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Topic: Free flight air traffic control

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Air traffic control

Air traffic control

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	Air traffic control (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Terminal control involves air traffic on the airport proper and within the immediate airport environment, within about 30 nautical miles, while enroute control handles traffic between major terminals and at locations not busy enough to deserve a dedicated terminal facility.
		Terminal controllers are responsible for the separation and efficient movement of aircraft operating on the taxiways and runways of the airport itself, and those in the air near the airport.
		A prerequisite to safe air traffic separation is the assignment and use of distinctive airline call signs that usually include up to four digits (the flight number) prefaced by a company-specific airline call sign.
	www.bidprobe.com /en/wikipedia/a/ai/air_traffic_control.html (1251 words)

	Air traffic control - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Air Traffic Control (ATC) is a service provided by ground based controllers who direct aircraft on the ground and in the air to ensure safe, orderly and efficient traffic flow.
		Tower controllers are responsible for the separation and efficient movement of aircraft and vehicles operating on the taxiways and runways of the airport itself, and aircraft in the air near the airport, generally 2 to 5 nautical miles (4 to 9 km) depending on the airport procedures.
		In air traffic control terminology, a block of airspace of predetermined size assigned to a radar air traffic controller is called a "sector".
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Air_traffic_control (3641 words)

	Federal Aviation Administration - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Air Commerce Act of May 20, 1926, is the cornerstone of the Federal Government's regulation of civil aviation.
		The act transferred air safety rulemaking from the CAB to the new FAA, and also gave the FAA sole responsibility for a common civil-military system of air navigation and air traffic control.
		A nationwide strike by the air traffic controllers union in 1981 forced temporary flight restrictions but failed to shut down the airspace system.
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Federal_Aviation_Administration (1050 words)

	Air traffic control - Open Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The day-to-day problems faced by the air traffic control system are primarily related to the volume of air traffic demand placed on the system, and weather.
		In air traffic control terminology, a block of airspace of predetermined size assigned to a radar air traffic controller is called a "sector." Depending on various factors (traffic density, etc.), a controller may be responsible for one or more sectors at any given time.
		Other correlations with electronic flight plans are also available to controllers on modern operational display systems.
	open-encyclopedia.com /Air_traffic_control (1262 words)

	Nat' Academies Press, Flight to the Future: Human Factors in Air Traffic Control (1997)
		Flight to the Future: Human Factors in Air Traffic Control any direct participation or intervention in them by the human operator; they use the term computer assistance to refer to cases in which such human involvement is possible (Hopkin, 1995).
		Flight to the Future: Human Factors in Air Traffic Control Automation systems that are currently under field testing or about to be deployed in the near future (e.g., the center-TRACON automation system—CTAS), will have a greater impact on the controller's complex cognitive activities, the role of which was discussed extensively in Chapter 5.
		Flight to the Future: Human Factors in Air Traffic Control factors also influence the controller's choice to use or not to use automation, although the relative importance of the factors and their interactions are not fully understood.
	www.nap.edu /books/0309056373/html/241.html (8593 words)

	Air Traffic Control
		This legislation authorized the Department of Commerce to “establish air traffic rules for the navigation, protection, and identification of aircraft, including rules as to safe altitudes of flight and rules for the prevention of collisions between vessels and aircraft.” The first rules were brief and basic.
		The early en route controllers tracked the position of planes using maps and flboards and little boat-shaped weights that came to be called “shrimp boats.” They had no direct radio link with aircraft but used telephones to stay in touch with airline dispatchers, airway radio operators, and airport traffic controllers.
		The FAA established a Central Flow Control Facility in April 1970, to prevent clusters of congestion from disrupting the nationwide air traffic flow.
	www.centennialofflight.gov /essay/Government_Role/Air_traffic_control/POL15.htm (1771 words)

	Mode S: An Overview of Air Traffic Control (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Air traffic control is the organization and scheduling of all air traffic.
		Early air traffic control units such as this one relied on radio communications and maps to keep track of planes in the air.
		While previously air traffic control had been done on a smaller scale, the FAA was charged to develop and maintain a broad air traffic control system that would maintain safe separation of all commercial aircraft in all stages of flight.
	web.mit.edu /6.933/www/Fall2000/mode-s/atc.html (1259 words)

	Encyclopedia: Free flight (air traffic control) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Free flight is a developing, efficient air traffic control method that uses no centralized control (e.g.
		Human air traffic controllers will be phased out as the process will become highly automated.
		Air Traffic Control Towers (ATCTs) at Schiphol Airport Air Traffic Control (ATC) is a service provided by ground based Controllers who direct aircraft on the ground and in the air to ensure safe, orderly and efficient traffic flow.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Free-flight-(air-traffic-control) (226 words)

