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Topic: Free software movement

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Free software

Open Source Software

Proprietary software

Free Software Foundation

Software

Richard Stallman

Anarchism

Stuttering

Ext2

GNU Manifesto

Augustine of Hippo

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The Pied Piper of Hamelin

University of Waterloo

Suleyman the Magnificent

	Free software movement - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The goal of the movement is to give freedom to computer users by replacing proprietary software with restrictive licensing terms with free software.
		Moreover, they may use the term "free software" to distance themselves from claims that "open source" software is always technically superior to proprietary software (which is often demonstrably false, at least in the short term).
		Their basic disagreement with the Free Software Foundation is its blanket condemnation of proprietary software.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Free_software_movement (349 words)

	Free software - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The usual way for software to be distributed as free software is for the software to be accompanied by a free software license (or be in the public domain), and the source code of the software to be made available (for a compiled language).
		Software development for the GNU operating system began in January 1984, and Free Software Foundation (FSF) was founded in October 1985.
		Software that is not free software is known as proprietary software.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Free_software (3001 words)

	FSF - The Free Software Definition
		Free software is a matter of the users' freedom to run, copy, distribute, study, change and improve the software.
		Software developers do not have the power to eliminate or override these restrictions, but what they can and must do is refuse to impose them as conditions of use of the program.
		To decide whether a specific software license qualifies as a free software license, we judge it based on these criteria to determine whether it fits their spirit as well as the precise words.
	www.fsf.org /licensing/essays/free-sw.html (1331 words)

	Free Software - Ciaran O'Riordan
		It details that software is free software if everyone that receives a copy is free to run the software for any purpose, to examine it and adapt it to their needs, to copy it, and to redistributed it in modified or unmodified form.
		Free software is about computer users' freedom to help themselves, and their freedom to cooperate with eachother.
		So that code from seperate free software packages could be combined, and to prevent the duplication of work (which leads to flaws), he wrote a free software copyleft-style license for the public which was general enough to be usable for any software project.
	ciaran.compsoc.com /free-software.html (1452 words)

	Free software (Linux Reviews)
		Freedom from such restrictions is central to the concept of "free software", such that the opposite of free software is proprietary software, and not software which is sold for profit, such as commercial software.
		Free software may sometimes be known as libre software, FLOSS, or open source software.
		Most free software is distributed gratis online, or off-line for the marginal cost of distribution, but this is not required, and people may sell copies for any price.
	linuxreviews.org /dictionary/Free_software (2336 words)

	Towards a Standard of Freedom: Creative Commons and the Free Software Movement
		As the GPL is revised and replaced [2], Free Software remains unchanged.
		Free software advocates have been able to use the free software definition as the rallying point for a powerful social movement.
		Free software, like the concept of freedom in any freedom movement, is something that one can demand, something that one can protest for, and something that one can work toward.
	mako.cc /writing/toward_a_standard_of_freedom.html (2124 words)

	Free Software Foundation of India \| Weave our own code. Together. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The word `free' in Free Software has a similar meaning as in free speech, free people and free country and should not be confused with its other meaning associated with zero-cost.
		Think of Free Software as software which is free of encumbrances, not necessarily free of cost.
		Nagarjuna G., Chairman, Free Software Foundation of India and Scientist at Homi Bhaba Centre for Science Education, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research presented a talk on Open Standards: What it means to the user, government and industry at the Bombay Chamber of Commerce and Industry yesterday.
	www.fsf.org.in (513 words)

	Free Software Movement - Anarchopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The Free Software Movement is an example of an emergent movement with anarchist characteristics.
		The nature of the GPL and many other free licenses is such that there is a collective sharing of resources (in this case, source code) between all developers, thus putting into practice the theories behind anarcho-socialists' perspective on private property and economic organization.
		Richard Stallman, the founder of Free Software Foundation and the originator of GNU Project, puts these 4 rights as the requirenment for for the software project to be considered "free software":
	eng.anarchopedia.org /index.php/Free_Software_movement (310 words)

	Open Source - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation (FSF)
		The Free Software movement and the Open Source movement are today separate movements with different views and goals, although we can and do work together on some practical projects.
		The official definition of ``open source software,'' as published by the Open Source Initiative, is very close to our definition of free software; however, it is a little looser in some respects, and they have accepted a few licenses that we consider unacceptably restrictive of the users.
		Lakhani and Wolf's paper on the motivation of free software developers says that a considerable fraction are motivated by the view that software should be free.
	www.gnu.org /philosophy/free-software-for-freedom.html (2551 words)

