whose Habsburg dynasts reigned as Holy Roman Emperors almost continuously from the 15th century until 1806.
	www.bookrags.com /Frederick_II_of_Prussia (7349 words)

	Naples, kingdom of - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Naples, kingdom of former state, occupying the Italian peninsula south of the former Papal States.
		During her reign began the struggle for succession between Charles of Durazzo (later Charles III of Naples) and Louis of Anjou (Louis I of Naples).
		Ferrante of Naples: the statecraft of a Renaissance prince.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-naples-k.html (881 words)

	Wikinfo \| Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor
		Frederick II Hohenstaufen (December 26, 1194 - 1250) ruled the Holy Roman Empire from 1220 through 1250.His empire was frequently at war with the Papal States, so it is not surprising that he was excommunicated – twice, in fact.
		Frederick wrote a manual on the art of falconry, De arte venandi cum avibus ("On the art of hunting with birds"), of which many illustrated copies survive from the 13th and 14th centuries.
		Frederick was excommunicated by Pope Gregory IX in 1227 for failing to honor his promise to launch the Sixth Crusade.
	www.wikinfo.org /wiki.php?title=Frederick_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor (762 words)

	Gothic Paris \| Frederick II, 1194-1250
		Frederick's success in the midst of fatal perils was seen by the medieval west as an act of God, and his popularity increased steadily (59).
		Frederick's policy in Sicily was radically different from his German policy in that it sought to calm the chaotic forces that Frederick had unleashed in Germany.
		Frederick states that he is a ruler who "receives his impulse from heavenly reflection" (231) and who harbors for his kingdom, Sicily, a "tender love which a father bears his sons" (221).
	www.nku.edu /~rosemi/paris/ver1/bios/frederick_ii.html (2478 words)

	Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor Summary
		Frederick II (December 26, 1194 – December 13, 1250), of the Hohenstaufen dynasty, was a pretender to the title of King of the Romans from 1212 and unopposed holder of that monarchy from 1215.
		Frederick's further attempts to rule over the Kingdom of Jerusalem were met by resistance on the part of the barons, led by John of Ibelin, Lord of Beirut.
		The sarcophagus of Frederick II of Hohenstaufen in the Cathedral of Palermo.
	www.bookrags.com /Frederick_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor (6335 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Naples
		Naples was a Greek city, to which those Romans who wished to devote themselves to the study of philosophy betook themselves by preference.
		Frederick I (the II of Germany), whose tutelage was entrusted by Constance to Innocent III.
		Naples are those of Acerra, Ischia, Nola, and Pozzuoli; the archdiocese has 95 parishes, with 600,600 inhabitants; 32 religious houses of men, 27 congregations of nuns; 7 educational establishments for boys, and 15 for girls; one Catholic daily paper, and 14 weekly and monthly publications.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/10683a.htm (4154 words)

	Family Origins - Naples
		In 1806 Naples was under French occupation, and the crown was assigned to Giuseppe Bonaparte.
		southwest of Rome, Naples is situated at the foot of Mount Vesuvius in the midst of a volcanic area at the rear of the Bay of Naples.
		Naples is one of the oldest European cities whose present-day urban fabric conserves the elements of its long history, Which was rich with events.
	www.depworld.com /origins/naples.htm (1956 words)

	Naples: (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		By the early 13th century, under Frederick II von Hohenstaufen, it was the most flourishing and progressive kingdom in Europe.
		But Frederick had run afoul of the popes, and shortly after his death the popes gave it to the Angevins, who confirmed their owndership on the battlefiled in 1266 and 1268.
		Naples was never firmly held by the French and for several generations after the Hundred Years War French armies periodically campaigned in Italy to get it back.
	www.hyw.com /books/history/Naples_.htm (524 words)

	Robert II of NAMUR , Count of Namur - Aymeric of NARBONNE , Viscount of Narbonne
		Ancestors of Andreas of NAPLES, Duke of Calabria
		\-Erzsebet of KUMANIEN Andreas of NAPLES, Duke of Calabria
		\-Beatrice of SAVOY, Countess of Savoy Eleanore of (Of Anjou) NAPLES
	freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.com /~dphaner/HTML/people/p00000qa.htm (2262 words)

	swabian
		The city of Naples was under strict military government during this period but here, too, the power of the clerics and the building of defences by barons gave all the signs that the city was preparing to challenge the King.
		Frederick's problems were worsened by the arrival on the scene of a new German Emperor, Otto of Brunswick, keen to exercise his rights in Italy and claiming the Sicilian Throne.
		Naples declared itself a free commune under the sovereignty of the Pope, and again the Francescans and Domenicans were at the forefront of the movement to resist the Swabians.
	faculty.ed.umuc.edu /~jmatthew/naples/swabian.html (1592 words)

	Pope Innocent IV
		Frederick at first greeted the elevation of a member of an imperialist family with joy; but it was soon clear that Innocent intended to carry on the traditions of his predecessors.
		Frederick retorted by announcing his intention of reducing "the clergy, especially the highest, to a state of apostolic poverty", and by ordaining the severest punishments for those priests who should obey the papal sentence.
		In Naples he fomented a conspiracy among the feudal lords, who were discontented with the centralized government established under the auspices of Frederick's chancellor, Piero della Vigna.
	www.nndb.com /people/176/000094891 (1464 words)