	Free Birth Control Pills -- Recommendations and Resources (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Birth control generally refers to any plan or method used to alter or avoid the body's natural state of fertility, thereby preventing or reducing the probability of pregnancy without abstaining from sexual intercourse; the term is also sometimes used to include abortion and natural family planning.
		Birth control is a controversial political and ethical issue in many cultures and religions.
		It is coupled to a locomotive (or a consist of locomotives) which lack remote control equipment; it is set to be the lead locomotive in command of the others, controlling them through their multiple unit control connections.
	www.becomingapediatrician.com /health/59/free-birth-control-pills.html (855 words)

	Navigation Tutorial Page 9 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		In order to keep air traffic flowing smoothly and safely, the nation's air traffic management system has for years been using "airways" in the sky.
		An airway is a designated space of air through which aircraft are directed to fly by air traffic control.
		This ensures that air traffic traveling in one general direction moves smoothly through the controlled airspace system maintaining a safe distance between each aircraft by having them fly at certain flight speeds and flight levels or altitudes.
	virtualskies.arc.nasa.gov /navigation/tutorial/tutorial9.html (450 words)

	Air traffic control
		Yet at some air traffic control centers, air traffic controllers still record data for each flight on strips of paper and personally coordinate their paths.
		Primary and Secondary Radar are used to build situational awareness of a cube of sky, where all types of aircraft send echoes back to the radar pulses depending on their size, and Transponder equipped aircraft return a signal that give an ID (mode A), an altitude (mode C) and/or an Unique Callsign (mode S).
		When a risk of collision is identified by aircrew or ground controllers an "air miss"or "air prox" report can be filed with the air traffic control authority concerned.
	www.fastload.org /ai/Air_traffic_control.html (643 words)

	Lusch's Midair Collision Investigations
		When FAA air traffic control radar detects aircraft, those aircraft targets ought to be displayed on the air traffic controller's scope who is providing radar service to pilots in that area.
		ATCA is a non-profit, non-government, professional organization, established in 1956, dedicated to progress in the science of air traffic control and the preservation of a safe flight environment.
		With primary radar capabilities, the air traffic controller may still be able to track the aircraft and possibly provide assistance if the pilot is using a backup emergency radio.
	home.columbus.rr.com /lusch (2202 words)

	EDP Weekly's IT Monitor: Src To Develop 'Free Flight' Air Traffic Control Concept For Nasa (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The three new task orders involve: creating air traffic scenarios or simulations; software for cockpit-based automated decision support tools; and development of various concepts for future air traffic control systems.
		Free flight is an evolutionary air traffic control concept.
		Instead of having ground-based air traffic control systems -- where pilots can deviate from pre-defined air routes only at the discretion of controllers working on the ground -- free flight would permit pilots to fly the most expeditious, direct flight path to their destination.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0GZQ/is_24_40/ai_54890860 (370 words)

	Basic 3 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Air traffic control is a service provided to promote the safe, orderly, and expeditious flow of air traffic.
		Local Controller (TWR) - Also located in the Control Tower, Local is in control of all arriving, departing, and enroute aircraft on the runways, in the VFR traffic patterns, and in the Class D airspace.
		Controlled Airspace is airspace where air traffic control service is provided to IFR and VFR flights.
	vatusa.org /training/study_guides/bas3.htm (6748 words)

	AeroWorldNet(tm)-Farnborough '98 Daily Headline News
		And with the opportunities presented by Global Positioning System navigation and "free flight" air traffic control, direct flights will mean even less time wasted.
		As an air ambulance, it can land at the scene of a car wreck, take two stretcher patients head to toe in its cabin with room for medical personnel beside them, and race them to any hospital with a helipad.
		But its committed customers will have to wait: First flight is planned for fall of 2000 and the first delivery in the spring of 2002.
	www.aeroworldnet.com /1in09108.htm (742 words)

	Nat'l Academies Press: Flight to the Future: Human Factors in Air Traffic Control
		Under these circumstances, safety relies on the skills of the controllers and pilots and on reducing the number of aircraft in the air.
		It focuses on balancing safety with the expeditious flow of air traffic, identifying lessons from past air accidents.
		It will be of interest to anyone concerned about air safety--policymakers, regulators, air traffic managers and controllers, airline officials, and passenger advocates.
	www.nap.edu /catalog/5493.html (389 words)

	Real time flight tracking and airline flight tracking software for aviation professionals and home users.
		Airline flight tracking in real time has been made simple and affordable whether you are an aviation professional or a home user with an avid interest in aircraft.
		If tracking airline flights is something you need to do with precision for your profession or want to do because it interests you, then you have come to the right place to find the software that is right for you.
		Not only will you be able to use real time flight tracking and view airline flights, but you will also be able to view airport information, get updates on weather, see photographs of tracked airplanes, hear live cockpit messages and more.
	www.airnavsystems.com (416 words)

	Live Air Traffic Control \| Live Airport Webcams \| Live ATC
		Three favorites are a Boeing 737-7 in a late 90 degree right turn, a KLM 747 landing, and an Air France 747 coming in very low over a beach.
		Air Traffic Control System Command Center (ATCSCC) – There are from 4,000 to 6,000 aircraft operating in the National Airspace System (NAS) during peak periods.
		The role of the ATCSCC is to manage this flow of air traffic within the continental United States.
	www.futurastudios.com /atc.html (583 words)

