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Topic: Frederick Jackson Turner

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	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Frederick Jackson Turner
		Frederick Jackson Turner (November 14, 1861–1932) was an American historian.
		Born in Portage, Wisconsin, Turner graduated from the University of Wisconsin in 1884 and gained his Ph.D. from Johns Hopkins University in 1890.
		Frederick Jackson Turner is best remembered today for his "Frontier Thesis", which he first publicized on July 12, 1893 in a paper read in Chicago to the American Historical Association, during the Chicago World's Fair.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Frederick_Jackson_Turner (161 words)

	Frederick Jackson Turner
		Frederick Jackson Turner was born in Portage, Wisconsin, on November 14, 1861, the oldest of three children born to a family whose lineage could be traced back to English Puritans from the seventeenth century.
		With his announcement of the "closing" of the frontier, moreover, Turner implied that the nation would be forced to undergo a painful transition, from a perception of America as a land of endless boundaries, to one which required Americans to accept that their nation was finally a closed-space world, replete with the limitations inherent therein.
		Turner's thesis was not especially well received initially; on the contrary, many of his contemporaries could not let go of the reified idea that America's various political and social institutions germinated in pre-colonial England and, before that, in medieval Germany.
	www.bgsu.edu /departments/acs/1890s/turner/turner.html (543 words)

	PBS - THE WEST - Frederick Jackson Turner
		Turner was born in Portage, Wisconsin, in 1861.
		Turner's essay reached triumphalist heights in his belief that the promotion of individualistic democracy was the most important effect of the frontier.
		Where Turner told the triumphalist story of the frontier's promotion of a distinctly American democracy, many of his critics have argued that precisely the opposite was the case.
	www.pbs.org /weta/thewest/people/s_z/turner.htm (1225 words)

	Frontier Thesis - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Frontier Thesis or Turner Thesis is the conclusion of Frederick Jackson Turner that the wellsprings of American exceptionalism and vitality have always been the American frontier, the region between urbanized, civilized society and the untamed wilderness.
		Turner set up an evolutionary model (he had studied evolution with a leading geologist), using the time dimension of American history, and the geographical space of the land that became the United States.
		The Canadian political thinker Charles Blattberg has developed an interesting contrast between the American frontier process as described by Turner and the notion that, in Canada, settlement is best described as having involved the moving of a "border" from east to west.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Turner_Thesis (771 words)

	History:Historians At Work: Does the Frontier Experience Make America Exceptional?
		Frederick Jackson Turner, a thirty-one-year-old history professor at the University of Wisconsin, appeared before the annual meeting of the American Historical Association to deliver a paper, "The Significance of the Frontier in American History." On that hot and humid July eveningÖthe young historian presented what became the most significant essay about American history.
		Turner told his fellow historians, first of all, that they had to shift their focusÖ.Like a good drill sergeant, Turner told his troops to do an about-face: They should turn away from Europe toward a westward-moving frontier.
		Turner pointed to several important factors that he saw arising from unique frontier experience: a "composite nationality," which others would later call a melting pot; the "growth of democracy"; an independent individualism; and economic and physical mobility.
	www.bedfordstmartins.com /history/series/hw/frontier/frontier.htm (783 words)

	From Revolution to Reconstruction: Essays: Progressive Historiography of the American War for Independence: Frederick ...
		But it is important to remember that Turner defines the Jamestown of Captain John Smith in 1607 as the frontier in its initial stage.
		It is more important at this point to continue with the discussion of Turner's examination of the war as it relates to his frontier thesis.
		Fifth, the frontier by its very nature reflected a contest between the privileged and the non-privileged; Turner maintains that this dichotomy was more in evidence outside New England and was more of a democratic revolution outside that region than inside (Turner 1920, 106-111).
	odur.let.rug.nl /~usa/E/progr_histo/histo02.htm (549 words)

	Frederick Jackson Turner: An Examination of His "Frontier Thesis" and American History
		Finally, Turner's characterization of the frontier as a purely western and English phenomenon completely ignores the frontier faced by the French colonists on their western and southern borders, as well as the northern frontier of English colonies like New York and Massachusetts.
		Turner's dismissal of the First Nations as an important element in early American history is never explicitly stated.
		In Turner's thesis, the American frontier is portrayed as the line between settled and Indian lands, which runs roughly north to south and which continually recedes westward.
	www.bluecorncomics.com /markwibe.htm (1597 words)

	Frederick Jackson Turner, The Frontier Thesis (1893)
		Frederick Jackson Turner's essay, "The Significance of the Frontier in American History," written in 1893, is perhaps the most influential essay ever read at the American Historical Association's annual conference.
		4) Turner is often identified as a "Progressive" historian, meaning that he views history as the inevitable process from chaos to improvement, with the underlying assumption that change is usually for the better.
		Frederick Jackson Turner's AHA Presidential Address, "Social Forces in American History," December 28, 1910; from the American Historical Review, Volume 16, No. 2, p.
	scholar.library.csi.cuny.edu /dept/history/lavender/frontier.html (601 words)

