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Topic: Frederick Lindemann

	Frederick Lindemann, 1st Viscount Cherwell - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Frederick was born in Baden-Baden in Germany where his mother, Olga Noble the widow of a wealthy banker, was taking "the cure".
		In 1919 Lindemann was appointed professor of experimental philosophy at Oxford University and director of the Clarendon Laboratory, largely on the recommendataion of Henry Tizard who had been a colleague in Berlin.
		Throughout the war Lindemann played a key part in the battle of the beams, providing insight on how the Germans were using radio navigation to increase the precision of their bombing campaigns.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Frederick_Lindemann,_1st_Viscount_Cherwell (1022 words)

	The Hindu : Churchill's confidant
		Lindemann's heightened patriotism to Britain and disdain for others may have been a reaction to the doubts easily aroused about his own foreignness and loyalty.
		Frederick Lindemann himself was born in Germany, where his parents were living at the time, and later trained as a physicist in that country.
		Adolf Lindemann became a naturalised Englishman only when his sons, who would inherit their father's citizenship, were of an age that they could be conscripted into the German Army.
	www.hindu.com /br/2004/02/10/stories/2004021000961600.htm (892 words)

	Frederick Lindemann
		Frederick Lindemann was born in Baden-Baden in 1886.
		After the war Lindemann was appointed professor of experimental philosophy at Oxford University and director of the Clarendon laboratory.
		Lindemann, a close friend of Winston Churchill, became the British governments leading scientific adviser during the Second World War.
	www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk /2WWlindemann.htm (866 words)

	Books \| 'I must have Prof!'
		With only six students on the course it was scarcely a taxing job, and Lindemann - though apparently heterosexual - adopted the leisurely donnish life of what used to be called a confirmed bachelor, supported by a Jeeves-like (married) assistant who became his chauffeur, typist, researcher, nanny and factotum.
		Lindemann's disagreeable traits may partly have been the result of an Oxford-induced inferiority complex.
		Whether the rearmament cause was helped or hindered by Lindemann's championship of it remains, however, a moot point - according to his biographer, he so alienated Sir Henry Tizard's Committee for the Scientific Survey of Air Defence with his crackpot schemes that the committee was dissolved and reconstituted without him.
	books.guardian.co.uk /print/0,,4781333-99942,00.html (960 words)

	Telegraph \| Entertainment
		His regard for Lindemann's integrity and formidable intellect made Lindemann, during the Second World War, one of the most influential men in Britain, widely seen as Churchill's éminence grise.
		It can't have helped that, in addition to being remarkably clever (Oxford professor of physics in his early thirties), Lindemann was extremely rich and a superb athlete, playing tennis at international level in the years before the First World War.
		His statistical analysis of the effects of "precision" bombing was largely responsible for the adoption of strategic area bombing of centres of population; and his promotion of atomic research - after initial scepticism - was an important factor in Britain's subsequent membership of the nuclear club.
	www.telegraph.co.uk /arts/main.jhtml?xml=/arts/2003/11/02/bofor02.xml (741 words)

	Julius Lindemann
		Given the limited number of Lindemann who emigrated from Brunswick, the age, the fact that Julius was born in Bettmar, the common use of Johann as a name that was given at baptism but not used subsequently, the date of emigration, and the destination, the above record was surely the emigration record for Julius Lindemann.
		The grave of Amelia Lindeman and Julius Lindemann is unmarked.
		Lindemann born February 7, 1866, the daughter of Julius Lindermann of Bettmar, Braunschweig, and Catherine nee Furst, born Aschaffenburg, Bavaria, was baptized on April 8, 1866, address 216 2 Ave., at the Rivington German Presbyterian Church, sponsor, Sophia Furst.
	www.maggieblanck.com /Goehle/Julius.html (3743 words)

