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	Frederick Scott Archer
		Frederick Scott Archer made what was, arguably, one of the most important contributions to the development of photography in the first twenty years of its existence.
		Archer is recognised as the inventor of the wet-plate process because he understood the significance of collodion as a photographic binder and was the first to put together a workable method and publish it.
		In May 2 of 1857, Archer died penniless and was interred in Kensal Green Cemetery, London.
	www.dunniway.com /archer (1547 words)

	Archer - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Archer, William (1856-1924), Scottish playwright and drama critic, born in Perth.
		Archer, Thomas (1668?-1743), English architect, who, along with Nicholas Hawksmoor and Sir John Vanbrugh, was among the leading practitioners of...
		Archer, Frederick (1857–1886), British jockey, who rode 2748 winners in 8084 races between 1870 and 1886, including 21 classic winners.
	ca.encarta.msn.com /Archer.html (85 words)

	Archer Frederick Scott - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Archer, Frederick Scott (1813-1857), English photographer, the inventor of the first practical method of producing copies of a photograph.
		Archer, Frederick (1857–1886), British jockey, who rode 2748 winners in 8084 races between 1870 and 1886, including 21 classic winners.
		Archer (surname) Anne Archer, American actress; Frederick Scott Archer British pioneer of photography; Geoffrey Archer, British author of military thrillers; Gleason Archer, Sr.
	encarta.msn.com /Archer_Frederick_Scott.html (209 words)

	Frederick Scott Archer - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Frederick Scott Archer (1813-1857) invented the photographic collodion process which preceded the modern gelatin emulsion.
		Scott Archer was the son of a butcher who went to London to take an apprenticeship as a silversmith.
		Dissatisfied with the poor definition and contrast of the calotype and the long exposures needed, Scott Archer invented the new process in 1848 and published it in 'The Chemist' in March 1851, enabling photographers to combine the fine detail of the daguerreotype with the ability to print multiple paper copies like the calotype.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Frederick_Scott_Archer (257 words)

	Inductee Biographies (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Known as the inventor of the first practical photographic process to be both sharp and easily reproducible, Frederick Scott Archer was born in England.
		Though Archer was trained in the calotype process, he was unsatisfied with the texture and unevenness of the paper negative.
		Archer delayed publishing his process until his results were consistent.
	www.iphf.org /inductees/FSArcher.htm (331 words)

	Jonathan Archer - Memory Alpha (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Archer and Daniels were able to repair the timeline, but Archer managed to learn that he was vital to the creation of a "United Federation of Planets" in the future.
		Archer suffered a mild concussion from an encounter with a spatial anomaly in October of 2153.
		Archer briefly thought of pursuing a relationship with his own science officer when he realized he was attracted to her in 2152.
	memory-alpha.org /en/wiki/Jonathan_Archer (5699 words)

	Frederick Scott Archer - Bishop's Stortford and Thorley - A History and Guide
		One name that certainly won't spring to mind is Frederick Scott Archer, born the son of a Bishop's Stortford butcher in 1813 and, arguably, the man responsible for bringing photography to the masses.
		Just in case Archer should have second thoughts about applying for a patent, Henry Fox Talbot immediately claimed that any modification of his calotype process was covered by his own patent and issued public warnings that anyone found using the collodion process without first obtaining a licence from him, would be sued.
		Had Scott Archer patented his discovery he would most certainly have been a very rich man, but in the event he died penniless in May 1857, aged just 44, and was laid to rest in a paupers' grave in Kensal Green Cemetery, London.
	www.stortfordhistory.co.uk /guide14/frederick_archer.html (2082 words)

	“Portrait of an Era” Glass Plate Negative Collection
		An Englishman, Frederick Scott Archer, produced the first usable glass photographic negatives in 1848, and made his secret public in 1851.
		Archer was only one of many unsung tinkerers who struggled to improve on the astonishing inventions of Niepce, Daguerre, and Talbot, who independently discovered the first photographic processes between 1826 and 1839.
		Archer’s refinement, known as the wet collodion negative, was a technological triumph that overcame the limitations of earlier techniques without sacrificing their greatest advantages: it was nearly as crisp and detailed as a Daguerreotype, but like the positive-negative process invented by Talbot, allowed identical prints to be made in any quantity.
	www.aspenhistory.org /poe.html (563 words)

