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	Frederick Lanchester
		Frederick William Lanchester (October 23, 1868 - March 8, 1946) was an English polymath and engineer who made important contributions to automotive engineering, aerodynamics and co-invented the field of operations research.
		Lanchester developed a model for the vortices that occur behind wings during flight, which included the first full description of lift and drag, although the formulation was somewhat complex and would have to wait for Ludwig Prandtl's version before becoming generally useful.
		An open-air sculpture, the Lanchester Car Monument, in the Bloomsbury, Heartlands, area of Birmingham, designed by Tim Tolkien, is on the site where the first four wheel petrol car was made by Lanchester.
	www.reboom.com /article/Frederick_William_Lanchester.html (982 words)

	cars.webdict.info (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Frederick William Lanchester (October 23, 1868 - March 8, 1946) was an English polymath and engineer who made important contributions to automotive engineering, aerodynamics and co-invented the field of operations research.
		Lanchester developed a model for the vortices that occur behind wings during flight, which included the first full description of lift and drag, although the formulation was somewhat complex and would have to wait for Ludwig Prandtl's version before becoming generally useful.
		An open-air sculpture, the Lanchester Car Monument, in the Bloomsbury, Heartlands, area of Birmingham, designed by Tim Tolkien, is on the site where the first four wheel petrol car was made by Lanchester.
	cars.webdict.info /?w=Frederick_William_Lanchester (1020 words)

	Gamasutra - Features - "The Designer's Notebook: Kicking Butt by the Numbers: Lanchester's Laws" Printer ...
		Lanchester was one of those energetic Victorians who made the British the masters of the world -- he built the first British gasoline-powered automobile, invented power steering and disc brakes, studied problems of aerodynamics, and more or less created the field of Operations Research (OR).
		Lanchester determined that the power of such an army is proportional not to the number of units it has, but to the square of the number of units.
		Lanchester's Square Law tells us that at the end of five minutes of production by both sides, the aliens will have a force twice as large, but four times as strong, and costing only twice as much, as the humans' force.
	www.gamasutra.com /features/20040806/adams_pfv.htm (1563 words)

	University of Southampton Libraries Special Collections - MS 107 Papers relating to F.W.Lanchester
		Frederick William Lanchester (1868-1946), FRS, LLD, was educated privately, at the Hartley Institution, Southampton, and, on gaining a national scholarship, at the Royal College of Science.
		Lanchester was consultant and technical adviser to Daimler and BSA Companies, 1910-30; consulting engineer to Breadmore (diesel department), 1928-30; and member of the Advisory Committee for Aeronautics, 1909-20.
		Copies of Lanchester's account of his time at the Hartley Institution; a typescript account of his life; patent specifications; photographs of inventions, cars, and one of himself; drawings; papers and books; six medals; and centenary lectures, 1968.
	www.archives.lib.soton.ac.uk /guide/MS107.shtml (169 words)

	Lanchester Motor Company - Definition, explanation
		The company was started by Frederick William Lanchester, one of the most influencial automobile engineers of the 19th and 20th century.
		The first Lanchester in 1895 was designed as a car not a horseless carriage.
		THe comapny was takne over by the BSA in 1931 and generally overlooked by the company in favour of Daimler, another brand, and by 1956 the Lanchester name had been phased out.
	www.calsky.com /lexikon/en/txt/l/la/lanchester_motor_company.php (193 words)

	Strands of Military Leadership in the 21st Century
		Lanchester was an Englishman who died in 1946 at the age of 78 and “was interested, among other things, in aerodynamics, economics and industrial problems, the theory of relativity, fiscal policies, and military strategy.
		Lanchester was one of the first to recognise the extent to which aircraft would alter the character of warfare.
		To continue with Lanchester, he was convinced that operations of the land armies could be executed as well or better by a squad or fleet of aeronautical machines.
	www.defencejournal.com /2000/apr/strands.htm (3109 words)

	Frederick Lanchester - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Frederick William Lanchester, Hon FRAeS (October 23, 1868 - March 8, 1946) was an English polymath and engineer who made important contributions to automotive engineering, aerodynamics and co-invented the field of operations research.
		Lanchester entered Hartley University College (now the University of Southampton) in 1891, and then the National School of Science at Imperial College.
		In 1921 Lanchester was the first company to export left-hand drive cars.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Frederick_William_Lanchester (1095 words)

	Lanchester, Frederick William (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Lanchester was born in London and studied at Imperial College.
		An experimental aircraft codesigned by Lanchester did not survive its trial flight 1911, and he abandoned the practical side of aviation.
		Lanchester was also interested in radio and patented a loudspeaker and other audio equipment.
	www.cartage.org.lb /en/themes/Biographies/MainBiographies/L/Lanchester/1.html (204 words)