	Lindemann, Frederick Alexander (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Lindemann (1886-1957, created Baron Cherwell in 1941 and Viscount in 1956), "The Prof.", was educated at the Real-Gymnasium then at the Hochschule in Darmstadt and, finally, at the Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut in Berlin, where he obtained his PhD in 1910.
		During the war he was an experimental pilot and director of the Physical Laboratory of the Royal Aircraft Factory at Farnborough; in 1919 he was elected Dr Lee's professor of experimental philosophy (i.e.
		In 1921 Lindemann was also elected to a Studentship at Christ Church, where he lived from 1922, becoming Harrod's companion of long nights of discussions.
	economia.unipv.it /harrod/edition/editionstuff/rfh.4c4.htm (246 words)

	Scotland on Sunday - Review - A beautiful mind and a prime minister's ear (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Churchill had Frederick Lindemann, a scientific genius whose brusque manner, German origins and sheer power made him an object of suspicion and envy.
		His mother was an heiress, so Frederick was born in 1886 to a life of affluence.
		Lindemann felt the need to be more English than the English, and more cultured than the historians and linguists who decried science at the high table of his Oxford college.
	scotlandonsunday.scotsman.com /review.cfm?id=1207652003 (530 words)

	Frederick Alexander Lindemann - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Lindemann, Frederick Alexander (Viscount Cherwell), 1886-1957, British physicist and government official.
		Lindemann was scientific adviser to Winston Churchill during World War II, serving also as paymaster general from 1942 to 1945 and again from 1951 to 1953.
		He developed Clarendon Laboratory, Oxford, into a major research facility, and he was an important influence in the founding of the United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-lindeman.html (228 words)

	[No title]
		The 2 CONC children of the family were as follows: Joseph; Frederick; Henery, who is 2 CONC the father of Honerable J.F. Lindemann, of Delphos; Frank, a leading 2 CONC farmer of Washingtion township; and Mrs.
		By a second marriage Frederick Lindemann had 13 2 CONC children, and was altogether the father of 18 children.
		Lindemann with his family cast his lot 2 CONC in the forest and in course of time his labor was rewarded with a 2 CONC productive farm.
	home.cinci.rr.com /jleupen/lindeman.ged (2527 words)

	Lindemann Electrometers (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Its virtues include its small size, relative ease of use, and the fact that it can operate in any orientation.
		The Lindemann electrometer is essentially a quadrant electrometer.
		The Lindemann electrometer is also capable of measuring currents in the 10
	www.orau.org /ptp/collection/electrometers/Lindemannelectrometers.htm (285 words)

	Henry Tizard Summary
		Lindemann, a fellow chemistry student, was the son of an Alsatian who had become a naturalized Briton.
		Lindemann soon joined the committee, urging study of aerial mines and balloon intercepts, which Tizard believed were unlikely to be of much use.
		Political rivalry with Lindemann and frustration with the government's inability to set clear priorities and lines of authority led Tizard to curtail his active government service in the last years of the war.
	www.bookrags.com /Henry_Tizard (1757 words)

	Adrian Fort CV at PFD
		Frederick Lindemann, Viscount Cherwell, is one of the most influential yet least-known figures of the twentieth century.
		Lindemann - or "Prof" as he was widely known - was raised in Devon and educated in Berlin and Paris.
		During the 1930s Lindemann campaigned strenuously against appeasement and moved to the centre of policy-making when he joined the Cabinet.
	www.pfd.co.uk /clients/forta/b-aut.html (642 words)

	Atomic Bomb: Decision -- Groves Seeks Evidence, July 4, 1945
		On July 4, 1945, Groves wrote to Frederick Lindemann, Lord Cherwell.
		Lindemann, who was Winston Churchill's science advisor, had known of Szilard's ideas on the nuclear chain reaction long before the discovery of fission.
		Lindemann's reply, and his attached account of the meeting, also are reproduced here in full.
	www.dannen.com /decision/lrg-fal.html (575 words)

