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	Free Aceh Movement - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Free Aceh Movement (Indonesian: Gerakan Aceh Merdeka or simply GAM), also known as the Aceh Sumatra National Liberation Front (ASNLF), is a separatist group seeking independence for the Aceh region of Sumatra from Indonesia.
		While Aceh has a higher proportion of Muslims than the rest of Indonesia, the roots of the separatist movement are historical rather than religious.
		Aceh was never under the formal control of the colonial Netherlands and Indonesian independence in 1949 had been from the Dutch.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Free_Aceh_Movement (954 words)

	Free Aceh Movement
		Aceh, also known as Acheh, Atjeh or Achin, is the westernmost part of Sumatra and the part of Indonesia where the Islamic character of the population is the most pronounced.
		Aceh was put under Operational Military status in 1991 after a resurgence of separatist activity.
		As of late 1996 the Government claimed that the "Aceh Merdeka" movement had been eliminated, although Aceh was still officially listed as one of Indonesia's three "trouble spots" (along with East Timor and Irian Jaya), and the Government issued public calls for the "rebels" to come home to their families.
	www.globalsecurity.org /military/world/para/aceh.htm (2580 words)

	[No title]
		Aceh is very rich in resources such as oil (1.5 million barrels per day), gas (38% of world production), gold, platinum, molybdenum, rubber, coffee, tea, timber, and iron ore. Therefore, it has been a hot spot for colonization for centuries.
		Aceh residents fought for their land until the day the Japanese finally withdrew, and then the Dutch did not return to Aceh, however, they did reoccupy Java and other parts of the former colonial empire.
		The GAM movement held the position that the people of Aceh would never be able to retain their identity in a country with a flawed ideology and government system.
	mason.gmu.edu /~aafsharh/govt444_project.html (1585 words)

	Terrorism - Indonesia's Free Aceh Movement (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		It is rather an insurgent movement that is threatening the territorial integrity of Indonesia, which sits astride sea-lanes vital for both U.S. commerce and military operations.
		Aceh is the western-most part of Sumatra and the part of Indonesia where the Islamic character of the population is the most pronounced.
		The Free Aceh Movement was formally established in December 1976.
	www.cdi.org /terrorism/aceh.cfm (701 words)

	RNW: The masks are off in Aceh
		Free Aceh Movement also didn't want to compromise and tried to take the opportunity to consolidate their power and destabilize the situation.
		The Free Aceh Movement, which has an estimated 5,000 fighters, also beat the drums of war, saying it was ready to resume the separatist war that has already killed 10,000 people.
		The human rights activist fears the consequences of all-out war in Aceh: deterioration of the overall humanitarian situation, systematic killing of the civil society movement in Aceh, already targeted by both sides, and a boost to the military's influence on politics in Jakarta.
	www.radionetherlands.nl /currentaffairs/region/asiapacific/acer030519.html (537 words)

	AsiaSource Interview on Aceh with Shadia Marhaban
		The Free Aceh Movement (GAM) was born in December 1976.
		The Free Aceh Movement or GAM was born in December 1976, but it expressed the century-old desire for Achenese sovereignty.
		Part of the context of its birth was the discovery in 1971 of vast quantities of natural gas in North Aceh and the realization by GAM founder Hasan di Tiro and others that Acehnese would continue to be denied the benefits of - and even suffer because of - their homeland's natural wealth.
	www.asiasource.org /news/special_reports/marhaban.cfm (1273 words)

	Free Aceh Movement (Indonesia)
		Aceh is a predominantly Muslim region, as evidenced by the flag, which has similarities to the flag of Turkey.
		Including in the draft are a name change from 'Province of Special Region of Aceh' to 'Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam' (NAD); the authority of the Wali Negeri (Sultan-like rank) to design the coat of arms of NAD; and most interesting is the design and usage of 'Alam Aceh', that is the flags/standards of Aceh.
		GOVERNMENT: Aceh will be self-governed, except in the fields of "foreign affairs, external defense, national security, monetary and fiscal matters, justice, and freedom of religion." The Indonesian government commits itself to consult and work with the Aceh government when making decisions or entering into international agreements that affect the region.
	flagspot.net /flags/id-aceh.html (1022 words)

