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	Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Friedrich Wilhelm (Frederick William) of Brandenburg, Kurfürst of Brandenburg, Duke of Prussia (February 16, 1620 - April 29, 1688) of the House of Hohenzollern, was the Kurfürst (elector) of Brandenburg, from 1640 until his death.
		Friedrich Wilhelm was born in Berlin, to Georg Wilhelm von Brandenburg and Elisabeth Charlotte von der Pfalz.
		He simplified travel in the ancestral lands of Brandenburg and Prussia by connecting riverways with canals, a system, that was expanded by later Prussian architects, such as Georg Steenke and which is still functioning and in use today.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Friedrich_Wilhelm_I_of_Brandenburg (361 words)

	Encyclopedia: Frederick I of Prussia
		Frederick II of Prussia (January 24, 1712â€“August 17, 1786) was a king of Prussia from the Hohenzollern dynasty, reigning from 1740â€“86.
		Frederick William was the son of Augustus William (the second son of King Friedrich Wilhelm I of Prussia) and of Louise Amalie of Brunswick-Lüneburg, sister of the wife of...
		Prince Wilhelm of Prussia (1783–1851) was the son of Frederick William II of Prussia and Frederika Louisa of Hesse-Darmstadt.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Frederick-I-of-Prussia (1762 words)

	MSN Encarta - Prussia
		Frederick William's son, Frederick I, became king of Prussia in 1701, receiving royal recognition in exchange for a promise of military aid to Holy Roman Emperor Leopold I.
		Frederick's son, Frederick William I, greatly increased the size of the Prussian army and rebuilt the organization of the state around the military establishment.
		Frederick's regime was noted as a model of “enlightened despotism.”Frederick William III succeeded to the throne in 1797 and with the aid of his ministers, Baron vom und zum Stein and Prince Karl August von Hardenberg, instituted a series of liberal reforms within the kingdom.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761559027/Prussia.html (1014 words)

	AllRefer.com - Frederick William, elector of Brandenburg (German History, Biography) - Encyclopedia
		Frederick William known as the Great Elector, 1620–88, elector of Brandenburg (1640–88), son and successor of George William.
		Frederick William subsequently joined Sweden in its war against Poland (1655–60) but deserted the Swedes after Russia and Denmark entered the war.
		Frederick William laid the foundation of the Prussian state by repressing the estates, strengthening central administration, husbanding the resources of his lands, improving communication, and building the army.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/F/FredWBra.html (404 words)

	Frederick William
		Such was the impact of Frederick William, that Prussia was to dominate the previously all-powerful Sweden in the Baltic.
		In 1640, Brandenburg-Prussia was described as a "pathetic remnant." This was the ‘sandbox’ that Frederick William inherited.
		Frederick William was a very able man. He knew from 1640 what he wanted Brandenburg-Prussia to be but he had to work within the state’s weaknesses that became so obvious during the Thirty Years War.
	www.historylearningsite.co.uk /frederick_william.htm (708 words)

	FREDERICK WILLIAM OF BRANDENBURG - LoveToKnow Article on FREDERICK WILLIAM OF BRANDENBURG
		His father was the elector George William, and his mother was Elizabeth Charlotte, daughter of Frederick IV., elector palatine of the Rhine.
		Owing to the disorders which were prevalent in Brandenburg he passed part of his youth in the Netherlands, studying at the university of Leiden and learning something of war and statecraft under Frederick Henry, prince of Orange.
		His concluding years were troubled by differences between his wife and her step-son, Frederick; and influenced by D-orothea he bequeathed portions of Brandenburg to her four sons, a bequest which was annulled under his successor.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /F/FR/FREDERICK_WILLIAM_OF_BRANDENBURG.htm (1120 words)

	ninemsn Encarta - Search Results - Faber Frederick William
		Faber, Frederick William (1814–1863), English hymn writer and Oratorian (member of the Congregation of the Oratory, a community of Roman Catholic...
		Frederick William (1620-1688), Elector of Brandenburg (1640-1688), called the Great Elector, who laid the foundations for the strong Prussian state...
		Frederick William III (1770-1840), King of Prussia (1797-1840).
	au.encarta.msn.com /Faber_Frederick_William.html (86 words)

	Prussia -> History on Encyclopedia.com 2002 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The electorate with its dependencies had become a major German state by the end of the 17th cent., a position that it owed largely to the secularization of church lands during the Reformation (the major part of its new acquisitions had been ecclesiastic territory) and to its successful diplomacy at the Peace of Westphalia (1648).
		Frederick William's successor, Frederick II, or Frederick the Great (reigned 1740-86), used the efficient military instrument bequeathed him by his father to enter upon a period of conquest.
		Frederick was succeeded (1786) by Frederick William II, who further added to Prussia by the partitions of Poland of 1793 and 1795.
	encyclopedia.infonautics.com /html/section/Prussia_History.asp (2188 words)

