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Topic: Free Thai Movement

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	Free Thai Cinema Movement Petition
		The Thai Censorship Board still operates on the basis of antiquated legislation dating from the Film Act of 1930, which was the time this country was still ruled by Absolute Monarchy.
		It eludes us all why Thai cinema has continued to be systematically straightjacketed even though there have been several attempts by the film community of the past 30 years to campaign for the complete overhaul of the aforementioned Film Act, whose essence functions against the spirit of genuine democracy in all manners.
		The Free Thai Cinema Movement Petition to The National Legislative Assembly and The Thai Government was created by and written by Chalida Uabumrungjit (thaifilmfoundation@gmail.com).
	www.petitiononline.com /nocut/petition.html (716 words)

	Thailand - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about Thailand
		The Thais themselves began to move into their present territory in the 8th and 9th centuries from the kingdom of Nan Chao in the Yunnan area of southwest China.
		However, there was an anti-Japanese guerrilla movement, the Free Thai, which succeeded in forcing the resignation of Phibun in 1944.
		Thai Rak Thai (TRT; Thais Love Thais), the party of Thaksin Shinawatra, a telecommunications tycoon, initially won over half the seats in the 500-seat lower house of Thailand's parliament in a general election held on 6 January 2001.
	encyclopedia.farlex.com /Thailand (2510 words)

	MSN Encarta - Thailand
		The 1930s brought about a more strident and assertive Thai nationalism, an increased role for the military in national life, and a sharp decline in the role of the monarchy and of royalty in general.
		However, the Thai government did restore to Britain and France the territories in Indochina, Burma, and the Malay Peninsula that it had gained during the war.
		Meanwhile, the United States withdrew from Southeast Asia, contributing to a decline of the Thai economy, and opposition to Thanom’s government increased in the outer provinces and in Bangkok.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761561385_11/Thailand.html (1844 words)

	Pridi Phanomyong - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		This included several amphibious landings at Thailand, such as the Battle of Prachuab Khirikhan, the Thai government quickly agreed to let the Japanese pass through and utilise its military bases in order to strike other Allied possessions in the region, including commencing the Battle of Malaya.
		Pridi refused to sign the declaration of war against Britain and the United States in 1942 and, as a result, was effectively demoted by Phibun to take on the figurehead role of Regent.
		Khuang Abhaiwongse, the liberal lawyer and a member of the Seri Thai, was chosen to be prime minister due to "his ability to dissemble with the Japanese" to shield the growing Seri Thai movement while at the same time to improve surface relations with the Japanese.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pridi_Phanomyong (977 words)

	Pattani (region) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		However, the British soon broke its war promises by reestablishing Thai presence in Pattani and the hopes of an independent Pattani was shattered.
		After the war finished, however, it was found that the Thai government in charge at that time which declared an ally with Japan was no longer a valid government.
		From Free Thai Movement contributions to the Allies intelligence during war time, Thailand was recognized as a non-ally of Japan.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pattani_Separatism (1224 words)

	About Thailand - Advertising Agency A (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		About 80% of the inhabitants of Thailand are Thai, a people of the Indochinese linguistic family who are thought to have originated in SW China and migrated to Southeast Asia at the beginning of the 1st millennium ad.
		Thai sculpture, dating from the 14th century, is a mixture of Chinese, Burmese, Hindu, and Khmer influences and is best seen in the temples and representations of Buddha.
		The French dispatched warships to Bangkok and forced the Thais to yield Cambodia and all of Laos east of the Mekong River.
	www.agencya.com /thailand/index.html (2277 words)

	Free Thai
		This sentiment was shared by the Thai minister in Washington, D.C., who ignored the instructions of the Thai government and proceeded to establish a Free Thai organization headquartered in his legation.
		Their identity as Free Thai troops was underscored by the fact their activities were financed by funds that the Thai government had on deposit in the U.S. at the outbreak of the war.
		A sleeve patch (illustrated above) bearing the words FREE THAI has been known to collectors for decades, but beyond the obvious, that the patch is connected to a group calling themselves the Fee Thai, virtually nothing was known about the origin or the use of the patch.
	www.insigne.org /OSS-Thai.htm (620 words)

