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Topic: Frederick IX

	Christian IX of Denmark - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Christian IX of Denmark (April 8, 1818 – January 29, 1906) was King of Denmark from November 15, 1863 to January 29, 1906.
		They were also heirs of Frederick III, through their one ancestress who was daughter of King Frederick V of Denmark, and they were a more junior agnatic heirs eligible to succeed in Schleswig- Holstein.
		In November 1863 Frederick of Augustenborg claimed the twin-duchies in succession after King Frederick VII of Denmark, who also was the Duke of Schleswig and Holstein, and who had died without a male heir.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Christian_IX_of_Denmark (1462 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Frederick II
		Frederick's sole desire was for peace in Germany, even if to secure this he had to make the greatest sacrifices; and for this reason, he granted to the ecclesiastical and temporal lords a series of privileges, which subsequently developed into the independent sovereignty of these princes.
		Frederick had also been obliged to acknowledge the pope as his overlord in Sicily, thus abandoning his father's cherished hopes of uniting Sicily with the imperial crown of Germany, though the attempts of the pope to entirely nullify this "personal union" were far from successful.
		Frederick had been forced to pledge himself to take part in a new crusade, for which inadequate preparations had been made by the pope, and the Council of Lateran (1215) fixed 1 June, 1216, as the time for beginning the crusade.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/06255a.htm (2264 words)

	Frederick IX of Denmark - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Frederick IX of Denmark (Christian Frederik Franz Michael Carl Valdemar Georg) (March 11, 1899 – January 14, 1972) was King of Denmark from April 20, 1947 until January 14, 1972.
		Frederick was educated at the Danish Naval Academy (breaking Danish royal tradition by choosing a naval instead of an army career) and the University of Copenhagen.
		On his passing in 1972, Frederick IX was buried outside Roskilde Cathedral near Copenhagen.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Frederick_IX_of_Denmark (259 words)

	My Family
		Frederick IX (King of Denmark) was born on 11 Mar 1899 in Sorgenfri (near Copenhagen), Denmark.
		Frederick of Hesse-Cassel (Landgrave) was born in 1747.
		Frederick VI of Hesse-Homburg (Landgrave) was born in 1769.
	sneakers.pair.com /roots/b11.htm (1240 words)

	History of the Christian Church
		Frederick II., the grandson of Frederick Barbarossa, was born near Ancona, 1194.
		Frederick was pursuing his own course, but to appease Honorius he renewed the pledge whereby Sicily was to remain a fief of the papal see.
		Frederick was equal to the emergency, and with the aid of his son Enzio checkmated the pope by a manoeuvre which, serious as it was for Gregory, cannot fail to appeal to the sense of the ludicrous.
	www.songsouponsea.com /Promenade/Schaff.html (5082 words)

	Frederick II, Holy Roman emperor and German king. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		Frederick returned in 1229 and signed (1230) the Treaty of San Germano, by which he was temporarily reconciled with the pope.
		Frederick issued a circular against the pope and seized most of the Papal States; in May, 1241, he captured a number of prelates en route from Genoa to a general council in Rome, and he was threatening Rome when Gregory died.
		Frederick II was one of the most arresting figures of the Middle Ages.
	www.bartleby.com /65/fr/Fred2HRE.html (1213 words)

	A History of the General Councils - AD 325 through AD 1870 - Mgr. Philip Hughes
		Frederick II grew up all but inevitably only half a western European, it might be thought; and even more orientalised by his own tastes than by the chance of the milieu where he was bred.
		Frederick replied like a Father of the Church, pained at the pope's lack of charity--"the pharisee who sits on the plague-stricken seat, anointed with the oil of wickedness." He makes a most dutiful profession of faith and retorts that the pope is a liar.
		Frederick retorted by an alliance with Pisa, and at the sea fight of La Meloria (May 4, 1241) the Pisan fleet defeated the Genoese and took prisoner two cardinal legates and a hundred bishops en route for the council.
	www.christusrex.org /www1/CDHN/coun14.html (4286 words)