	High-tech Market Research and Consulting
		Lanchester was very bright and made several contributions to automobiles and aircraft.
		It would be extremely difficult to apply Lanchester's model to business by taking the employees of a company as "troops." In particular, the effectiveness of each of the numerous roles in a company would be difficult to quantify, let alone quantify them in a differential equation.
		Lanchester's strategy and the application of it to business by Taoka and Onoda show us an effective quantification of market strategy.
	www.remnet.com /lanchester.html (1271 words)

	WARGAMING/Lanchester Theory & Equations
		Lanchester's equations used in a model of the NATO-Warsaw Pact balance by defense analyst Wm.
		Extensions to Lanchester Theory of Combat, by P.J. Haysman and K. Wand, pp 577-585.
		"Lanchester's differential equations and subsequent modifications sought to describe combat attrition of forces composed of a single type of element.
	www.au.af.mil /au/aul/bibs/wargame/2.htm (978 words)

	Frederick William - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Frederick William von Hessenstein (1735-1808), Swedish statesman and soldier
		Frederick William Beechey (1796-1856), English naval officer and geographer
		Frederick William Harvey (1888 – 1957), English poet
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Frederick_William (225 words)

	Moseley Local History Society
		Frederick William Lanchester lived, in a house designed by himself, at 128 Oxford Road, Moseley, from 1924 until his death in 1946.
		He is best known for designing and building the first British petrol driven four wheeled motor car (in 1895), and for his work on the theory of flight and design of aircraft.
		Lanchester's deduction of military combat rules (linear law and N-square law) have been developed for use in operational research and by the Japanese to describe competition and marketing.
	www.birminghamuk.com /lanchester.htm (135 words)

	Fictionwise eBooks: F. W. Lanchester (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Bio: Born in London in 1868, Frederick William Lanchester is one of the pioneers of the circulation theory of lift, and is among the most respected figures in aviation.
		Lanchester's revolutionary work on the strategy and tactics of aircraft in warfare represents a formative look at aerial combat.
		Written during the first use of combat aircraft in WWI, this new edition is important for renewing our acquaintance with Lanchester's systems approach to the use of aircraft, his view on the implications of air power, and his insights into all aspects of aircraft design, operations, tactics, and strategy.
	www.fictionwise.com /eBooks/FWLanchestereBooks.htm (207 words)

	Frederick William Lanchester Biography (1868–1946) Online Encyclopedia Article About Frederick William Lanchester ...
		Frederick William Lanchester Biography (1868–1946) Online Encyclopedia Article About Frederick William Lanchester Biography (1868–1946)
		He built the first experimental motor car in Britain (1895), and founded the Lanchester Engine Co in 1899.
		Do not copy, download, transfer, or otherwise replicate the site content in whole or in part.
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /Cambridge/entries/000/Frederick-William-Lanchester.html (114 words)

	American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics - History - United Kingdom (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		As early as 1809, he brought forth the suggestion that the shape of the rear of a body is as important as the front in determining resistance, so that a streamlined tail is beneficial.
		Two men who benefited from Cayley's teaching were William Henson and John Stringfellow, whose designs and steam-powered models of the 1840s extended Cayley's concept by the inclusion of propeller propulsion and externally braced high aspect ratio wings.
		In the early 1900s Lanchester not only recognized the crucial role of viscosity in the explanation of drag but independently of Prandtl discovered the presence of the boundary layer.
	www.aiaa.org /content.cfm?pageid=450 (1229 words)

	March 8 - Today in Science History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		English automobile and aeronautics pioneer who built the first British petrol automobile (1896) and founded the Lanchester Engine Co in 1899.
		His production cars were scientifically designed and owed little to their competitors.
		Lanchester is recognized as the first to grasp the role of the trailing vortices behind lifting wings and as the initiator of the circulation theory of lift.
	www.todayinsci.com /3/3_08.htm (1870 words)

	Amazon.com: Aircraft in Warfare the Dawn of the Fourth Arm: Books: F. W. Lanchester (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Such was the genius of Frederick William Lanchester that his work was often too far-reaching for his contemporaries to fully understand.
		Indeed, his profound first principles of flight in the early 1890s led to his being advised most strongly that, should he publish those theories, his reputation as a sane engineer would be ruined.
		F. Lanchester was one of the pioneers of the circulation theory of lift and for that reason is one of the most respected figures in aviation.
	www.amazon.com /Aircraft-Warfare-Dawn-Fourth-Arm/dp/157321017X (792 words)