	Frederick Lindemann - Wikimedia Commons
		Deutsch: Frederick Alexander Lindemann (1886 – 1957) war ein britischer Physiker und Beamter deutscher Herkunft.
		English: Frederick Alexander Lindemann, 1st Viscount Cherwell (1886 – 1957) was an English physicist who became an influential scientific adviser to the British government and a close associate of Winston Churchill.
		Norsk (bokmål): Frederick Alexander Lindemann (1887 – 1957) var en tysk-britisk fysiker med god kontakt til Winston Churchills regjering.
	commons.wikimedia.org /wiki/Frederick_Lindemann (105 words)

	Fourmilog: None Dare Call It Reason: March 2005 Archives
		Frederick Lindemann is best known as Winston Churchill's scientific advisor in the years prior to and during World War II.
		Lindemann was a world class tennis champion and expert golfer and squash player, as well as a virtuoso on the piano.
		Lindemann finally sat in Parliament, in the House of Lords, after being made Lord Cherwell in 1941, and joined the Cabinet in 1942 and became a Privy Counsellor in 1943.
	www.fourmilab.ch /fourmilog/archives/Monthly/2005/2005-03.html (4852 words)

	Professor Frederick Lindemann to Winston Churchill, December 30, 1931, Churchill and the Great Republic (A Library of ...
		Professor Frederick Lindemann to Winston Churchill, December 30, 1931
		In a telegram he had asked his friend, Oxford University physicist Professor Frederick Lindemann, to calculate the precise force of the impact.
		In this telegram, sent in reply to Churchill's inquiry, Professor Frederick Lindemann estimated the force of the impact of the car that hit him as being equivalent to two charges of buckshot fired point blank.
	www.loc.gov /exhibits/churchill/interactive/_html/wc0090.html (138 words)

	Making the Modern World - Frederick Lindemann (Lord Cherwell)
		Frederick Lindemann, 'The Prof', was the son of an Alsace businessman and an Anglo-American mother.
		During the First World War Lindemann returned to Britain, joined the Royal Aircraft Establishment, Farnborough and, having learned to fly, took part in the scientific testing of aircraft.
		The association was surprising to many for Lindemann was a precise, austere, teetotal vegetarian but 'The Prof' remained Churchill's trusted personal scientific adviser throughout the war.
	www.makingthemodernworld.org.uk /people/BG.0068 (246 words)

	A Brief History of Magnetospheric Physics Before the Spaceflight Era
		Sidney Chapman, a relative newcomer to the field of geomagnetism who was apparently unaware of Schuster's work, again raised the idea of solar electron streams in a 1918 paper on magnetic storms [Chapman, 1918; Akasofu et al.
		He was pounced upon by Frederick Lindemann, Oxford professor of physics (Lord Cherwell, Winston Churchill's controversial World War II science adviser), who pointed out that the negative charge accumulated on the Earth would disrupt the process [Lindemann, 1919].
		Lindemann then suggested that any cloud or stream expelled from the Sun would have to be electrically neutral, containing equal charge from ions and electrons.
	www-istp.gsfc.nasa.gov /Education/bh1-3.html (1547 words)

	R. V. Jones
		Later he studied physics at Oxford University where he worked with worked with Frederick Lindemann.
		After the war Jones was professor of Natural Philosophy at the University of Aberdeen (1946-1981).
		Lindemann pointed out to me that the world was heading towards dictatorships, with Stalin in Russia, Mussolini in Italy, Hitler in Germany; and Roosevelt had just won the Presidential Election in America.
	www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk /2WWjonesRV.htm (947 words)

	OBITUARY: Sir Donald MacDougall Independent, The (London) - Find Articles
		His travels to Europe had left MacDougall in no doubt as to what lay ahead on the international scene, and with the outbreak of war he was drafted by Lindemann ("the Prof") and Harrod into the First Lord of the Admiralty's Statistical Branch.
		For a 26-year-old economist, this was a heady first taste of official life at a crucial turning point of British history.
		His lectures, mainly to mature ex-servicemen, who were concerned with real issues, such as Britain's foreign-trade problem, on which MacDougall became an expert, rather than economic theory, were immensely popular and, when he lectured in Wadham Hall, even the gallery was filled to overflowing.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qn4158/is_20040323/ai_n12775103 (930 words)