	The Selfless Inventor
		He experimented with a variety of solutions and surfaces, and in 1849 made a breakthrough when he coated a glass plate with a collodion solution and exposed the plate while it was still wet.
		However, Archer died before he could reap any benefits from them, and he died in poverty in 1857.
		Had Scott Archer patented his Wet Collodion process, he could undoubtedly have made a fortune, and though he lived just a few years to see others making a huge fortune from it, he died in penury, never receiving during his lifetime the appreciation due to someone who had made such an advance in photography.
	www.anvil.clara.net /sarcher.htm (785 words)

	A History of Photography, by Robert Leggat: ARCHER, Frederick Scott
		Collodion in photography." Three years earlier Archer had come across this substance, which produced a transparent waterproof film, and which was being used to dress wounds.
		Archer's procedure was to mix collodion with potassium iodide, and then immerse this in a solution of silver nitrate.
		Unlike Fox Talbot, who was involved in a number of law-suits in order to protect his patent, Scott Archer did not seek to make money out of his discovery.
	www.rleggat.com /photohistory/history/archer.htm (632 words)

	Frederick Scott Archer
		She said this led him to the study of numismatics.
		Archer waited to publish his process until he could obtain more consistent results.
		This site was contructed by Seán MacKenna to honour the name and to perpetuate the memory of Frederick Scott Archer, and he alone is responsible for any mistakes, inaccuracies or errors of understanding that may occur in
	www.samackenna.demon.co.uk /FSArcher.html (1545 words)

	The Wet Collodion Process: Interesting Thing of the Day
		Frederick Scott Archer was an English sculptor who liked the idea of working from a photographic image of his subjects.
		Archer’s innovation was to coat a glass plate with a mixture of collodion and potassium iodide, and then dip the plate into a silver nitrate solution to make it light-sensitive.
		We want to be thankful to Archer for his selflessness while at the same time lamenting his foolish lack of foresight; we feel angry at Talbot for being mean-spirited and vindictive, while respecting his prudent choice to patent his invention.
	itotd.com /articles/541/the-wet-collodion-process (1128 words)

	Glass Plate Negatives
		British inventor Frederick Scott Archer then expanded their discoveries to produce the first usable glass photographic negatives in 1851, known as the wet collodion negative, which allowed identical prints to be made in quantities.
		Archer created a thick flammable liquid, called collodion, by dissolving explosive cellulose nitrate (gun cotton) in ether, alcohol, and potassium iodide, which was flowed onto a sheet of glass the size of the finished print.
		After plunging the plate into a bath of silver nitrate (turning the collodion into a light-sensitive silver iodide), Archer then put the coated glass plate in a plate holder in the camera, exposed it, and then developed the plate in the darkroom (or if on location, the developing tent).
	www.thescreamonline.com /photo/photo2-4/glass_slides/glass.html (464 words)

	History of Photography in Brighton
		In March 1851, Frederick Scott Archer, a sculptor and a member of the Calotype Photographic Club, published details of his "wet collodion process", which involved coating a glass plate with a mixture of potassium iodide and a sticky substance called collodion.
		Archer's "wet collodion" process could produced high quality negatives after exposures of only a few seconds.
		Unlike Beard with the daguerreotype process and Talbot with the 'calotype', Archer chose not to patent his discovery and offered his invention free to all photographers.
	www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk /DSphotoglass3C1.htm (243 words)

	AlternativePhotography.com : Collodion history
		Because the problem was caused by the uneven fibrous texture of the paper negative, the potential for glass to provide a superior negative support was quickly recognised and during the 1840s a number of attempts were made to coat glass with a photosensitive surface.
		In 1851 Frederick Scott Archer published details of the wet collodion process, this produced a grainless glass negative capable of making beautifully sharp prints, on salt or albumen paper, and it dominated photography for the next thirty years, that is until the introduction of the dry plate in the 1880s.
		Very early on Scott Archer noticed that if an under exposed negative was held against a dark background it appeared as a positive image, and indeed that is all that an ambrotype is - an under exposed negative, on glass, the dark background being provided by fl varnish, paper or velvet.
	www.alternativephotography.com /articles/art010.html (572 words)

	ALEXANDER GARDNER ABRAHAM LINCOLN GLASS PLATE NEGATIVE, 8 NOVEMBER 1863
		The collection consists of one collodion wet-plate negative, the vintage envelope that housed the negative, and a recent print made from a duplicate negative (a negative of a transparency output from a digital scan of the original negative).
		Collodion wet-plate negatives were made from an early photographic technique invented by Frederick Scott Archer of England in 1851.
		Archer added soluble potassium iodide to a solution of collodion (cellulose nitrate), then coated a glass plate with the solution.
	indianahistory.org /library/manuscripts/collection_guides/P0420.html (1423 words)

