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Topic: Frederick Zugibe

	Crucifixion - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Another possibility, suggested by Frederick Zugibe, is that the nails may have been driven in on an angle, entering in the palm in the crease that delineates the bulky region at the base of the thumb, and exiting in the wrist, passing through the carpal tunnel.
		Experiments by Frederick Zugibe have revealed that, when suspended with arms at 60° to 70° from the vertical, test subjects had no difficulty breathing, only rapidly-increasing discomfort and pain.
		Zugibe claims that the breaking of the crucified victim's legs to hasten death, mentioned in the Gospel accounts, was done in order to cause severe traumatic shock or death by fat embolism, and only as a coup de grace.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Crucifixion (3534 words)

	Love and Responsibility Discussion Group
		Zugibe, who is internationally renowned for his work in forensic pathology, told us that he has been studying the Shroud of Turin for more than 52 years.
		Zugibe then described the scourging of Christ — 39 lashes by an instrument with three sharp metal prongs — whose markings in fact are evident on the shroud.
		With detailed analysis and experimentation, Dr. Zugibe illustrated his assertion that the nails in fact were not driven into the wrists but the palm of the hand near the thumb (this is significant as the Bible states that none of the Savior’s bones would be broken).
	www.catholicculture.com /past_discussions/june_24_01.html (378 words)

	shroud wound in hands (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		For more than half a century, Rockland's chief medical examiner, Dr. Frederick Zugibe, has applied the science he uses every day to study the crucifixion of Christ and the authenticity of the Shroud of Turin, which many believe to be his burial cloth.
		Zugibe was there with his wife, Catherine, to address the International Symposium on the Shroud of Turin.
		Zugibe, on the other hand, has gone so far as to crucify one of his sons to study his respiration and the anatomical effects of hanging from a cross, in the process proving asphyxiation was not the cause of death in crucifixion.
	www.pdtsigns.com /shroudhands.html (524 words)

	Frederick Zugibe Biography About
		Zugibe was the Chief Medical Examiner of Rockland County, New York from August 15, 1969 to December 31, 2002 and Acting Medical Examiner from January 1, 2003 to March 31, 2003 pending confirmation of his successor.
		Zugibe is an adjunct Associate Professor of Pathology at Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons and is a Fellow of the College of American Pathologists, a Fellow of the American Academy of the Forensic Sciences, Forensic Pathology Section, and a member of the National Association of Medical Examiners.
		Zugibe is the recipient of numerous awards in Medicine and Law Enforcement and Community Affairs.
	www.crucifixion-shroud.com /bio.htm (787 words)

	Frederick Zugibe Crucifixion Studies News
		In it, Zugibe, an internationally respected expert on the crucifixion and the Shroud of Turin — which is believed to be Christ's burial cloth — establishes that Christ died not of asphyxiation on the cross, but as a result of shock due to blood and fluid loss because of three hours of beatings.
		Zugibe was called upon to debunk a defense contention that the student had been stabbed to death before being shot by the U.N. official's son, Bernard LeGeros, who ultimately was convicted in the death.
		Zugibe being knighted by HRH, the Duke of Braganza
	www.crucifixion-shroud.com /news.htm (1612 words)

	Amazon.ca: Dissecting Death: Secrets of a Medical Examiner: Books (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		As Zugibe's own work is intriguing enough, the inclusion of those sensations seems like a ploy to widen appeal, and the authors' decision to include a section on the scientific accuracy of Mel Gibson's The Passion of the Christ may strike some as odd.
		Nonetheless, Zugibe's detections in the 1981 Brinks robbery case and his pro bono work in the case of a young journalist who disappeared in El Salvador make compelling reading for fans of insider accounts of forensics.
		Zugibe unwraps a body from 20 plastic bags and must determine what happened to the man's body after he died.
	www.amazon.ca /exec/obidos/ASIN/0767918800 (450 words)

	Frederick zugibe - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
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	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/frederick_zugibe (137 words)