	FSF - The Free Software Foundation
		Read more about free software in our essays section, in the philosophy section of gnu.org, and in the pages of the independently published Free Software Magazine.
		Today the GNU GPL is the most widely used Free Software license, and as its author, the FSF works to help the wider community use and comprehend it.
		The Free Software Directory was started in September 1999 to catalog all useful free software that runs under free operating systems.
	www.fsf.org (598 words)

	Free software concepts
		In fact, the philosophy promoted by the free software movement is not that different from the one proposed by the scientific movement till a long time already: to put in common ideas and collective knowledge to allow the progression of the research and the growth of this knowledge.
		In the free software world, the reactivity described in the previous paragraph is a garanty of increased security,...
		As long as an actor respects the rules by freeing his code (it's the case of the rpm and deb formats for example), there is little risk from the comunity point of view.
	www.tldp.org /HOWTO/HP-HOWTO/concepts.html (3839 words)

	ZNet \|Corporate Globalization \| Free Software as a Social Movement
		The aim of the free software movement is to escape from non-free software.
		Non-free software is basically antisocial, it subjugates it users, and it should not exist.
		And free software is a part of that movement.
	www.zmag.org /content/showarticle.cfm?ItemID=9350 (4435 words)

	Free Software Movement - Libertarian Wiki
		The free software movement (free, as in free-speech) is a vibrant and growing community that seeks to make high quality software freely available to the public.
		It calls into question the institution of copyright, which is a topic of dispute among libertarians.
		This may be considered a sub-movement within the free culture movement, though the free software movement probably provided the inspiration for the wider movement.
	libertarianwiki.org /Free_Software_Movement (83 words)

	Free Software Advocacy + Politics (Australia)
		I'm interested in linking the free software movement with the struggle for social justice and developing the synergies between them, and in connecting free software with freedom of information issues in other areas.
		George Grisancich and I met with Barry Jones in 1999 to discuss free software, and he seemed quite receptive.
		the ambiguity of "free software", it emphasizes "access to source code" at the expense of other important ideas.
	danny.oz.au /free-software (429 words)

	Letter to DOJ on Microsoft
		In particular, these clauses and others in the agreement do not reflect an appreciation for the importance of new software development models, including those "open source" or "free" software development models which are now widely recognized as providing an important safeguard against Microsoft monopoly power, and upon which the Internet depends.
		Indeed, there is ample evidence that Microsoft is focused on strategies to cripple the free software movement, which it publicly considers an important competitive threat.
		The agreement provides Microsoft with a rich set of strategies to undermine the development of free software, which depends upon the free sharing of technical information with the general public, taking advantage of the collective intelligence of users of software, who share ideas on improvements in the code.
	www.cptech.org /ms/nader-doj01282002.html (2013 words)

	Philosophy of the GNU Project - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation (FSF)
		Free software is a matter of freedom: people should be free to use software in all the ways that are socially useful.
		Software Patents and Literary Patents, by Richard M. Stallman, speaking of patenting artistic techniques, US patent (6,935,954) covers making game characters start to hallucinate when (according to the game) they are being driven insane.
		Free Software and Sustainable Development - A short article by Dr. Stallman regarding the use of proprietary software in cultural development.
	www.gnu.org /philosophy/philosophy.html (3137 words)

	The Free Software Definition - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation (FSF)
		One important way to modify a program is by merging in available free subroutines and modules.
		If the program's license says that you cannot merge in an existing module, such as if it requires you to be the copyright holder of any code you add, then the license is too restrictive to qualify as free.
		If a contract-based license restricts the user in an unusual way that copyright-based licenses cannot, and which isn't mentioned here as legitimate, we will have to think about it, and we will probably conclude it is non-free.
	www.gnu.org /philosophy/free-sw.html (1471 words)

	Free Software
		This usage of the name "Free Software" was common in the Unix world and recently introduced to the general computer community.
		Free Software is also referred to as Freed Software, Liberated Software (software libre) or FRS (freely redistributable software).
		The precise meaning of Free Software is spelled out in the Debian Free Software Guidelines or the Free Software Definition while Open Source is defined officially by the Open Source Definition.
	www.free-soft.org (530 words)

