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Topic: Frederick Soddy

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Protactinium

	Frederick Soddy - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Frederick Soddy (September 2, 1877 – September 22, 1956) was an English radiochemist.
		In 1903, with Sir William Ramsay, Soddy verified that the decay of radium produced helium.
		Frederick was also interested in technocracy and the social credit movement, which is evidenced by his publications Wealth, Virtual Wealth and Debt (George Allen and Unwin 1926) and Money versus Man (1933).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Frederick_Soddy (497 words)

	Soddy, Frederick (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Soddy was born in Eastbourne, Sussex, and studied at Oxford.
		Soddy was professor at Aberdeen 1914-19 and at Oxford 1919-36.
		Soddy and Rutherford postulated that radioactive decay is an atomic or subatomic process, and formulated a disintegration law.
	www.cartage.org.lb /en/themes/Biographies/MainBiographies/S/Soddy/1.html (197 words)

	Frederick Soddy - Biography
		Frederick Soddy, the son of Benjamin Soddy, a London merchant, was born at Eastbourne, Sussex, England, on September 2, 1877.
		Here, Soddy and Ramsay were able to demonstrate, by spectroscopic means, that the element helium was produced in the radioactive decay of a sample of radium bromide and that helium was evolved in the decay of emanation.
		From 1904 to 1914 Soddy was lecturer in physical chemistry and radioactivity in the University of Glasgow.
	nobelprize.org /chemistry/laureates/1921/soddy-bio.html (522 words)

	Alsos: The World Made New: Frederick Soddy, Science, Politics, and Environment
		This biography presents the British scientist Frederick Soddy, who worked with Rutherford in a series of investigations that produced the explanation of radioactivity, and who was also a social activist.
		Soddy received the 1921 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his contributions to the chemistry of radioactive substances and his investigations into the origin and nature of isotopes.
		Soddy felt that science and scientists held a responsibility to society; his belief that the government should strictly control atomic energy led him eventually to leave scientific research.
	alsos.wlu.edu /information.aspx?id=417 (183 words)

	C&EN: IT'S ELEMENTAL: THE PERIODIC TABLE - PROTACTINIUM
		Soddy was one of the discoverers of protactinium, but this was a minor accomplishment, considering that it was Soddy who elucidated the concept of isotopes--the existence of elements of identical chemical properties yet different atomic masses--for which he received the 1921 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.
		Soddy also theorized and then proved that radioactivity is accompanied by a chemical "transmutation" of the elements--that is, one element changing into another element by nuclear decay.
		Soddy's lectures, published in 1909 as "The Interpretation of Radium" were used by H. Wells in his novel "The World Set Free," which he dedicated to Soddy.
	pubs.acs.org /cen/80th/protactinium.html (691 words)

	OUP: World Made New: Merricks (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Frederick Soddy is an intriguing figure who was deeply concerned with and involved in politics, economics, and the role of science in the world.
		Soddy was a pioneer in the field of energy conservation and environmental ethics, and was committed to social reform.
		Frederick Soddy was a remarkable and talented man who was not recognized as such in his own life-time, largely because his ideas and attitudes did not fit in with the times in which he lived.
	www.oup.co.uk /isbn/0-19-855934-8 (418 words)

	Oxford University Press: The World Made New: Linda Merricks (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Frederick Soddy was one of the first generation of English atomic scientists, working with Rutherford on the initial discoveries about atomic disintegration, and received the Nobel Prize in 1921 for his research on isotopes.
		Soddy's worry about the responsibility of science and scientists to society began with his fear that the atomic energy he and Rutherford had discovered could be disastrous if suitable political controls were not enforced, and led to his abandoning scientific research.
		Soddy was a pioneer in the field of energy conservation and environmental ethics, a remarkable and talented man who was not recognized as such in his own lifetime, largely because his ideas and attitudes did not fit in with the times in which he lived.
	www.oup.com /us/catalog/general/subject/Philosophy/Science/~~/c2Y9YWxsJnNzPWF1dGhvciZzZD1hc2MmcGY9MTcwJnZpZXc9dXNhJnByPTEwJmJvb2tDb3ZlcnM9bnVsbCZjaT0wMTk4NTU5MzQ4 (319 words)