	Free Acheh Movement in Europe (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Aceh is an oil-and-gas-rich province on the northern tip of Sumatra, where the Free Aceh Movement guerrillas have been fighting for independence since 1978.
		Aceh was always unafraid of the Western economic powerhouse.
		Unlike the Mindanao cause in the Philippines, which was supported by the Organization of Islamic States, or East Timor, whose successful independence movement was was supported by Portuguese, not a single country in the world supports the independence struggle of the Acehnese for a Free Aceh.
	hem.passagen.se /freeacheh/interview3.htm (3317 words)

	Armed Conflicts Report - Indonesia-Aceh
		Aceh, a province of 4.1 million people, is located on the northern tip of Sumatra island, about 1,750 km northwest of the capital Jakarta, and at the head of the Malacca Strait, one of the most strategic waterways in the world, linking the Pacific and Indian Oceans.
		The human rights situation in Aceh is characterized by decades of exploitation and repression, stemming initially from the economic and political exploitation of Aceh within the Indonesian state, and extending into the crackdown on the Acehnese independence movement and supporters.
		Aceh and its mostly Moslem population have been part of the Indonesian republic since its birth and played a major role in the fight against the Dutch colonisers.
	www.ploughshares.ca /libraries/ACRText/ACR-IndonesiaAceh.html (6753 words)

	Indonesian rebels end Aceh fight
		BANDA ACEH, Indonesia - Rebels in Indonesia's tsunami-ravaged Aceh province formally disbanded their armed wing Tuesday, ending a 29-year struggle for independence that killed thousands, so the movement could participate in elections next year.
		Free Aceh Movement fighters returned to peace talks with the government after mammoth waves crashed into Aceh's coastlines a year ago, leaving at least 156,000 of the province's people dead or missing and a half-million more homeless.
		But Aceh was hardest hit, and as tens of thousand of corpses began piling up on the road in the disaster's aftermath, the rebels and the government decided they did not want to add to people's suffering.
	www.azcentral.com /arizonarepublic/news/articles/1228tsunami-aceh28.html (333 words)

	Human Rights Watch: Asia : Aceh and Human Rights
		When the Indonesian government and the armed separatists of the Free Aceh Movement (GAM) signed their peace agreement this week, they demonstrated that even the darkest cloud may have a silver lining after all.
		Indonesian security forces in Aceh are systematically torturing detainees suspected of supporting the armed separatist Free Aceh Movement, Human Rights Watch said in a new report released today.
		The Indonesian military in Aceh is pursuing a campaign of killings, “disappearances” and beatings of civilians, Human Rights Watch said in a report released today.
	www.hrw.org /doc?t=asia&c=aceh (1333 words)

	The Jakarta Post - Aceh Issues
		The entire territory of the Province of Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam is declared to be in a state of emergency with the status of martial law.
		The Province of Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam, as referred to in Article 1, shall be subject to the provisions of martial law as referred to in Law No. 23 Prp/1959 on a state of emergency, as already amended twice, the latest by Law No. 52 Prp/1960.
		All expenses arising from the enforcement of this presidential decree shall be borne by the state budget and the regional budget of the Province of Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam.
	www.thejakartapost.com /aceh/acehlatestnews2.asp (598 words)

	CNN.com - Aceh peace deal set for signing - Nov. 19, 2002
		The Free Aceh Movement has been fighting for independence from Indonesia for 26 years, despite most of its leadership being exiled to Sweden.
		The announcement of the imminent peace deal comes as hundreds of Indonesian forces are engaged in a standoff with the bulk of Free Aceh's troops.
		Aceh, situated on the northern tip of Indonesia's Sumatra island, was once an independent sultanate and has a long history of defiance against outside rule.
	edition.cnn.com /2002/WORLD/asiapcf/southeast/11/19/indo.aceh.peace (383 words)