	Frederick I of Prussia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Friedrich I of Prussia, Kurfürst of Brandenburg, King in Prussia (Fredrick I, July 11, 1657 -- February 25, 1713), Hohenzollern, was the first King in Prussia, reigning from January 18, 1701, until his death.
		Born in Königsberg, Friedrich became the Kurfürst (Elector) of Brandenburg, in 1688, upon the death of his father Friedrich Wilhelm I.
		(1697 elector August II of Saxony became King of Poland; 1714 The Hanoverian elector became King George I of Great Britain).
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Friedrich_I_of_Prussia (368 words)

	brief history of Prussia - world history (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Brandenburg and Prussia were separated by Polish Pomerelia (Pomerania or the southern coast of the Baltic Sea).
		In 1701, in exchange for not opposing the Habsburg claim on the Spanish crown, the elector Frederick III was proclaimed king Frederick I of Prussia in Königsberg, which was the capital of East Prussia.
		Formally Brandenburg was a part of Prussia, so that the kingdom of Prussia was both within and outside the Holy Roman Empire, as was the case of the Habsburg Empire, in which the duchy of Austria and the kingdom of Bohemia, but not the other Habsburg territories, were part of the Holy Roman Empire.
	www.worldhistoryplus.com /p/prussia.html (1519 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Berlin
		When the Elector Frederick II again separated the two cities and erected a fortified castle between Berlin and Kolln, on the site of the present royal residence, the inhabitants, under the leadership of Bernd Ryke, revolted, stormed the house in which the elector was accustomed to live when in Berlin, and destroyed the public records.
		Under Frederick William II there was a temporary check to its development during the era of the Napoleonic ascendancy.
		Under Frederick the Great the Catholic population was about 5,000 in 107,000 inhabitants; in 1817 there were 186,570 Protestants to 6,157 Catholics; in 1843, 16,453 Catholics, to 328,253 Protestants; 1853, 19,075 Catholics; 1871, 51,517; 1885, 99,579; 1900, 188,440 Catholics in Berlin proper.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/02493b.htm (1799 words)

	Potsdam - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Potsdam's fortunes changed dramatically when it was chosen for the hunting residence of Frederick William I, elector of Brandenburg, in 1660.
		The was founded in 1991 as a university of the Land Brandenburg.
		Old Town with the Brandenburg Gate (1770, not to be confused with the Brandenburg Gate in Berlin), St. Nikolai church (1850) and town hall (1753)
	www.bucyrus.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Potsdam (872 words)

	AllRefer.com - Brandenburg, state, Germany, Germany (German Political Geography) - Encyclopedia
		The state of Brandenburg consists of the former Prussian province of Brandenburg minus those parts of the province lying E of the Oder and Neisse rivers in Poland (see Germany).
		Among Frederick's early successors were Albert Achilles (reigned 1470–86), who introduced primogeniture as the law of inheritance of the Hohenzollern family, and Joachim II (reigned 1535–71), who accepted the Reformation in 1539.
		the electors of Brandenburg acquired (1614) the duchy of Cleves and other W German territories and (1618) the duchy of Prussia (roughly, the later East Prussia).
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/B/BrandenbSta.html (571 words)

	The Rise of Prussia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Frederick William, the founder of the Prussian state, ruled for almost a half century, from 1640 to 1688.
		He was followed by Frederick William I who concentrated on building a bureaucracy, and most of all an army far disproportionate to the size of his country.
		Frederick was a tolerant unbeliever and it was by this religious enlightenment that he was a men of his time, a colleague of the philosophes.
	mars.acnet.wnec.edu /~grempel/courses/germany/lectures/04prussian.html (2557 words)

	The Hohenzollern Dynasty (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		In 1701 the elector Frederick III of Brandenburg secured from the Holy Roman emperor Leopold I the title "king in Prussia." The change to "king of Prussia" was not formally recognized until 1772, when Frederick the Great obtained it.
		Frederick William, the Great Elector (reigned 1640-88), obtained E Pomerania, the secularized bishoprics of Cammin, Minden, and Halberstadt, and the expectancy to Magdeburg upon the death of its administrator.
		Frederick William II (reigned 1786-97), Frederick William III (reigned 1797-1840), and Frederick William IV (reigned 1840-61) were mediocre rulers; their ministers were more important in the history of Prussia.
	www.antipas.org /news/europe/hohenzollerns.html (1172 words)

	MARY OF ORANGE - LoveToKnow Article on MARY OF ORANGE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Her father wished her to marry a son of Philip IV., king of Spain, while her cousin, the elector palatine, Charles Louis, was also a suitor for her hand, but both proposals fell through and she became the wife of a Dutch prince, William, son of Frederick Henry, prince of Orange.
		The marriage took place in London on the 2nd of May 1641, but owing to the tender years of the bride it was not consummated for several years.
		In 1647 her husband, William II., succeeded his father as stadtholder, but three years later, just after his attempt to capture Amsterdam, he died; a son, afterwards the English king William III., being born to him a few days later (Nov. 14, 1650).
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /M/MA/MARY_OF_ORANGE.htm (310 words)