	SBU Dept. of History & Political Science: HIS 1113 Lecture Twenty-nine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The marriage in 1186 of Frederick Barbarossa's son and heir, Henry VI, to Constance, the Norman heiress of the kingdom of southern Italy and Sicily, was a dynastic victory of the Holy Roman Emperor over the papacy.
		The child Frederick II inherited the rule of south Italy and Sicily from his parents, but was dominated and controlled by the papacy of Innocent III (1198-1216) for fourteen years while Germany was in civil war-between Welf and Waiblinger factions.
		Frederick II was crowned king in Sicily when his father died in 1197, king of Rome in 1212, king of the Germans in 1215, and Roman Emperor in 1220 by Pope Honorius III.
	www.sbuniv.edu /~hgallatin/hi13le29.html (4719 words)

	Hohenstaufen Family
		Frederick was raised in the court at Palermo until he took over the government at the age of fourteen.
		Frederick's relations with the Church began peacefully enough, with his former guardian Innocent III gaining him the throne of the Germans and Innocent's successor Honorius crowning him Holy Roman Emperor in 1220.
		Pope Gregory IX excommunicated Frederick, using as an excuse his procrastination in fulfilling a vow to go on crusade (this was prior to the crusade that made him King of Jerusalem).
	9sshohenstaufen.com /HohenFamily.html (865 words)

	boys clothing: European royalty -- Denmark (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Frederick was born in 1808 during the height of the Napoleonic era.
		Frederick was born in 1843, son of Christian IX, was born in Copenhagen and educated at Oxford University.
		Frederick the Crown Prince was born in 1898.
	histclo.hispeed.com /royal/den/royal-den.htm (1650 words)

	Christian IX of Denmark - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		He was born in Gottorp the fourth son of Friedrich Wilhelm, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg and Luise Caroline, Princess of Hesse-Kassel.
		Christian died peacefully of old age at 87 in Copenhagen and was buried at Roskilde, Denmark.
		Christian IX sought unsuccessfully, to prevent the spread of democracy throughout Denmark.
	www.secaucus.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Christian_IX_of_Denmark (1424 words)

	History of the Christian Church, Schaff, 1910 edition with power search.
		The earlier half of the period, 1216–1250, was filled with the gigantic struggle between the papacy and Frederick II., emperor of Germany and king of Sicily.
		The fall of Damietta,236 in 1221, was adapted to fire a sincere crusader’s zeal; but Frederick was too much engaged in pleasure and absorbed in his scheme for extending his power in Italy to give much attention to the rescue of the holy places.
		In his retort,249 not to be behind his antagonist in Scripture quotations, Frederick compared Gregory to the rider on the red horse who destroyed peace on the earth.
	www.bible.ca /history/philip-schaff/5_ch06.htm (9215 words)

	Articles - Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Christian IX's daughters, Alexandra of Denmark and Dagmar of Denmark (who became Maria Feodorovna), married Edward VII of the United Kingdom and Alexander III of Russia, respectively, meaning that by 1914, descendants of King Christian IX were nearly as prevalent on European thrones as those of Queen Victoria.
		Frederick VIII of Denmark (1843 - 1912, reigned 1906 - 1912).
		Frederick IX of Denmark (1899 - 1972, reigned 1947 - 1972).
	www.gaple.com /articles/Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Gl%C3%BCcksburg (684 words)

	Frederick Hohenstaufen (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Frederick of Hohenstaufen was born December 26, 1194.
		Henry died in 1197, leaving Frederick to become Emperor of the Germans at age two and King of Sicily at age three.
		Frederick's second wife, Yolanda of Brienne, was heiress to the Kingdom of Jerusalem.
	www.pitt.edu /~eflst4/Hohenstaufen.html (611 words)

	LJWorld Story
		Frederick said a boathouse is in the works, and facilities such as that for women are a priority for the department.
		Frederick and Schnose discussed issues of women in sports in America and at KU at a Thursday night panel discussion in honor of the February Sisters.
		Frederick, who served for five years on the NCAA's committee on women's athletics, prefaced his talk at the forum with statistics on the growth of high school girls' sports since the 1972 law.
	www.seekpeace.com /KUSRVC/jwStuff/jw23.html (1368 words)