	The Crucifixion of Jesus: A Forensic Inquiry (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Frederick T. Zugibe, Ph.D., M.D. In this enthralling and meticulously researched book, renowned forensic pathologist and medical examiner, Dr. Frederick Zugibe, discusses his forty-five years of research in to mechanisms and causes of Christ’s death in crucifixion.
		Dr. Zugibe explores not only the Christ’s physical torment on the cross, but also looks at the emotional pain he experienced during the hours leading up to the actual crucifixion.
		Central to Dr. Zugibe’s conclusions is the severe mental anguish Christ underwent in Garden of Gethsemane, which Zugibe asserts contributed greatly to his death after only three hours on the cross.
	www.rlpgtrade.com /mevans/crucifixion.html (318 words)

	Passion Crucifixion Overkill
		Frederick Zugibe, who for the past 52 years has refined his scientific study of the mechanics of death by crucifixion and who lent his expertise to our documentary.
		Zugibe says that victims carried only that crosspiece to the site of their execution - something that the two thieves do in Gibson's film, while Jesus is burdened with the entire cross, which Zugibe calculates weighed about 150 pounds....
		Zugibe says if the Romans decided to let a victim linger, then depending on the degree of beating beforehand, a crucified person could last a week up on the cross before they expired from the trauma and dehydration, not to mention attacks by wild animals.
	www.orwelltoday.com /passioncrucifixion.shtml (1959 words)

	Frederick Zugibe Biography About
		FREDERICK T. ZUGIBE, M.D., Ph.D. Dr. Zugibe was the Chief Medical Examiner of Rockland County, New York from August 15, 1969 to December 31, 2002 and Acting Medical Examiner from January 1, 2003 to March 31, 2003 pending confirmation of his successor.
		Zugibe is also well known internationally in the field of cardiovascular disease.
		This artist rendering of Dr. Zugibe sketched by Ida Libby Dengrove was commissioned by ABC News during the course of a major homicide trial in Rockland County.
	www.e-forensicmedicine.net /bio.htm (730 words)

	Amazon.com: The Crucifixion of Jesus, Second Edition, Completely Revised and Expanded : A Forensic Inquiry: Books: ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Zugibe also demolishes the "nailed through the wrists" hypothesis that has been accepted as gospel truth, Based on a single experiment by Dr. Pierre Barbet using an amputated (and possibly gangrenous) forearm, this hypothesis has been repeated so often that it is hardly even questioned anymore.
		Zugibe also uses this expanded edition to take a few swipes at Mel Gibson's "The Passion of the Christ" for its glaring historical inaccuracies, mostly for the brutal scourging that would have killed Jesus at the pillar.
		Zugibe is a curious man and he investigated and discects every possible theory about Christ's death on the cross.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/1590770706?v=glance (1619 words)

	Random House \| Books \| Dissecting Death by Frederick Zugibe, M.D., Ph.D. and David L. Carroll
		As chief medical examiner of Rockland County, New York, for almost thirty-five years, Dr. Frederick Zugibe literally wrote the book on the subject—his widely used textbook is considered the definitive text.
		Zugibe takes us through the process all good pathologists follow, using eleven of his most challenging cases.
		FREDERICK ZUGIBE, M.D., Ph.D., is the former chief medical examiner of Rockland County and remains one of the nation’s most respected forensics experts.
	www.randomhouse.com /catalog/display.pperl/display.pperl?isbn=9780767918800 (420 words)

	Physician & Patient: Dissecting Death: Secrets of a Medical Examiner (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Zugibe also points out that until the early 1960's, most crime-solving bureaus in the U.S. worked under the old coroner system - staffed mainly by pharmacists, laymen, general practitioners, or even undertakers.
		Zugibe combines his experiences and background of scientific analysis, medical practice and forensic pathology into a compelling book, which can only be described as an exemplar of professional medicolegal accomplishment.
		The subject of the anatomy of decomposition is textbook as are the descriptions of wound patterns, and injuries, trace evidence and signature injuries.
	books.lovebuygoods.com /CTR_14245_GD_0767918797/Dissecting-Death:-Secrets-of-a-Medical-Examiner.html (1137 words)

	The Man Of The Shroud Was Washed
		Frederick T. Zugibe, M.D., Ph.D. Adjunct Associate Professor of Pathology, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, N.Y. Chief Medical Examiner, Rockland County, N.Y. Reprinted from Sindon N., Quad.
		Studies of these patterns with ultraviolet light are even more vivid in terms of preciseness; the scourge marks show well defined borders and fine scratch-like markings appear to be mingled in-between.
		Zugibe, F.T., The Cross and the Shroud-A Medical Inquiry into the Crucixion.
	www.shroud.com /zugibe2.htm (2428 words)