	Ian Barron / Frederick Jackson Turner
		Frederick Jackson Turner continues to receive the credit for developing "the frontier thesis" -- namely, that the availability of land was what Bob Clancy summarised as "the cutting edge of American civilization and determined its democracy, its individualism, its culture."[1]
		Turner is credited with chronicling the closing of the frontier.
		Turner received the credit for this thesis: but Henry George had planted the intellectual seeds.
	www.cooperativeindividualism.org /barron_ian_on_frederick_jackson_turner.html (566 words)

	Turner, Frederick Jackson on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Beating a dead horse?: the continuing presence of Frederick Jackson Turner in environmental and western history.
		The literary frontier--Frederick Jackson Turner's "froniter thesis" as a thematic element of narrative.(Critical Essay)
		Missouri's Confederate: Claiborne Fox Jackson and the Creation of Southern Identity in the Border West.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/T/Turner-F1.asp (491 words)

	Science Alliance —
		Billington argues that Turner was reading widely enough in preparation for his extension lectures that he probably was beginning to tinker with the broad parameters of his frontier thesis and that he was considering the influence of the environment and free land on colonization and settlement.
		[28] Curti and Carstensen, The University of Wisconsin, Vol I, 728-731; Frederick M. Rosentreter, The Boundaries of the Campus: A History of the University of Wisconsin Extension Division, 1885-1945 (Madison: The University of Wisconsin Press, 1957), 28-42; Billington, Frederick Jackson Turner, 97, 100.
		I, 728-731, and Rosentreter, The Boundaries of the Campus, 28-42; Billington, Frederick Jackson Turner, 100.
	www.biotech.wisc.edu /outreach/alliance/vofootnotes.html (1292 words)

	Rugged Individualism: Frederick Jackson Turner and the Frontier Thesis - Forrest McDonald
		Turner's frontier hypothesis was a radical departure from the conventional wisdom of the age.
		For quite some time the prevailing view, at least among intellectuals, had been that the essential qualities of Americanness (most notably the Americans' spirit of enterprise and their capacity for self-government) were legacies from the Old World, specifically from their English forebears and, before that, from the ancient Anglo-Saxons.
		Turner challenged this "germ theory" - so called because it postulated that American institutions were the product of European seeds planted in New World soil - both as to the origins and as to the content of what was truly American.
	www.worldandi.com /specialreport/1990/May/Sa18050.htm (343 words)

	Frederick Jackson Turner and the Closing of the American Frontier
		Frederick Jackson Turner delivered a paper containing the seminal ideas of frontier theory before a meeting of the American Historical Society at the University of Wisconsin in 1893.
		According to Turner, it was not legal tradition, not place of origin, not religious creed, not race that made Americans inquisitive, practical, inventive, restless, individualistic and indomitably free.
		Frederick Jackson Turner introduced us to the idea that America had become another name for opportunity because of its frontier.
	www.suite101.com /article.cfm/frontier_theory/9259 (686 words)

	Turner: The Significance of the Frontier (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		In "The Frontier in American History," Frederick Jackson Turner, a past professor of American history at the University of Wisconsin and Harvard University, argues that American democracy and Americanism were made in the West.
		Frederick Jackson Turner illustrates how many of the conflicts between Eastern and Western ideals the West won, because it was the frontier always which was creating the new race of Americans.
		The West, Turner contends, created the type of many who is the American race, not a transatlantic European, but something entirely different from all other races.
	www.otal.umd.edu /amst/Research/cultland/annotations/Turner1.html (194 words)

	The Frontier In American History: Chapter I
		His bill for that purpose passed both Houses of Congress, but was vetoed by President Jackson, who, in his annual message of December, 1832, formally recommended that all public lands should be gratuitously given away to individual adventurers and to the States in which the lands are situated.
		The rise of democracy as an effective force in the nation came in with western preponderance under Jackson and William Henry Harrison, and it meant the triumph of the frontier-- with all of its good and with all of its evil elements.
		Turner, "Character and Influence of the Indian Trade in Wisconsin" (Johns Hopkins University Studies, Series ix), pp.
	xroads.virginia.edu /~HYPER/TURNER/chapter1.html (9635 words)

	WER: Frederick J. Turner / The Significance of the Frontier in American History
		Born in Portage, Wisconsin, in 1861, Frederick J. Turner was graduated from the State University in 1884, and six years later he received his Ph.
		But one thing was certain: that was that he would be asked a question, and when that question came it was best, from every point of view, to be able to do good, clear, straight thinking, based on a fund of religiously acquired information.
		Perhaps that is not the least important reason why the article from which a selection is here made created as profound a change in the general attitude toward American history as any single word on that subject that has ever been spoken.
	www.library.wisc.edu /etext/WIReader/WER0750.html (1087 words)