	Bambooweb: Frederick vi of denmark.htm (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Frederick II of Denmark and Norway (38 bytes)
		Frederick was also the father of five illegitimate children by Else Hansen.
		3: * Frederick II of Austria (?-1246, duke of Austria 1230-1246) 4: * Frederick II, Margrave of Brandenburg (1413-1470, margrave 1440-1470) 5: * Frederick II of Denmark and Norway (1534-1588, king 1559-1588)
	www.bambooweb.com /utenriks/Frederick_VI_of_Denmark.htm (804 words)

	King Frederik IX conducts: Classical CD Reviews-August 2000 Music on the Web(UK) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Probably King Frederik IX of Denmark was unique in the annals of royal patronage, in extending his love of music to a passion for conducting, as his favourite pastime.
		Frederick the Great played the flute and was a decent composer and, of course, there is always King Porter who stomped a bit.
		His parents too loved music, and young Frederick followed their tastes in his passion for a limited selection of composers, of whom Beethoven and Wagner were favourites then and remained so throughout his life.
	www.musicweb-international.com /classrev/2000/aug00/king.htm (913 words)

	Christian History Handbook: Medieval: Lecture Twenty-one (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Frederick called a synod at Pavia that deposed, exiled and excommunicated Alexander III, replacing him with Victor IV (1159-1164).
		The marriage in 1186 of Frederick Barbarossa's son and heir, Henry VI, to Constance, the Norman heiress of the kingdom of southern Italy and Sicily, was a dynastic victory over the papacy.
		Manfred, Frederick II's illegitimate son, reconquered South Italy (1255) and Sicily (1256) after Conrad IV's death, but Pope Urban IV made Charles of Anjou (brother of French king, Louis IX) his vassal in 1262 and sent him to conquer Manfred.
	www.sbuniv.edu /~hgallatin/ht34632e21.html (2167 words)

	boys clothing: European royalty--Denmark: Frederick IX (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Frederick was the son and successor of King Christian X. King Christian X
		Frederick as a young man showed a great interest in the sea and the navy.
		Frederick began acting as regent for his aging father in 1942.
	histclo.hispeed.com /royal/den/royal-denf9.htm (1848 words)

	Frederick II (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Frederick II was the last of the important medieval emperors.
		Frederick grew up in Sicily as his mother was the daughter of the Norman King of Sicily.
		The court was full of educated Arabs and Frederick got a Muslim view of Christianity as well as a Christian view of Islam.
	www.hyperhistory.com /online_n2/people_n2/ppersons5_n2/frederick2.html (167 words)

	My Family
		Parents: Frederick of Hesse-Cassel (Landgrave) and Caroline of Nassau-Usingen (Princess).
		Frederick Louis HANOVER (Prince of Wales) and Augusta of Saxe-Gotha were married on 8 May 1736 in Chapel Royal, Saint James Palace, England.
		Augusta of Schleswig-Holstein was born on 22 Oct 1858 in Dolzig.
	sneakers.pair.com /roots/b4.htm (810 words)

	Bright Knight: Amy's FK Crusades Alignment
		Frederick will be called "the wonder of the world" for his intelligence, and "the baptized sultan" for his religious equivocation.
		Frederick marries Yolanda (aka Isabelle), daughter of King John of Jerusalem.
		In Jaffa, Emperor Frederick II and Egyptian Sultan el-Malik al-Kamil peacefully negotiate a landmark treaty granting the Crusaders rule of Jerusalem, Nazareth and Bethlehem, with Muslim access to holy sites guaranteed under Christian governance, as well as a ten-year truce, trading rights, and freedom for all prisoners on both sides.
	users.lmi.net /~akr/fk/timeline/crusades.htm (856 words)