	MindFreedom Online: Campaigns (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Frederick Zugibe, medical examiner of Rockland County in New York State, is a hero in our movement for breaking the silence over these past 20 years about neuroleptic-related deaths.
		"Colleagues even called me late at night saying I should resign," said Zugibe, "but I stayed at my job, and later I won awards." Little has changed he said, and he partly blames coroners for remaining so silent.
		Long-term neuroleptic drugging may be linked to a wide range of brain damage, even measurable brain shrinkage, according to experts interpreting human and animal studies.
	www.mindfreedom.org /mindfreedom/ioc/hazards.shtml (442 words)

	Amazon.com: Dissecting Death: Secrets of a Medical Examiner: Books: Frederick Zugibe,David L. Carroll (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Zugibe and Carroll's straightforward style makes for clear and fascinating reading, and the cases chosen are intriguing.
		Frederick Zugibe, M. D., is the former chief medical examiner of Rockland County, a position that he held for thirty-three years.
		Zugibe also adds an unnecessarily sensational postscript at the end of the book in which he offers his opinion on two of the most controversial cases in recent memory--those involving JonBenet Ramsey and O. Simpson.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0767918797?v=glance (2388 words)

	County of Rockland Office of County Executive C (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Zugibe is known for being the first Medical Examiner in Rockland County from the time the office was created in 1969 until his retirement in 2002.
		Zugibe has six inventions to his credit, is the author of over 100 books and publications, and has appeared on television.
		A portrait of Dr. Zugibe will be unveiled at the ceremony and displayed in the renamed Frederick T. Zugibe, M.D., Ph.D. Forensic Suite.
	128.121.114.30 /Executive/ENews/past/04-26-05.htm (355 words)

	Shroud of Turin (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Frederick Zugibe, a medical examiner, reportshttp://www.shroud.com/zugibe2.htm that the body of the man wrapped in the shroud appears to have been washed before the wrapping.
		It would be odd for this to occur after the anointing, so some proponents have suggested that the shroud was a preliminary cloth that was then replaced before the anointing, because there was not enough time for the anointing due to the Sabbath.
		Zugibe, Frederick: "The Man of the Shroud was Washed" Sindon N. Quad.
	shroud-of-turin.ask.dyndns.dk (6928 words)

	The Passion of the Christ Movie - The Film vs the History - Mel Gibson, Jim Caviezel
		." First, as Dr. Zugibe stated, the position of the body on the cross was designed to make breathing very difficult, and as an individual's time on the cross wore on, which could last several days, one could eventually die from suffocation.
		As Dr. Zugibe stated for the video, this would cause a "severe, excruciating, burning pain, like lightning bolts traversing the arm into the spinal cord." Rupturing the foot's plantar nerve with a nail would cause a similarly horrible pain.
		In the end, Dr. Zugibe believes that Jesus died from shock due to loss of blood and fluid, as well as traumatic shock from his injuries, plus cardiogenic shock, which caused his heart to fail.
	www.chasingthefrog.com /reelfaces/passion.php (2773 words)

	How did Jesus Christ die? - ChristianAnswers.Net
		According to Dr. Frederick Zugibe, piercing of the median nerve of the hands with a nail can cause pain so incredible that even morphine won't help, "severe, excruciating, burning pain, like lightning bolts traversing the arm into the spinal cord." Rupturing the foot's plantar nerve with a nail would have a similarly horrible effect.
		Frederick W. Farrar, The Life of Christ (Dutton, Dovar: Cassell and Co., 1897).
		Ramsay MacMullen, History Professor Emeritus of Yale University, Dr. James Strange, Professor of Religious Studies, University of South Flordia, and Dr. Frederick Zugibe, medical examiner, in "How Jesus Died: The Final 18 Hours" a video released by Trinity Pictures.
	www.christiananswers.net /q-eden/jesusdeath.html (1209 words)