	[No title]
		The primary objective of the first Thai plan was to raise the living standard by mobilization and utilizing both human and natural resources to achieve a high rate of economic growth.43 A visitor to the Northeast, Edward W. Mill, has pointed to some of the key disparities between the Northeast and other regions of Thailand.
		The aim of the movement was to "wage a struggle against United States aggression," make Thailand a genuinely "neutral"nation, and to overthrow the "reactionary" Thai central government and replace it with a "progressive" and democratic" regime.119 Furthermore, Communist CHina intensified its activity in Thailand by organizing yet another subversive organ.
		Thai authorities are also aware of the fact that refugee parents have in the past found it quite easy to obtain Thai birth certificates for their children by having a Thai citizen recognize them as his own.
	www.rci.rutgers.edu /~karnchan/thai_isa.txt (19984 words)

	simply-thai.com - Thai History
		He also creates the Thai alphabet that is basically still in use, codifies the law and conducts a reform of Buddhism practiced in his realm by establishing stricter rules for the behaviour of monks.
		The Thai alphabet invented by him draws on Sanskrit and Pali (both languages of Indian origin) as well as the written languages of the Burmese and the Khmers, both of which are also Sanskrit and Pali based.
		Thai troops refrain from chasing the Burmese as another Burmese army in the north of the kingdom is at the point of attacking Chiang Mai.
	www.simply-thai.com /Thailand_Chronology_Thai_History.htm (18253 words)

	Windows on Asia
		At gunpoint, the Thais agreed to cede Laos.
		The Thai ambassador in Washington refused to acknowledge this declaration and a Free Thai movement grew among overseas Thai and eventually within Thailand itself.
		Thai population has jumped from 38 million in 1970 to 57 million in 1991; much of the population now lives in cities and most children attend school.
	www.isp.msu.edu /asianstudies/wbwoa/seasia/Thailand/history2.html (2613 words)

	Speeches of Sulak Sivaraksa - www.sulak-sivaraksa.org (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The Thai word for “independence”, ēkarāj, is composed of the word e k a, meaning being the first, or second to none, in terms of country and people, and rāj a, meaning causing g lad ness.
		It should be remarked that the Association of S outheast Asian Nations chose Tiang Sirikhan, a Thai Member of Parliament from Sakol Nakorn, to be its president, as during the Second World War, he played an important role in the Free Thai Movement’s operations in the Northeast of Siam.
		What happened was the freedoms of the people eroded: the right of free speech were successively contained, the autonomous rule in the regions were undermined by the junta, resulting in many false charges against secessionist movements in the Northeast and the South, liberal-minded politicians and journalists were purged, prosecuted and executed.
	www.sulak-sivaraksa.org /sulak312.php?print=1 (6191 words)

	Free Thai Movement
		This movement was one of the important sources to the Allies for military intelligence in this region.
		Several of the key figures in the wartime Free Thai underground – including Thawin Udom, Thawi Thawethikul, Chan Bunnak, and Tiang Sirikhanth – were subsequently eliminated in extra-legal fashion by by the Thai police, run by Phibun’s ruthless associate Phao Sriyanond.
		Fortunately, most of the OSS and SOE Thai officers had returned to their studies in the USA and Britain shortly after the end of the war, so they avoided direct embroilment in the political violence of the late 1940s.
	encycl.opentopia.com /term/Free_Thai_Movement (1520 words)

	Bangkok's Independent Newspaper
		As the sixth round of negotiations for the Thai-US Free Trade Agreement was drawing to a close in Chiang Mai yesterday, Thai academics and protesters were re-energising their vocal anti-trade-pact efforts with a new “Free Thai Movement 2006” movement.
		During World War II the Free Thai Movement operated as a clandestine resistance aimed at ridding the country of the Japanese occupiers.
		In putting the movement’s name on their banner, activists are hoping to lend historic credence to their opposition to what they see as increasing foreign domination of Thailand’s economy.
	www.nationmultimedia.com /2006/01/14/national/index.php?news=national_19657105.html (265 words)