	Michael Burgess - online journalist
		It is believed that, in 1807, William was given to the Marshall family in Wiltshire.
		In 1916 Frederick William Lanchester published Aircraft in Warfare, a mathematical proof of the first aerodynamic theory of the airoplane -- one year before most people realised that powered flight was even possible.
		Lanchester's model of conflict showed that in modern warfare there is a changing casualty rate as the opposing side gets smaller and its firepower also gets smaller.
	byronik.com /cyborg.html (3661 words)

	The Friction-Free Economy: Marketing Strategies for a Wired World
		His plan is called the "New Lanchester Strategy," from an obscure 1916 work by Frederick William Lanchester as modernized by the Japanese.
		Unless you have 26.1% share of a market, you are not a "player." Those with more than 41.7 % have "crossed the chasm" to become "leaders." Pass 73.9% and you win the game, becoming a monopoly.
		The book tries hard to fit competition into the Lanchester framework, which leads directly to considering acquisition, not innovation, as the primary strategy.
	www.pdma.org /bookstore/books/friction-free.html (1462 words)

	Rods & Wheels :: Your 24/7 Online Carshow (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Frederick William Lanchester is believed to be the first to experiment with fuel injection in the late 1800s.
		Lanchester is considered part of the "big three" English car engineers along with Harry Ricardo and Henry Royce.
		In the 1920s, commercial diesel engines used a form of high-pressure mechanical fuel injection that allowed for a lower overall fuel-to-air ratio and resulted in lower pollutant emissions.
	rodsandwheels.com /emagazine.php?flag=show_story&toc_id=47 (978 words)

	Carburetor - WOI Encyclopedia Italia
		Frederick William Lanchester of Birmingham, England experimented early on with the wick carburetor in cars.
		In 1896 Frederick and his brother built the first petrol driven car in England, a single cylinder 5 hp (4 kW) internal combustion engine with chain drive.
		Unhappy with the performance and power, they re-built the engine the next year into a two cylinder horizontally opposed version using his new wick carburetor design.
	www.wheelsofitaly.com /wiki/index.php/Carburetor (3350 words)

	Greatest Achievements - 2. Automobile
		British designer Frederick William Lanchester patents disc brakes.
		Frederick Simms invents first car fender, based on railway engine buffers.
		Henry Ford begins mass production of the Model T. William Durant forms General Motors, forerunner of modern automotive plants.
	www.nas.edu /greatachievements/ga_2_3.html (306 words)

	Biography of F.W. Lanchester (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Frederick William Lanchester was a major contributor to the theory and practice of automobile engineering and aeronautical engineering.
		Lanchester is honoured by an annual award in his name by the Operations Society of America.
		Lanchester's work forms the basis of modern automobile engineering, and the theory of flight
	www.lanchester.com /Lanc1.html (109 words)

	FLYING MACHINES - John J. Montgomery
		There appears to be some evidence, at least, that as early as 1885 Montgomery noticed and recorded the circulation of the water around his test surfaces, using fine grains and other material to show the pattern of the water's movement around the test sections.
		If that is the case (which bears further research), then John J. Montgomery noted the underlying phenomena of the "circulation theory of lift" as well as trailing edge vortices, which were not documented and published until June of 1894 by Frederick William Lanchester.
		The theory in question, with the results of a considerable number of other investigations, eventually received full publication in the year 1907 in the treatise 'Aerial Flight'." In 1931 Dr. Lanchester was awarded The Daniel Guggenheim Medal for his Vortex Theory, which was seen as a fundamental advance in the study of aerodynamics.
	www.flyingmachines.org /mont.html (981 words)

	How has the Internet changed the rules on business and economics? - SunWorld - November 1997 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The New Lanchester Strategy is derived from the work of Frederick William Lanchester, an early 20th century British scientist and engineer whose theories of combat became major influences in the fields of operations research and, through W. Edwards Deming's (misspelled in the book as "W. Edward Deming") Total Quality Management.
		As Lewis puts it, Lanchester's theories of weapons and troop strength can be applied to sales and marketing in the friction-free economy.
		But first, he defines these categories in terms of market share: 0 to 26.1 percent share means you're not a player; 26.1 to 41.7 percent means you are a player; 41.7 to 73.9 makes you a leader; and more than 73.9 percent means you have a monopoly.
	sunsite.uakom.sk /sunworldonline/swol-11-1997/swol-11-bookshelf.html (2789 words)

	Fuel injection - Wikicars
		This is the next step in evolution from multi port fuel injection and offers another magnitude of emission control by eliminating the "wet" portion of the induction system.
		Frederick William Lanchester joined the Forward Gas Engine Company Birmingham, England in 1889.
		He carried out what were possibly the earliest experiments with fuel injection.
	wikicars.org /es/Fuel_injected (4597 words)

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