	Soddy
		Soddy himself was inspired by his experiences of the first World War to develop great concern on a subject that concerns scientists perhaps more today than it did at that time - the possibility that his invention could be used for destruction.
		Frederick Soddy was born in 1877, the youngest son of a London merchant.
		Soddy would have been more accurate to tie in the creation of credit by banks with a process by which all those who use the Banking system and the consequent free access to the community's `Virtual Wealth', with the well known phenomenon by which `the rich get richer and the poor get poorer'.
	www.tiea.us /soddy (4210 words)

	soddy
		Soddy's formula is another example of giving the credit to the wrong person.
		Soddy may also be known to students of Science for receiving the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1921 for the discovery of the decay sequences of radioactive isotopes.
		Soddy's book, The Interpretation of Radium, inspired H G Wells to write The World Set Free in 1914, and he dedicated the novel to Soddy's book.
	www.pballew.net /soddy.html (609 words)

	Nuclear Files: Timeline of the Nuclear Age: Atomic Discovery
		Frederick Soddy of Great Britain observes spontaneous disintegration of radioactive elements into variants he calls "isotopes" or totally new elements.
		Ernest Rutherford and Frederick Soddy publish theory of radioactive decay: The atoms of a radioactive element emit charged particles (alpha or beta) and in doing so change into atoms of a different element.
		Frederick Soddy proposes a theory of isotopes of elements.
	www.nuclearfiles.org /menu/timeline/atomic-discovery/discovery.htm (1125 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		As a result of his radioactivity studies, Soddy concluded in 1913 that certain elements should exist in two or more forms, indistinguishable chemically, but having different masses - that he termed "isotopes".
		In 1914 he went to Aberdeen University as Professor of Chemistry and from 1919 to his retirement in 1936 he was Lee's Professor of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry at Oxford.
		Soddy was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1921 for his radioisotope studies and his investigations of isotopes.
	www.chem.uky.edu /courses/che105/biografy/soddy.html (161 words)

	Frederick Soddy Biography / Biography of Frederick Soddy Main Biography
		The English chemist Frederick Soddy (1877-1956) shared in the discoveries of atomic disintegration and of helium production during radioactive decay and introduced the term "isotope" to nuclear science.
		Frederick Soddy was born at Eastbourne, Sussex, on Sept. 2, 1877.
		Having accepted a demonstratorship in chemistry at McGill University, Montreal, Soddy found himself increasingly attracted by the work being done by Ernest Rutherford, then research professor of physics at the university.
	www.bookrags.com /biography-frederick-soddy (180 words)

	Frederick Soddy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Frederick Soddy (September 2, 1877- September 22, 1956) was an English radiochemist[?].
		Soddy was born in Eastbourne, England, and studied at University College of Wales[?] at Aberystwyth and Oxford University (Merton College).
		In addition he showed that an atom moves lower in atomic number by two places on alpga emission, higher by one place on beta emission.
	www.websign.sk /fr/Frederick_Soddy.html (330 words)

	Frederick Soddy -- Britannica Concise Encyclopedia - The online encyclopedia you can trust! (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Soddy was highly critical of the inability of the world's economic systems to make full use of scientific and technological advances.
		English dancer and choreographer Frederick Ashton was known primarily for his years as a choreographer with the Royal Ballet.
		British soldier Frederick Middleton was a commander of Canadian militia from 1884 to 1890.
	www.britannica.com /ebc/article-9068487 (869 words)

	NSDL Metadata Record -- Frederick Soddy (1897?1956)
		This compilation concerns the life of Frederick Soddy, a 1921 Nobel Laureate in chemistry, and early pioneer in radiochemistry.
		Soddy is perhaps most well known for his pioneering studies of radioactive elements and the discovery of isotopes.
		Written by recognized authorities on the history of science, the essays provide a well?rounded picture of Frederick Soddy.
	nsdl.org /mr/439929 (124 words)

	Frederick Soddy Biography / Biography of Frederick Soddy History of Scientific Discovery Biography
		Much of the mystery surrounding the discovery of radioactivity in 1896 was eventually cleared up as the result of Soddy's research.
		Rutherford and Soddy collaborated to develop explanations for the nature of radioactivity, discovered by Alexandre-Edmond Becquerel in 1896, and the matter from which it came.
		They were able to show, for example, that a radioactive element gives off either an alpha particle or a beta particle and changes into a new element.
	www.bookrags.com /biography-frederick-soddy-wsd (263 words)

	Expt. VI-4 Atomic Transformations?
		In 1903 Sir William Ramsey and Frederick Soddy discovered helium imprisoned in radioactive minerals.
		By identifying the type of radiation and using Soddy's rules the element produced could be predicted.
		After all the sequential radiation releases have been determined, it was possible to use Soddy's rules to identify each isotope in the sequence.
	homepage.mac.com /dtrapp/ePhysics.f/labVI_4.html (1261 words)