	La-iad Memoirs
		As a result, Thai troops were able to occupy all the lost provinces on the banks of the Mekong.
		It was unfortunate, however, that the existence of this whole gigantic underground movement was not later reported in detail to the public, although Pibul did mention it during his trial as a war criminal, and at several places in his personal records.
		The existence of this movement, preceding the Free Thai Movement launched under Pridi's leadership toward the end of the war, was known to the Allies.
	instruct1.cit.cornell.edu /courses/hist244/La-iad.html (2049 words)

	1971 Ramon Magsaysay Awardee for Journalism, Literature, and the Creative Communication Arts - Prayoon Chanyavongs (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Thai witnesses, taking all attackers to be the enemy, were flocking, weapons in hand, to assault the pilot when PRAYOON stopped them and shouted in English, "Come quick to the Thai rescuers before the Japanese get you.
		We are Thai underground fighters and not your enemy." The pilot emerged from his hiding place and PRAYOON arranged to take him to safe custody at Thammasat University just as the Japanese arrived on the scene from a speedboat on the nearby canal.
		He returned to drawing cartoons until the last year of the war when the Free Thai group disbanded and he was elected editor of the daily Ayudhya (the name of the old capital meaning invincible), the office of which was the meeting place of the former Free Thai reserves.
	www.rmaf.org.ph /Awardees/Biography/BiographyChanyavongsPra.htm (4248 words)

	Short Biography (English)
		In recognition of the brave coorperation and assistance rendered by this movement, the United States government subsequently recognized Thailand as an independent country that had been under Japanese military occupation as opposed to a belligerent state subject to Allied post war control.
		As Regent and Leader of Free Thai Movement, Pridi declared null and void Pibulsonggram government's declaration of war on the Allied as it was against the will of Thai people.
		Through the good work of the Free Thai Movement, Thailand had thus worked its passage to peace and pre-war status.
	www.geocities.com /pbanomyong/shortbio.html (800 words)

	Free-TermPapers.com - Pridi Banomyong
		In recognition of the brave cooperation and assistance rendered by this movement, the United States government subsequently recognized Thailand as an independent country that had been under Japanese military occupation as opposed to a belligerent state subject to Allied post war control.
		On 16 August 1945, at the advice of Lord Louis Mountbatten (the Allied SEA commander), as Regent and Leader of Free Thai Movement, Pridi declared null and void Pibulsonggram government's declaration of war on the Allied as it was against the will of Thai people.
		Now that our country is governed by a democratic constitution, it is particularly essential to establish a university which will allow the people, and hence the public, to develop to their utmost capability.
	www.free-termpapers.com /tp/24/hal50.shtml (1792 words)

	Thailand's Secret War - Cambridge University Press
		Members of the first group of Thai volunteers pose with friends on the grounds of the Thai Legation after receiving their commissions as Free Thai officers in December 1942.
		Free Thai officers on the trail in Yunnan province in China in 1944.
		Thus the “th” in Thai is pronounced as the “t” in “tie” rather than the “th” in “thigh” and the “ph” as the “p” in pie, not the “ph” in “phone.” Without the following “h” the consonants “t” and “p” are pronounced in an unaspirated form for which there is no direct equivalent in English.
	www.cambridge.org /uk/catalogue/catalogue.asp?isbn=0521836018&ss=fro (2557 words)

	Asia Times: EDITORIAL: That unending Thai debt mess
		That's not the way the Thai government of Prime Minister Chuan Leekpai and his economic ministers would like to see the state of the nation portrayed.
		The latest recovery hype to hit the press is the prediction, a week ahead of the release of official data by the National Economic and Social Development Board, that the economy grew by 8 percent year on year in the second quarter after having registered a 0.9 percent gain in the first.
		Well, the second quarter of last year was one of the most miserable in Thai economic history and some cyclical upturn is to be expected.
	www.atimes.com /editor/AI16Ba01.html (537 words)