	Towards a Standard of Freedom: Creative Commons and the Free Software Movement (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Creative Commons is described as a movement translating the Free and Open Source software movement model to other forms of creative works.
		[1] The Free and Open Source Software movements are parallel movements with a complex relationship and history outside the scope of this essay.
		I think the free software definition is a generally excellent set of rules for software.
	www.advogato.org /article/851.html (4398 words)

	Free & Open Source Software WWW Resources - Philosophy, Free Software Movement, Open Source, FLOSS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The Open Source movement, on the other hand, is more concerned with developing software in a collaborative method such that the resulting product is superior to closed products that had been developed with fewer brains with lesser diversity among them.
		Many Open Source software products indeed are used under the terms set by the Free Software Movement (GNU/Linux is a famous example, in which the Linux kernel (see: www.linux.org) is developed under the open source banner but is used under the GNU GPL free source licensing mechanism – see GNU GPL).
		A Rebuttal to Meyer’s “The Ethics of Free Software”
	www.eit.in /sw/free_software/free_software.html (3536 words)

	Roaring Penguin - Supports the free software movement
		This movement gives software users the right to the source code for the software they use — putting the power of software in the users' hands rather than in the hands of software companies.
		In the free software world, software writers share software with the community at large.
		CanIt is not Free Software, however, because redistribution is not permitted.
	www.roaringpenguin.com /penguin/free_software.php (335 words)

	CRN \| Stallman Clarifies Free Software Movement (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		We'd rather our software be easier for businesses to use, but their convenience won't take priority over human beings' freedom.
		I'm an advocate for free software and it's not the same philosophy as open source.
		They adopted a variant of our criteria for free software; we didn't design the GPL to be an open source license.
	crn.com /sections/breakingnews/dailyarchives.jhtml?articleId=177102379 (1501 words)

	Technology Review: Emerging Technologies and their Impact (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		At the far end was a large screen, where 20 to 30 kids were watching an instructor explain the workings of some video-editing software.
		Every machine was running free software only -- GNU/Linux as the operating system, Mozilla as the browser, and a suite of media production software, most of which I had never seen on any machine anywhere.
		The Brazilians were our guides, and I was there to understand what a "free software lab" was all about.
	www.technologyreview.com /InfoTech/wtr_14505,300,p1.html (396 words)

	Irish Free Software Organisation (IFSO) - Homepage (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Free Software is software that comes with the freedom to study it, modify it, and redistribute it.
		The Irish Free Software Organisation works to promote awareness of Free Software, and to protect the rights of those who use and write it.
		The software patent event was a success; transcripts, slides, and recordings now available; thanks to all contributors
	www.ifso.ie (259 words)

	Open Source Initiative OSI - Welcome (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		You can read about successful software products that have these properties, and about our certification mark and program, which allow you to be confident that software really is "Open Source." We also make copies of approved open source licenses here.
		And this can happen at a speed that, if one is used to the slow pace of conventional software development, seems astonishing.
		We in the open source community have learned that this rapid evolutionary process produces better software than the traditional closed model, in which only a very few programmers can see the source and everybody else must blindly use an opaque block of bits.
	www.opensource.org (497 words)

	Humorix \| Microsoft Embraces "Free Software" Movement
		"We are fully embracing the concept of free software," Gates said while dozens of reporters sat with their jaws on the floor.
		It appears that the core Free Edition will only include the Windows kernel, Internet Explorer (impossible to remove), a bastardized TCP/IP stack, the Microsoft Outlook Virus Delivery Platform, and the Windows License Manager application, called SLAVE (System License Activation and Verification Engine).
		The Blartner Group issued a statement saying, "This is exactly the kind of visionary move that we have been predicting for the last five years.
	humorix.org /articles/2005/03/free-strings (590 words)

	InformationWeek \| Open Source \| Congressman Criticized For Attacking Free Software Movement \| October 24, 2002 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Oct 24, 2002 12:00 AM Microsoft, the House technology committee, and a Washington state congressman are involved in a flap over free software.
		Adam Smith, D-Wash., whose biggest campaign contributor is Microsoft, was criticized by the technology committee Wednesday for an addendum to an official letter that criticized open-source software distributed under the GNU General Public License.
		The letter's authors want the White House's national cybersecurity plan, due for completion next month, to ensure that companies that develop software using federal money are free to sell the resulting products for commercial gain.
	www.informationweek.com /story/IWK20021024S0001 (550 words)

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