	CalendarHome.com - - Calendar Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		This policy brought Ferdinand I, King of Naples, into conflict with Alexander, who was also opposed by Cardinal della Rovere, whose candidature for the papacy had been backed by Ferdinand.
		As King Ferdinand I of Naples was threatening to come to the aid of the rightful duke Gian Galeazzo — the husband of his granddaughter Isabella — Alexander VI encouraged the French king in his scheme for the conquest of Naples.
		The war between France and Spain for the possession of Naples dragged on, and Alexander VI was forever intriguing, ready to ally himself with whichever power promised the most advantageous terms at any moment.
	encyclopedia.calendarhome.com /cgi-bin/encyclopedia.pl?p=Pope_Alexander_VI (4682 words)

	Naples, kingdom of. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		During her reign began the struggle for succession between Charles of Durazzo (later Charles III of Naples) and Louis of Anjou (Louis I of Naples).
		Meanwhile the Angevin claim to Naples had passed to the French crown with the death (1486) of René’s nephew, Charles of Maine.
		In 1798 Ferdinand IV and his queen, Marie Caroline, fled from the French Revolutionary army.
	www.bartleby.com /65/na/Naples-k.html (793 words)

	Index to royal Genealogical Data - ordered by forename - part 41
		Frederick IV of Austria, Duke of Austria Habsburg
		Frederick IV Palatinate, Elector of the Palatinate Wittelsbach, b.
		Frederick of Meissen and Thuringia, Margrave of Meis.
	www3.dcs.hull.ac.uk /genealogy/royal/gedFx41.html (1043 words)

	The Invisible Basilica: Frederick of Hohenstaufen
		Frederick II, although a Hohenstaufen like his grandfather, was born in Sicily and brought up under the influence of Norman, Byzantine and Muslim cultures.
		He attacked Frederick's positions in Italy, and Frederick was forced to leave Jerusalem to defend his Italian territories from the papal forces.
		It is sometimes said that Frederick the Great was the first to "shake the power of the Papacy," but this honor clearly belongs to Frederick II of Hohenstaufen.
	www.hermetic.com /sabazius/frederick.htm (563 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Pope Alexander IV
		Pope Alexander IV Pope from 1254-61 (Rinaldo Conti), of the house of
		On the death of Innocent IV, at Naples, 7 December, 1254, the aged Cardinal was unanimously chosen to succeed him.
		Alexander IV ruled the spiritual affairs of the Church with dignity and prudence.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/01287b.htm (617 words)

	AllRefer.com - Naples, kingdom of (Italian History) - Encyclopedia
		Refusing to give up their claim to Sicily, Charles and his successors warred with the house of AragOn, which held the island, until in 1373 Queen Joanna I of Naples formally renounced her claim.
		Meanwhile the Angevin claim to Naples had passed to the French crown with the death (1486) of RenE's nephew, Charles of Maine.
		The Treaties of Blois (1504–5) gave Naples and Sicily to Spain, which for two centuries ruled the two kingdoms through viceroys : one at Palermo, one at Naples.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/N/Naples-k.html (901 words)

	St Thomas Of Aquino
		He was received by his brethren in their arms, and carried with joy to Naples.
		The kingdom of Naples, after many pressing solicitations, obtained, in 1372, from the general chapter held at Toulouse, a bone of the other arm of St. Thomas.
		It was kept in the church of the Dominicans at Naples till 1603, when the city being delivered from a public calamity by his intercession, it was placed in the metropolitan church among the relics of the other patrons of the country.
	www.ewtn.com /library/MARY/AQUINO.htm (4433 words)

	Histoire de Naples au Moyen-age
		Naples n'était pas une ville marchande comme pouvaient l’être d'autres villes maritimes de Campanie comme Amalfi et Gaeta, mais a eu une flotte respectable qui a participé à la bataille d'Ostie contre les Sarrasins en 849.
		Quoi qu'il en soit Naples n'a pas hésité à s'allier avec des infidèles si ceci était à son avantage : en 836, par exemple, elle a demandé l'appui des Sarrasins afin de pousser outre du siège des troupes de Lombard venant du duché voisin de Bénévent (Benevento).
		Après la défaite du fils de Frederick, Manfred, à Naples en 1266, le royaume de la Sicile a été confié par le pape Clement IV à Charles de l'Anjou, qui a déplacé la capitale de Palerme à Naples.
	www.naples-napoli.org /histoire2.html (1037 words)

	Capri - wiki.allbarwniki.info (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Capri is in the region of Campania, Province of Naples.
		In 1496, Frederick IV of Naples established legal and administrative parity between the two settlements of Capri and Anacapri.
		Capri is served by frequent ferry and hydrofoil service to Naples and Sorrento, as well as many other boat services to the ports of the Gulf of Naples and the Sorrentine Peninsula.
	wiki.allbarwniki.info /link-Capri (1336 words)

	Around Naples in English
		Murat ruled Naples in the early 1800s.) Durante was primarily known as a composer of sacred music and was at mid-century the most respected teacher of music in Naples.
		It is a kind of character sketch of Ferdinand IV of Naples (who would shortly become Ferdinand I of the Kingdom of Two Sicilies) right after he had been restored to his throne after Napoleon's defeat and the subsequent Restoration mandated by the Congress of Vienna.
		Naples is a city that prides itself on coffee—nay, believes itself to be the sole arbiter of what sets a magnificent brew apart from the swill they serve in the rest of the world.
	faculty.ed.umuc.edu /~jmatthew/naples/newpage.html (15942 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: St. Thomas Aquinas
		Born at Rocca Secca in the Kingdom of Naples, 1225 or 1227; died at Fossa Nuova, 7 March, 1274.
		His family was related to the Emperors Henry VI and Frederick II, and to the Kings of Aragon, Castile, and France.
		At the instance of Theodora, Thomas's brothers, who were soldiers under the Emperor Frederick, captured the novice near the town of Aquapendente and confined him in the fortress of San Giovanni at Rocca Secca.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/14663b.htm (10036 words)

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