	Welcome to the ATCsimulator®2 Website
		"..controllers are reaching the breaking point of what they feel they can safely handle in light of the chronic failure and may have to resort to using non-radar procedures to separate flights in their airspace.."
		This is the most comprehensive air traffic simulation package on the market today.
		The source of the live feed is also by subscription only, purchased seperately from Flight Explorer.
	www.atcsimulator.com (673 words)

	air traffic control simulator
		This shows what French air traffic controllers of "en route" centers will get on their screens in the near future.
		New since 16 may 2002: a game on air traffic control....
		You'll find 4 free to use simulations of air traffic control, all done with the Macromedia program called Flash.
	www.cunimb.com /english (168 words)

	ATC Simulations
		Air Command ATC -- Very unrealistic (how many United B747s fly into Catalina, anyways?), but pleasant, in a beer-and-pretzels way.
		Air Traffic Control Center -- Xavius' complex, but utterly realistic and addictive ATC simulator.
		Tower -- Control traffic at one of three airports with a 360 degree view of the airport.
	www.ags.uci.edu /~tmheaney/SNA/ATCsims.htm (608 words)

	EUROCONTROL - The GEARS Conflict Resolution Algorithm
		The algorithm is primarily intended for use in free-flight air traffic control simulations but might also be used in operational applications (ground or air-based) should conflict resolution assistance be required.
		The algorithm may be used for prioritized planning of the motion of a number of aircraft.
		It may also be used to solve motion-planning problems in domains other than air traffic control.
	www.eurocontrol.be /eec/public/standard_page/1997_report_321.html (249 words)

	Nat' Academies Press, The Future of Air Traffic Control: Human Operators and Automation (1998)
		Kreifeldt, J.G. 1980 Cockpit-displayed traffic information and distributed management in air traffic control.
		Krozel, J., and M. Peters 1997 Conflict detection and resolution for free flight.
		Flight to the Future: Human Factors in Air Traffic Control (1997)
	www.nap.edu /books/0309064120/html/273.html (541 words)

	Title page for ETD etd-32798-131656
		This thesis deals with innovative concept of air traffic operations such as Free Flight.
		Then flight trajectories are developed for different alternatives to the Free Flight operational concept.
		Finally, a comparison of these Free Flight alternatives with current operational concept is conducted to investigate an impact of Free Flight on Air Traffic Control.
	scholar.lib.vt.edu /theses/available/etd-32798-131656 (129 words)

	Welcome to Air Traffic Kites & Games (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		It has a flat sided rim for more target surface contact and friction, and to slow it down for controlled upshots.
		The flight is designed to be neutral in stability with minimal fade so you'll land flat where you aim.
		Frisbee Golf) is one the fastest growing sports/hobbies in the nation and Air Traffic can fulfill all of your disc golfing needs.
	www.atraffic.com (402 words)

	NOMISSOFT - The experts for simulating Airliners
		Fly the most realistic flight models ever done on a PC around whole of Europe and across the Atlantic in highly detailed and accurate scenery.
		Experience the feel of aircraft and realistic workload of handling pilots in ATC guided flights through all weather conditions, cooperate with the virtual first officer who will do the system work on your command.
		The photograph shows the winning team of Interstate 8 (the unofficial European Championship of Flight Simulation) after flying 12 sectors within 24 hours (background left to right: Urs Wildermuth, Simon Hradecky, Richard RAC Cook; Foreground left to right: Steve Garry, Steve Kelly, Maria James and Tonny Koops).
	www.nomissoft.com (293 words)

	Research at Embry Riddle (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		An air traffic control training laboratory with 15 ATC workstations.
		experience in civilian and military air traffic control both in the US and internationally.
		The data from this lab can be integrated into studies involving flight, free flight air traffic control, and traffic flow management.
	www.erau.edu /research/aas/aaslab.html (186 words)

	Welcome to PPRuNe
		Indeed, there are over 70 forums to choose from although some are private airline specific and only accessible by invitation if you are employed by the airline.
		Feel free to browse all the public forums and should you feel the urge to take part in any of the discussions then just register a Username for yourself and as soon as you are approved you can take part.
		Remember to read the FAQ's (Frequently Asked Questions) and if you are not too au fait with the internet or computers there is a forum dedicated to answering your questions too.
	www.pprune.org (492 words)

	Innovation (March/April 1999) - Aerospace Technology Development
		As the primary flight display of the future, it will displace decades-old "steam gauge" instrumentation.
		A multifunction display of position navigation, terrain map, weather and air traffic information is expected, in addition to digital (datalink) radios to send and receive flight data.
		The team will work toward the year 2001 to complete hardware and software development and flight certification of this totally new concept for presenting critical, flight-path guidance information to the pilot.
	ipp.nasa.gov /innovation/Innovation72/aviation.htm (570 words)

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