	Chemistry and Industry: The World Made New: Frederick Soddy, Science, Politics and the Environment. (book reviews)@ ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Frederick Soddy was a key figure in the development of nuclear physics, with his discovery of isotopes and of the displacement law of radioactive change.
		Central to Linda Metricks' important but frustrating book is the hypothesis that Frederick Soddy has not been accorded the historical respect he deserves.
		Certainly, the author suggests Soddy himself thought so, and perhaps compared his own with Ernest Rutherford's fame, but one might think that with a Nobel prize for chemistry (1921, proposed by Rutherford and seconded by J J Thomson, no less), an Oxford professorship and numerous...
	www.highbeam.com /library/doc0.asp?DOCID=1G1:19845808&refid=holomed_1 (224 words)

	Untitled Document (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Frederick Soddy, a demonstrator in chemistry at McGill, initially challenged some of Rutherford’s ideas.
		British-born and Oxford-trained, Frederick Soddy collaborated with Rutherford at McGill University, 1900-1902.
		In 1904 Rutherford concluded, based on his work with Soddy, that an enormous store of latent power was resident in the atoms of radioactive elements — power derived from the internal energy of atoms.
	collections.ic.gc.ca /heirloom_series/volume6/298-303.htm (2849 words)

	Some Sources for a Discussion of Natural and Social Capital
		By Frederick Soddy, M.A. With illustrations, (New York, G.P. Putnam's Sons, 1920).
		The inversion of science and a scheme of scientific reformation By Frederick Soddy, (London, Henderson, 1924).
		Frederick Soddy (1877-1956) : early pioneer in radiochemistry, (Dordrecht ; Boston : D. Reidel Pub.
	ecoethics.net /bib/1998/encc-002.htm (5452 words)

	The Nature of Money (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Frederick Soddy saw, that as long as money was used as the accounting and distributing mechanism, it would enable generalized and social production, combing the advantages of human association and division of labor with the distribution of the product for individual and personal use and consumption.
		Soddy considered the views of other monetary reformers, and saw that they were “not complementary but mutually exclusive, and any attempt to compromise and combine parts of them would almost certainly result in disaster”.
		Soddy saw “the issue of any form of credit money is a forced levy or tax on the goods and services of the community which it is impossible for the community to resist or escape.
	www3.sympatico.ca /truegrowth/kutyn.htm (17023 words)

	Apollony fractal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The derivation of the radius of the inner and outer Soddy circles were studied by Frederick Soddy around 1936.
		The inner Soddy circles are added in the same way noting that the outer circle can now be tangent to the added circles.
		The gaps are filled by subsequent Soddy spheres thus forming a solid object (at infinity).
	astronomy.swin.edu.au /~pbourke/fractals/apollony (496 words)

	Kazimierz Fajans - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In inorganic chemistry, he formulated what became known as Fajans rules to account for the formation of covalent rather than ionic bonds.
		In 1913, independently but simultaneously with Frederick Soddy, he arrived at a theory of isotopes, and used this to explain the radioactive decay of Uranium-238.
		Also in 1913, along with Otto H. Göhring that he identified the element Protactinium.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Kasimir_Fajans (208 words)

	History and Purpose of Technocracy
		Frederick Soddy was a chemist and scientist, completely unknown to us, as we were unknown to Soddy.
		Soddy himself, in a newsreel interview taken in his office and laboratory, presented in the early 30's a very nice admission and commendation for the development of Technocracy in the United States.
		He had the intuitive feeling of the artist, but it also was entangled in human beings on the theory they could be elevated to such a high degree of perfection in their moral and ethical values that a new society could be made to function on the essence of their betterment.
	www.technocracy.ca /simp/history.htm (11039 words)

	Chem/Hist 282 Atom Links (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Ernest Rutherford: 1920 lecture describing the state of knowledge of nuclear structure at a time after the discovery of isotopy and atomic number but before the neutron; the standard picture included electrons in the nucleus.
		Frederick Soddy: 1913 paper which gives the rules for chemical transformations accompanying
		Frederick Soddy: 1913 paper which introduces the term "isotopes" for atoms which have the same nuclear charge but different mass.
	gemini.tntech.edu /~tfurtsch/Scihist/atomlinks.htm (266 words)

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