	Free Acheh Movement in Europe
		Despite a negotiated ceasefire with the Indonesian military, the Free Aceh Movement (Gerakan Aceh Merdeka - GAM) is continuing to campaign for Acehnese independence, both through its political organisation based in Sweden and its military wing in Aceh.
		As the population in Aceh is 4.3 million, the Acehnese are sensitive to transmigration and it is an issue likely to be promoted or exploited by GAM.
		As individuals, Aceh leaders have interacted with their radical Islamic counterparts, but GAM has not received significant support either from an Islamic state or an Islamic armed group promoting terrorism or guerrilla warfare.
	hem.passagen.se /freeacheh/interview4.htm?k?k (2750 words)

	BBC NEWS \| World \| Asia-Pacific \| Profile: Aceh's separatists
		Aceh's freedom fighters have been battling for the province's independence for the last 26 years.
		The Free Aceh Movement (Gerakan Aceh Merdeka, or Gam) was founded on 4 December 1976 by Hasan di Tiro - a descendant of the last sultan of Aceh.
		Gam has always maintained that, when territory governed by former colonial power the Netherlands was brought together to form the Republic of Indonesia in 1949, the Kingdom of Aceh should never have been incorporated as it never formally belonged to the Dutch.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/world/asia-pacific/2558165.stm (335 words)

	ScandAsia.fi - Success of Finnish Mediator: Aceh Peace Talk (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		The peace talk between the Free Aceh Movement and the Indonesian government came to the conclusion with the help of the Finnish former President Martti Ahtisaari on 15 August 2005, after three decades of war.
		Aceh is a special territory of Indonesia, located on the northern tip of the island of Sumatra.
		The population of Aceh is estimated at 4.01 million, almost two percent of the Indonesian population.
	www.scandasia.com /viewNews.php?news_id=1848&coun_code=fi (1144 words)

	Indonesian military continues war in Aceh despite devestation : Melbourne Indymedia
		The Free Aceh Movement has been fighting for independence since 1976, and the Indonesian Government stepped up its military suppression efforts with a massive operation that began in May 2003.
		In Aceh a prominent student group has urged authorities to lift a state of emergency in the region and abandon the military offensive against the rebels.
		A Subdistrict guerrilla commander with the Free Aceh Movement (GAM) and two of his men died in a clash with troops in northern Aceh on 31 December, according to TNI military spokesman, Ari Mulya Asnawi, on the state-run news agency Antara.
	www.melbourne.indymedia.org /news/2005/01/85808.php (1228 words)

	Inside Indonesia 67 - With Aceh's guerrillas
		In Aceh, on the northwestern tip of Indonesia, some 10,000 Indonesian soldiers and around 20,000 paramilitary police had instilled in the people fear, anger and an overwhelming desire for a referendum on self-determination.
		The TNI and Brimob were obvious in Banda Aceh and the major industrial city of Lhokseumawe, but it was the highway from Banda Aceh to near the North Sumatra border that showed their real presence.
		One ASNLF official I spoke to in Banda Aceh was keen to state that his organisation did not want to impose itself on the people of Aceh.
	www.serve.com /~inside/edit69/damien.htm (1594 words)

	International Crisis Group - Aceh_ Why The Military Option (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		In June 2001, ICG wrote of the situation in Aceh: "The military solution is certain to fail as long as the security forces are incapable of exercising the degree of control and discipline over their troops necessary to prevent behaviour that alienates ordinary Acehnese".
		This briefing explores some of those options and suggests that if an offensive cannot be prevented, opportunities for resumption of negotiations should at least be continuously explored and all possible effort made to ensure that military operations are kept as limited, as transparent, and as short as possible.
		The move toward war in Aceh also underscores the urgent need for military reform to get back on track, and for domestic and international pressure to be exerted toward that end.
	www.crisisgroup.org /home/index.cfm?id=1777&l=1 (296 words)

	East-West Center: Research Publications: The Free Aceh Movement (GAM): Anatomy of a Separatist Organization
		The province of Aceh is located on the northern tip of the island of Sumatra in the Indonesian archipelago.
		Since 1976 it has been wracked by conflict between the Free Aceh Movement (Gerakan Aceh Merdeka; GAM), which is seeking to establish an independent state, and the Indonesian security forces seeking to crush this bid.
		The key to understanding GAM in the post-Suharto era and the movement's decisions, maneuvers, and statements during the three years of intermittent dialogue can be found in the exiled leadership's strategy of internationalization.
	www.eastwestcenter.org /res-rp-publicationdetails.asp?pub_ID=1449 (858 words)