	The Hohenzollern Dynasty (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Frederick William, the Great Elector (reigned 1640-88), obtained E Pomerania, the secularized bishoprics of Cammin, Minden, and Halberstadt, and the expectancy to Magdeburg upon the death of its administrator.
		Frederick William II (reigned 1786-97), Frederick William III (reigned 1797-1840), and Frederick William IV (reigned 1840-61) were mediocre rulers; their ministers were more important in the history of Prussia.
		He was succeeded by Frederick III (1888) and by William II (reigned 1888-1918), whose instability and ambition contributed to the involvement of Germany in World War I; his abdication ended the family's rule in Germany.
	www.antipas.org /news/europe/hohenzollerns.html (1172 words)

	Christian IX -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		The real successor to Philip Augustus, however, was his grandson, Louis IX (reigned 1226–70), in whose reign were fulfilled some of the grand tendencies of prior Capetian history.
		His eldest son and successor was Frederik IX, who had three daughters and signed a new constitution to provide for female succession to the throne.
		Frederick II of Sicily, emperor of Germany, freed Jerusalem by peaceful negotiation.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9082407?tocId=9082407 (738 words)

	History of the Christian Church, Volume V: The Middle Ages. A.D. 1049-1294. (ii.ix.x) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Its leader, Frederick II., had little of the crusading spirit, and certainly the experiences of his ancestors Konrad and Barbarossa were not adapted to encourage him.
		Taking advantage of the situation, Frederick concluded with Malik-al-Kameel a treaty which was to remain in force ten years and delivered up to the Christians Jerusalem with the exception of the mosque of Omar and the Temple area, Bethlehem, Nazareth, and the pilgrim route from Acre to Jerusalem.
		In any case, Frederick’s religion—whatever he had of religion—was not of a kind to flame forth in enthusiasm for a pious scheme in which sentiment formed a prevailing element.
	www.ccel.org /ccel/schaff/hcc5.ii.ix.x.html (1044 words)

	Frederick IX of Denmark - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Frederik IX of Denmark (Frederick Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glucksburg, March 11, 1899 – January 14, 1972) was King of Denmark from 1947 until 1972.
		Frederick was educated at the (breaking Danish royal tradition by choosing a naval instead of an army career) and the University of Copenhagen.
		He married Princess Ingrid of Sweden on May 24, 1935.
	marylandheights.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Frederick_IX_of_Denmark (212 words)

	Sixth Crusade
		At the Council of Ferentino in 1223, Frederick renewed his Crusader vow in the presence of the Pope, the King of Jerusalem (John of Brienne, at the time), and the Grand Masters of the Military Orders.
		Claiming provocation by Frederick's vicar in the Kingdom of Sicily, Gregory raised an army and launched an attack on the kingdom.
		Copyright © 1994-2000 Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., Gregory IX By virtue of the 1229 treaty, Jerusalem remained under the control of the Christians until 1244, when it was retaken by a Muslim alliance of the Khwarezmian Turks and the Egyptians.
	jmgainor.homestead.com /files/PU/Cru/6cr.htm (360 words)

	THE CHURCH IN CRISIS: Chapter
		This new pope was a man in the early fifties, vigorous, a practiced diplomatist and a born administrator, "the greatest lawyer that ever sat upon the chair of St. Peter."5 His personal contribution to the strong drink of Gregory IX's ideas about the Pope-State relation, was to make the draught still stronger.
		The pope is lord of all, in the temporal sphere no less than in the spiritual — the princes who rule the various states are, whether they know this or not, rulers by delegation from him to whom both swords were given.
		6 Frederick's attempts to treat with this personage broke down at the outset, for the pope's first condition was the release of the hundred bishops.
	www.freivald.org /~jake/theChurchInCrisis/thechurchincrisis_chapter13.html (4629 words)

	Moments in History #20 Frederick II Part II (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		By it Frederick did for his Italian kingdom what King Henry II had done for England fifty years earlier; centered power within the monarchy and through a Royal legal system, depriving nobles of these same powers that they had previously enjoyed.
		Of course, Frederick did father an illegitimate son, and the Pope’s accusation that he maintained a harem was true.
		Frederick was successful in his battles against the Lombard League cities, but peace didn’t eventuate.
	www.users.bigpond.com /billmastermind/Set2/moments20.htm (1092 words)

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