	Times obituary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Alerted by this experience to the Nazi menace, he became close to Frederick Lindemann (later Lord Cherwell), who was then at Christ Church and subsequently became Churchill's scientific adviser during the war, and his pupil R.V.Jones, later a wartime scientific intelligence expert.
		Later, when war broke out, he was -through his connection with Lindemann and Jones seconded to work in scientific intelligence at the Air Ministry in London.
		Some are so otherworldly as to conform to the stereotype views of the man in the street towards mathematicians, and in particular make poor administrators.
	www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk /~history/Obits2/Wright.html (941 words)

	Today in History - January 12
		He was chairman of the Madison Circuit of the Norwegian Lutheran Church from 1897 to 1912.
		The son of J. Lindemann, former president of the Missouri Synod teachers seminary at Addison, Illinois, Frederick was educated at Concordia Seminary (Saint Louis).
		He served as pastor at Decorah, Iowa; Champaign, Illinois; Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Boston, Massachusetts; and Fort Wayne, Indiana, before serving as a professor at the Addison school from 1893 to 1907.
	chi.lcms.org /history/tih0112.htm (1274 words)

	ScienceWeek
		2) Lindemann proposed that melting is caused by vibrational instability in the crystal lattice.
		Born, on the other hand, proposed that a "rigidity catastrophe" occurs, the catastrophe determining the melting temperature within the bulk crystal: the crystal no longer has sufficient rigidity to withstand melting, so this process is often called "mechanical melting".
		2001 87:055703) have reported a molecular dynamics simulation that demonstrates that as a crystal is heated, melting is triggered by instabilities governed simultaneously by the Lindemann and Born criteria.
	scienceweek.com /2004/sa040109-2.htm (709 words)

	The New York Review of Books: GETTING OUT OF A SPIN
		In the matter of Frederick Lindemann's Great War spinning studies, however, I'm afraid it is Sir Rudolf who has misunderstood.
		About this period also the spin became a recognized manoeuvre in air fighting, and had a considerable value as a method of losing height rapidly or shaking off an opponent who had gained an advantageous position.
		Evidently Richard Rhodes was right about Lindemann and the spinning aircraft, and I was wrong, relying on "plausible" sources.
	www.nybooks.com /articles/4516 (406 words)

	1,046 Bombers but Cologne Lived
		The only avenue for such an offensive at that time being the air, the British Bomber Command was directed early in 1942 to concentrate its operations "on the morale of the enemy civil population, and in particular on industrial workers."
		Churchill's decision to concentrate the air war on German cities was made on the advice of his scientific adviser, Frederick Lindemann, who was German-born.
		Lord Cherwell, as he was titled in 1942, told Churchill that every ton of bombs dropped on Germany, in his estimation, would make 100 to 200 people homeless.
	www.iht.com /articles/1992/06/02/edma.php (990 words)

	AllRefer.com - Frederick Alexander Lindemann (Physics, Biography) - Encyclopedia
		AllRefer.com - Frederick Alexander Lindemann (Physics, Biography) - Encyclopedia
		You are here : AllRefer.com > Reference > Encyclopedia > Physics, Biographies > Frederick Alexander Lindemann
		Frederick Alexander Lindemann (Viscount Cherwell)[lin´dumun, chAr´wel] Pronunciation Key, 1886–1957, British physicist and government official.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/L/Lindeman.html (227 words)

	Winston Churchill to Professor Frederick Lindemann, December 24, 1931, Churchill and the Great Republic (A Library of ...
		Winston Churchill to Professor Frederick Lindemann, December 24, 1931, Churchill and the Great Republic (A Library of Congress Interactive Exhibition, Text Version)
		Winston Churchill to Professor Frederick Lindemann, December 24, 1931
		Here he asks his friend, Oxford University physicist Professor Frederick Lindemann, to calculate the precise force of the impact.
	www.loc.gov /exhibits/churchill/interactive/_html/wc0089.html (111 words)

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