	Free thai movement
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	www.facts-thailand.com /Pointers-Thailand/free-thai-movement.html (184 words)

	1996 AAS Abstracts: Interarea, Library, Teaching Session 181 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		In contrast, the Free Thai underground emerged only late in the war and did not actually launch a campaign of guerrilla warfare, but merely prepared for it in the late stages of the war.
		The first two papers in the panel are overviews of the resistance movements in the Philippines (by Ricardo T. Jose) and peninsular Malaya (by Yoji Akashi).
		He discovered that several OSS Thai agents from China were being held incommunicado as a result of Pridi's mistrust of Police General Adun Adundetcharat.
	www.aasianst.org /absts/1996abst/inter/i181.htm (1075 words)

	2Bangkok.com - Free Thai Cinema Movement Petition
		Pat of Chicago Filmmakers writes: Apichatpong ("Joe") used to live in Chicago (he attended the School of the Art Institute of Chicago) and I was one of the very first people to show his work (shorts, before he moved to features).
		Their members' relevancy and efficiency needs to be questioned, and we should decide whether the laws should be changed.
		A representative from the Thai Medical Council said that the scenes involving doctors are improper and do not portray good conduct by medical professionals.
	www.angkor.com /2bangkok/07/FreeThaiCinema.shtml (562 words)

	Remarks of the Director of Central Intelligence George J. Tenet Honoring The Free Thai Movement (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The remarkable history of the Free Thai—a history that the men and women of the OSS proudly share—speaks powerfully to us of hope and of heroism, and of the vital role that intelligence plays in defending the freedoms we all cherish.
		The American Free Thai volunteers—43 in all—underwent months of rigorous training by OSS instructors, first in the United States and later in India, Ceylon and China.
		In sum, the Free Thai volunteers played an invaluable role in preparing the ground for the eventual Japanese surrender and the restoration of Thailand’s sovereignty.
	www.cia.gov /cia/public_affairs/speeches/2000/dci_speech_05082000.html (1162 words)

	Southeast Asia and the Pacific Islands : Asian Collections: An Illustrated Guide (Library of Congress - Asian Division)
		Landon later donated hundreds of pages of transcripts of Free Thai radio broadcasts to the Library, along with a small but important collection of post-World War II Thai books on politics as well as Thai political fiction.
		Most Thai were shocked by the portrayal of their revered nineteenth-century king, Mongkut, in the musical The King and I.
		Landon's connection with the Library of Congress, however, began before his donation of the Free Thai material, going back to research by his wife, Margaret, for her book entitled Anna and the King of Siam.
	www.loc.gov /rr/asian/guide/guide-southeast.html (1686 words)

	[No title]
		The post-war Free Thai civilian rule represented an incipient opening for subordinated forces to participate in politics and the affairs of the state.
		The prescribed antidote to the communist movement was to strengthen "free" nations by identifying with fiercely anti-Communist leaders and helping them accomplish the tasks of state and nation-building.
		Phao was pivotal in the regime's consolidation of power: he destroyed the Seri Thai, eliminated potential rivals, repressed the opposition, and generally struck fear in the populace by police terror.
	www.ibiblio.org /obl/docs/cty-AJCHX5A.htm (6283 words)

	The War in Laos, 1945-54
		There were probing attacks by Thai forces in the Franco-Thai War of 1940-41 around Pakse, and the provinces of Champassak and Sayaburi were given to Thailand in the peace deal.
		While the ALDL forces on the Thai border maintained a "traditional" nationalist stance, and were eventually integrated into the RLA, those on the Vietnamese border became increasingly influenced by the VM.
		Their very existance relied on a friendly Thai state, and in the post-WW2 chaos with a Seri Thai dominated regime this was the case.
	indochine54.free.fr /hist/laos.html (3907 words)

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