	Photography Terms
		A process discovered by Frederick Scott Archer and Peter W. Fry in 1852 and published in 1854.
		It was introduced by Frederick Scott Archer in 1851.
		The most important disadvantages to the process were that the exposure had to be taken while the plate was still moist and developing had to be done very soon after exposing.
	web.utk.edu /~twh/terms.htm (2693 words)

	The Crafted Photograph - Techniques
		The surface darkens when exposed to light and the resulting image, which is developed in regular tap water, is usually white on a blue background.
		Wet-plate or collodian photography was invented in 1851 by the Englishman Frederick Scott Archer.
		In the process a glass plate is coated with a light-sensitive emulsion of collodian - gun cotton dissolved in alcohol and ether - to which potassium has been added.
	www.tufts.edu /programs/mma/fah189/2002/nmadahar/techniques.html (543 words)

	Frederick Scott Archer
		Within three years Frederick Scott Archer announced the invention of wet collodion photography.
		The capacity of the new process to record the minute and highly textured brought the aesthetic of photographers into close alignment with that of the Brotherhood.
		Scott Archer himself reaped no material benefit from his invention.
	www.libfl.ru /pre-raph/Archer.html (78 words)

	Early Photographic Processes - Wet Collodion
		Gustave le Gray, RJ Bingham and Frederick Scott Archer each considered creating a photographic plate by coating glass with collodion.
		It was Archer (1813-1857), after discovering the process in 1848, who published an account of it in 1851, and is generally credited with the discovery.
		Ken Watson reports that Scott Archer's grave has been discovered, but is in a poor state of repair.
	www.edinphoto.org.uk /1_early/1_early_photography_-_processes_-_wet_collodion.htm (1271 words)

	Home
		Ferrotypes also known as Tintypes are images made on Japanned iron plates and Ambrotypes are done on either clear, fl or "Ruby" glass.
		The plate is flowed with collodion, sensitized, and exposed wet just as in the 1851 process of Frederick Scott Archer.
		After exposure the plate is developed with iron salts, fixed and varnished all using original formulas for the chemistry.
	members.aol.com /heirphoto/tintype/Home.html (879 words)

	The History of Wetplate "Collodion" Photography
		In efforts to advance photography in the mid-19th century, Fredrick Scott Archer, an English sculptor and photographer, experimented with collodion in the hope of producing a photographic negative on ordinary glass plates.
		Collodion, a thick and syrupy liquid, is made by dissolving nitrated cotton in a mixture of alcohol and ether.
		It was widely used by surgeons as a liquid bandage owing to its strength and adhesion.
	www.collodion-artist.com /History (523 words)

	Frederick Scott Archer on artnet
		Find works of art, auction results & sale prices of artist Frederick Scott Archer at galleries and auctions worldwide.
		Find unknown or rarely seen works by important artists
		sample: Here are the top 3 of 3 past auction results for Frederick Scott Archer:
	www.artnet.com /artist/574073/frederick-scott-archer.html (136 words)

	Vintage Camera.com
		The plate was used while wet, which was an awkward but effective process that permitted photographers to make high-quality negatives with exposures of less than 30 seconds.
		Frederick Scott Archer invented this system in 1851.
		French inventors Auguste and Louis Lumière are credited with the first color photographs in a 1907 process called Autochrome.
	vintagecamera.com /history.htm (215 words)

	::The History of the Camera::
		This time was reduced by his business partner Louis Daguerre who managed to improve the waiting time down to half an hour and permanently by immersing in salt.
		The exposure time was brought down to 2-3 seconds by by Frederick Scott Archer in 1851.
		Film material continued to advanced through gelatin and then celluloid in the 1860's.Photography became hugely popular as time went on and the huge cameras that were the size of a room just weren't good enough.
	www.geocities.com /brand1204/html/camera.html (951 words)

	Fred Archer - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Frederick James Archer (January 11, 1857 - November 8, 1886) was an English flat race jockey who was the most successful sportsman in horse racing during the Victorian era.
		Archer was champion jockey for 13 consecutive years until 1886, riding 2748 winners from 8084 starts.
		Since his death there have been many reported sightings of Archer on a ghostly white horse at the Pegasus Stables.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Fred_Archer (332 words)

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