	The Shroud of Turin Story - Biblical Parallels
		Robert Bucklin, the former Los Angeles forensic pathologist, Dr. Frederick Zugibe a professor of Pathology at Columbia University and the chief medical examiner of Rockland County, New York, and numerous other medical professionals have studied the Shroud and have concluded that the image is that of a man who was crucified.
		John 19:33-34 - But when they came to Jesus and saw that he was already dead, they did not break his legs.
		Since the crucifixion took place on a Friday afternoon just before the Sabbath at the time of Passover, Jewish authorities were probably anxious to have the body of Jesus removed before sundown.
	www.shroudstory.com /parallels.htm (1645 words)

	the_crucifixion
		Furthermore, the position of the body on a cross is designed to make it extremely difficult to breathe.
		One doctor has called it "a symphony of pain" produced by every movement, with every breath; even a slight breeze on his skin could bring screaming pain at this point.
		Medical examiner, Dr. Frederick Zugibe, believes Christ died from shock due to loss of blood and fluid, plus traumatic shock from his injuries, plus cardiogenic shock causing Christ's heart to fail.
	www.faithpoweranddeliverance.com /the_crucifixion.html (828 words)

	National Geographic Channel Goes on a 'Quest for Truth' Easter Sunday to Investigate the Crucifixion
		Using a wooden beam carved by hand from the hills outside Jerusalem, scientists test the theory that Jesus carried his own cross.
		The film also features Dr. Frederick Zugibe, a pathologist and medical examiner, who has studied the crucifixion for more than 50 years, and has built the only medical lab in the world that contains a crucifix.
		Using a volunteer whose hands are tied to a cross, Dr. Zugibe tests the theory that Jesus may have died from asphyxiation -- as many have theorized -- with surprising results.
	www.prnewswire.com /cgi-bin/stories.pl?ACCT=104&STORY=/www/story/03-17-2005/0003204347&EDATE= (659 words)

	Details and History of Crucifixion
		As some historians have suggested, the Gospel words that are translated as "hands" may have in fact included everything below the mid-forearm.
		Death could come in hours or days, depending on exact methods, the health of those crucified, and environmental circumstances.
		Once deprived of support and unable to lift himself, the victim would die within a few minutes.
	www.thenazareneway.com /details_history_of_crucifixion.htm (1360 words)

	Hoe is Jezus Christus gestorven? - ChristianAnswers.Net/dutch
		Een dokter heeft het genoemd "een symfonie van pijn" die verergerde bij elke beweging, bij elke ademhaling; zelfs een zacht windje op zijn huid kon op zo'n moment een schreeuwende pijn veroorzaken.
		Medisch onderzoeker, Dr. Frederick Zugibe, gelooft, dat Jezus Christus stierf aan shock door bloed- en vochtverlies, plus de traumatische shock van zijn wonden, plus een cardiogene shock, die zijn hart deed falen.
		Op dat moment gebeurde er iets met het grote dikke, voorhangsel, dat het Heilige der Heiligen verborg voor de mensen, het scheurde van boven naar beneden.
	www.christiananswers.net /dutch/q-eden/jesusdeath-d.html (1116 words)

	Welcome to Gaffney Christian Supplies (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
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		In a language that is both precise and easy to understand, Dr. Zugibe presents his discoveries culled from years of exhaustive research.
		Documented with 95 illustrations that explore the impact of crucifixion on the body, he demonstrates the realities behind the crucifixion on the body, providing a virtual autopsy on Christ from across the centuries.
	www.christian-supplies.net /product_info.php/name/The%20Crucifixion%20Of%20Jesus%20-%20Frederick%20T.%20Zugibe/products_id/916/language/en (114 words)

	Dissecting Death: Secrets of a Medical Examiner-- book review
		is former chief medical examiner of Rockland County, New York, Dr. Frederick Zugibe’s presentation of ten of the most challenging cases that he has encountered over his thirty-five year career.
		From here on, Zugibe presents the other nine cases, giving each one a chapter, and discusses the scientific methods he used to gather the clues and identify bodies when remains were all that were left.
		In simple prose, Zugibe explains how forensic pathologists go about doing their job: finding the approximate time of death, the importance of lividity, the importance of DNA and the subsequent revolution in criminal justice, and how forensic anthropologists study skeletal remains.
	www.curledup.com /dissdeth.htm (402 words)

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