	MIPT Terrorism Knowledge Base
		Founding Philosophy: The Free Aceh Movement (GAM) sought to establish an independent Islamic kingdom in the province of Aceh, located on the northern tip of the Indonesian island of Sumatra.
		Aceh was historically independent and never fully accepted Dutch colonial authority, yet was incorporated into the rest of Indonesia with its independence in 1943.
		Aceh’s wealth of natural resources, mainly timber and natural gas, has also been exploited by the central government in Jakarta, which directly takes up to 90% of the revenue from Aceh’s resources.
	www.tkb.org /Group.jsp?groupID=3600 (1031 words)

	Inside Indonesia - Digest 89 - What is the Free Aceh Movement?
		Very little is known about the inner workings of the armed Free Aceh Movement GAM (Gerakan Aceh Merdeka), but scattered Indonesian media reports indicate it now consists of two rival factions.
		The faction that denounces compromise is the original Free Aceh Movement, which more properly calls itself the Aceh Sumatra National Liberation Front (ASNLF) and is still at least nominally led by Hasan di Tiro from his base in Nordsborg, a suburb of Stockholm, Sweden.
		An initiative by Aceh provincial governor Syamsuddin Mahmud last July to open negotiations with GAM failed when the delegation of five Acehnese businessmen-intermediaries first met with the Zaini faction in Bangkok, and then met with Suhaini in Sweden.
	insideindonesia.org /digest/dig89.htm (1249 words)

	USATODAY.com - Indonesia withdraws last of 24,000 troops (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Hundreds of people turned up at the port in northern Aceh on Thursday to wave off nearly 3,800 soldiers — the last batch slated to leave under the deal, including Free Aceh Movement representative Irwandi Yusuf and Pieter Feith, head of the 240-strong EU peace monitoring mission.
		Former fighters have come down from Aceh's forested hills in recent months and several rebel leaders have returned to their homeland after more than 25 years of self-exile.
		Aceh's conflict first erupted in 1873 when Dutch colonialists occupied the previously independent sultanate.
	www.usatoday.com /news/world/2005-12-29-troops-indonesia_x.htm?csp=34 (621 words)

	ReliefWeb » Document Preview » Memorandum of understanding between the Government of the Republic of ...
		The Government of Indonesia (GoI) and the Free Aceh Movement (GAM) confirm their commitment to a peaceful, comprehensive and sustainable solution to the conflict in Aceh with dignity for all.
		Aceh has the right to conduct trade and business internally and internationally and to seek foreign direct investment and tourism to Aceh.
		1.3.4 Aceh is entitled to retain seventy (70) per cent of the revenues from all current and future hydrocarbon deposits and other natural resources in the territory of Aceh as well as in the territorial sea surrounding Aceh.
	www.reliefweb.int /rw/RWB.NSF/db900SID/SODA-6FC7HP?OpenDocument (1130 words)

	INDONESIA - ACEH
		In a special ceremony the separatists raised their movement's flag at a rebel base near Sigli to mark the anniversary.
		The guerillas also read a statement from the leader of the "Free Aceh" movement, Hasan di Tiro, calling on the United Nations to help resolve the situation in Aceh peacefully.
		Instead Indonesian authorities want to hold a vote on whether Aceh would accept a special autonomy plan for the province, giving the people more of a say in their own affairs versus maintaining the status quo.
	www.globalsecurity.org /military/library/news/1999/12/991204-aceh1.htm (540 words)

	The World Today - Indonesia signs peace pact with Free Aceh Movement
		But while the Helsinki agreement is being hailed in official circles as a major breakthrough in one of the region's longest and bloodiest conflicts, some Free Aceh Movement leaders are expressing concern that the peace deal could be derailed by local militia.
		An Australian adviser to the Free Aceh Movement, Dr Damien Kingsbury, spoke to Karen Barlow from Helsinki.
		In terms of the commanders in the field, they've spoken now with the EU representatives who were there, and the EU representatives have reported back to say that they're satisfied with the sincerity of the commitment of the field commanders.
	www.abc.net.au /worldtoday/content/2005/s1438818.htm (934 words)

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