	FriedrichWilhelm (1620-1688) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		elector of Brandenburg (1640–88), who restored the Hohenzollern dominions after the devastations of the Thirty Years' War—centralizing the political administration, reorganizing the state finances, rebuilding towns and cities, developing a strong army, and acquiring clear sovereignty over ducal Prussia.
		Frederick William was the eldest son of the elector George William and Elizabeth Charlotte of the Palatinate, a granddaughter of William the Silent, prince of Orange.
		He grew up amid the chaos of the Thirty Years' War, in which Brandenburg suffered particularly heavily, and was forced to spend his childhood years far from the Berlin court in the fortress of Küstrin, where he was educated in the Calvinist faith.
	www.hfac.uh.edu /gbrown/philosophers/leibniz/BritannicaPages/FriedrichWilhelm/FriedrichWilhelm.html (214 words)

	boys clothing: British royalty King William III William and Mary William of Orange (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		William was born in 1650 in the Binnenhof Palace, The Hague, Netherlands.
		William for his part often seem cold to Mary, but many historians believe a deep affection developed on his part as well and he grieved profound upon her untimly death.
		William although he commanded a victorious army, composed largely of Dutch forces, saw that it would in the long run be dangerous to seize the throne by conquest.
	histclo.hispeed.com /royal/eng/royal-ew3.htm (2709 words)

	H-Net Review: Robert Beachy on The Great Elector: Frederick William of Brandenburg-Prussia
		Yet this Brandenburg ruler was dubbed the "Great Elector" already during his long reign from 1640 to 1688, and the jurist Pufendorf reinforced the nickname by publishing a biography with the same title.
		The Elector also established a formal sovereignty, first with his independence from the Holy Roman Emperor as ruler of Brandenburg (according to the terms of Westphalia), and then by prising his Prussian Duchy from the suzerainty of the Polish King at the end of the War of the North in 1660 (p.
		As a devout Calvinist, Frederick William (whose grandfather, Elector John Sigismund, had converted in 1617) faced the enmity and resistance of a predominantly Lutheran populace with an arch-conservative clergy.
	www.h-net.msu.edu /reviews/showrev.cgi?path=295201057025606 (775 words)

	Potsdam (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Potsdam is the largest city in the state of Brandenburg and has been the capital city in the state since 1990.
		It was first mentioned in 993 as a Wendish settlement and as a city in 1317 In 1660 Frederick William, the Elector of Brandenburg State Government, chose Potsdam as his second official residence.
		The Brandenburg State Government and the Local Government are the largest employers in the town.
	www.eurotowns.org.uk /potsdamcity.html (481 words)

	Friedrich I of Prussia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Born in Königsberg, Friedrich became the Kurfürst (Elector) of Brandenburg, in 1688, upon the death of Friedrich Wilhelm I.
		Finally the Kurfürst (elector) of Brandenburg convinced the German king to allow him to become king of Prussia which had never belonged to the "Holy Roman Empire of German Nation".
		His son Frederick William I, born in 1688, succeeded him.
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/friedrich_i_of_prussia (292 words)

	The Open Door Web Site : History : Prussia
		In 1675 the Great Elector used this army to challenge Swedish power by marching into Pomerania (a German state on the southern shores of the Baltic controlled by Sweden) and defeating the Swedes.
		Frederick William, however, was ready to be patient and wait for the next opportunity.
		The chance came when the great Elector was succeeded by the Elector Frederick III (1688-1713).
	www.saburchill.com /history/chapters/chap5133.html (527 words)

	List of state leaders in 1788 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Bavaria and the Palatinate - Karl Theodor, Elector Palatine (1742-1799) and Elector of Bavaria (1777-1799)
		Brandenburg - Frederick William II, Elector of Brandenburg (1786-1797)
		Stadtholder - William V, Prince of Orange, Stadholder of Groningen, Guelders, Friesland, Holland, Overijssel, Utrecht, Zeeland (1751-1795)
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/List_of_state_leaders_in_1788 (528 words)

	Frederick William Biography / Biography of Frederick William Biography Biography
		george · germany · berlin ·; in germany · frederick · sweden · possession · prussia ·; religious tolerance · frederick william · palatinate · george william · brandenburg · disastrous war · hohenzollern ·; hapsburg dynasty
		Frederick William (1620-1688) was elector of Brandenburg from 1640 to 1688.
		Born in Berlin on Feb. 16, 1620, Frederick William was the only son of Elector George William and Elizabeth Charlotte of the Palatinate.
	www.bookrags.com /biography/frederick-william (240 words)

	WHKMLA : History of Brandenburg, Absolutism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Frederick William, the GREAT ELECTOR (1640-1688) recognised that only a powerful army could prevent the repetition of such a disaster.
		Brandenburg's colony of Gross Friedrichsburg, from Dutch and Portuguese Colonies
		Biography of Frederick William and of Frederick (III.) I. from infoplease
	www.stabi.hs-bremerhaven.de /gbs2/whkmla/region/germany/braabs.html (533 words)

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