	TURNER, FREDERICK JACKSON. The Columbia Encyclopedia: Sixth Edition. 2000 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		It supplied a large part of a generation of historians with a theme to investigate.
		Turner’s ideas are now generally incorporated in some form in most American history texts; although a historical controversy has raged for decades over the validity of his frontier thesis, few critics reject it entirely.
		The address and various short papers were reprinted in The Frontier in American History (1920).
	www.bartleby.com /aol/65/tu/Turner-F.html (251 words)

	"The Significance of the Frontier in American History," Frederick Jackson Turner
		Frederick Jackson Turner, "The Significance of the Frontier in American History"
		Historian Frederick Jackson Turner presented this paper to a special meeting of the American Historical Association at the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago, Illinois.
		In this connection may be mentioned the importance of the frontier, from that day to this, as a military training school, keeping alive the power of resistance to aggression, and developing the stalwart and rugged qualities of the frontiersman.
	www.learner.org /channel/workshops/primarysources/corporations/docs/turner.html (3388 words)

	Frederick Jackson Turner / Biography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Born in Portage, Wisconsin, Turner spent most of his early adult life at the University of Wisconsin.
		In 1893, Turner presented his famous paper, "The Significance of the Frontier in American History," at the World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago.
		His books included Rise of the New West (1906), The Frontier in American History (1920) and The Significance of Sections in American History (1932), which was awarded a Pulitzer Prize the year after Turner's death.
	www.cooperativeindividualism.org /turnerbio.html (158 words)

	EDSITEment - Lesson Plan
		Communicating the heroic, common-man image of Andrew Jackson was central to the campaign of 1828.
		Since Frederick Jackson Turner published his text The Frontier in American History in 1893, historians have wondered about the effect of the frontier on American politics and the American psyche, and the effect of the frontier persona on the election of 1828.
		Then, if desired, read the brief excerpts about Jackson in the handout "From The Frontier in American History by Frederick Jackson Turner" on page 6 of the PDF file (see Preparing to Teach This Curriculum Unit for download instructions).
	edsitement.neh.gov /view_lesson_plan.asp?id=542 (1668 words)

	AllRefer.com - Frederick Jackson Turner (Historians, U.S., Biography) - Encyclopedia
		Portage, Wis. He taught at the Univ. of Wisconsin from 1885 to 1910 except for a year spent in graduate study at Johns Hopkins Univ. From 1910 to 1924 he taught at Harvard, and later he was research associate at the Henry E. Huntington Library.
		1969); R. Hofstadter, Progressive Historians (1968); R. Billington, Frederick Jackson Turner (1973).
		More articles from AllRefer Reference on Frederick Jackson Turner
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/T/Turner-F.html (375 words)

	Jackson, Frederick George on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Jackson proved that Franz Josef Land was an archipelago, not a continent as had been suspected.
		Frederick M. Brown Getty Images 03-02-2003 LOS ANGELES - MARCH 2: Director George Lucas and actor/producer Samuel L. Jackson pose backstage at the 14th Annual Producers Guild Awards at the Century Plaza Hotel on March 2, 2003 in Los Angeles, California.
		Frederick M. Brown Getty Images 06-29-2004 HOLLYWOOD - JUNE 29: American Idol finalists LaToya Jackson, George Huff and Jennifer Hudson attends the 2004 Black Entertainment Awards held at the Kodak Theatre on June 29, 2004 in Hollywood, California.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/J/JacksoF1G1.asp (990 words)

	Frederick Jackson Turner -- Britannica Student Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Turner's frontier thesis has proved to be one of...
		On July 12, 1893, Frederick Jackson Turner, one of the most eminent of American historians, read a paper entitled “The Significance of the Frontier in American History” to a meeting of the American Historical Association at the World's Columbian Exhibition in Chicago.
		Jackson is located on the Pearl River, with New Orleans, La., 171 miles (275 kilometers) to the south and Vicksburg 41 miles (66 kilometers) to the west.
	www.britannica.com /ebi/article-9277467 (753 words)

	The Indian West: The West as Home
		In his "Second Annual Message," President Jackson argues that removing the Indians in the Southern states to reservations in Oklahoma is good for the Indians, White settlers, and good for the Southern states.
		Jackson seems to think that sending Indians to reservations is comparable to white settlers settling in the West.
		In response to President Jackson's argument for Indian removal, John Ross and the leaders of the Cherokee Indian nation that was threatened with removal tried to argue their case before Congress and the American people for Indian's rights to their land, culture, and way of life.
	www.colorado.edu /AmStudies/lewis/west/indi.htm (4567 words)

	H-Net Review: Albert L. Hurtado on Frederick Jackson Turner: Strange Roads Going Down
		Turner's early work, especially his famous essay on the frontier, and his ambitious development of the history program in the University of Wisconsin, soon made him one of the leading scholars of the day.
		Turner seemed to believe that he worked best at "white heat," brief periods of intense work when deadlines were nigh.
		Turner's health was not robust, but he always made time to take many weeks in the summer to improve his fly casting on mountain streams, teach summer school, and travel.
	www.h-net.org /reviews/showrev.cgi?path=3461927906901 (1184 words)

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