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Topic: Free-reed instrument


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 REED - LoveToKnow Article on REED
Directly-blown reed instruments comprise the section of modern wind instruments known as the wood wind, with the exception of flute and piccolo; they are classified according to the kind of reedvibrator of which the mouthpiece is composed.
The single reed is common to all the members of the clarinet family, consisting, besides the clarinet, of the basset-horn or tenor, and of the bass and pedal clarinets; of the batyphone, an early bass clarinet, and of the saxophone, a metal oboe with a beating reed instead of a double reed.
The double reed is common to the members of the oboe family, consisting, besides the oboe, of the cor anglais or tenor, of the fagotto or bassoon, and of the contra fagotto or double bassoon.
www.1911encyclopedia.org /R/RE/REED.htm

  
 The acoustics of the Asian free red mouth organs
The free reeds coupled to pipe resonators in the instruments under consideration seem to behave as "opening" or "outward striking" reeds as discussed by Fletcher [6], with the sounding frequency of the reed-pipe combination is above the natural frequencies of both the reed and the pipe.
Unlike the free reeds found in Western instruments such as the reed organ, accordion, and harmonica, the reeds of the Asian free reed mouth organs are not only coupled to pipe resonators, but are approximately symmetric, so that the same reed can operate on both vacuum and pressure (inhaling and exhaling).
In the single note per pipe instruments, a finger hole is drilled at a point that destroys the pipe resonance and prevents the reed from sounding unless the hole is closed.
www.public.coe.edu /~jcotting/ISMAjpc1-1.htm

  
 Work: December 2003 Archives
It is time that instruments of such importance as the accordion and other free reed instruments in the United States receive a level of professionalism equal to that of musical practices that have long been cherished by musicologists.
American reed organs, the manufacture of which was centered in Boston in the early 19th century, were popular in the homes of elite society; because of this position in high society, sufficient documentation has survived, comparable to that of pianofortes from the same period.
That an instrument invented in the early 19th century in Germany has become one of the most popular instruments in North and South America, in dozens of musical styles from almost every country, is a phenomenon that deserves considerable focus, in light of recent critical movements such as diasporic studies and postcolonial studies.
work.billtron.org /archives/2003_12.php

  
 Articles - Free reed aerophone
A free reed aerophone is a musical instrument where sound is produced as air passes a reed in a chamber, causing the reed to vibrate.
In a free-reed instrument, it is the physical characteristics of the reed itself, such as mass, length, cross-sectional area and stiffness, that primarily determine the pitch ( frequency) of the musical note produced.
The oldest known free-reed instrument is the Laotian khene, widely accepted as the musical ancestor of the harmonica and accordion.
www.free-biz.org /articles/Free-reed_instrument

  
 Free Reed - Accordion, Melodeon, Concertina, Harmonica
The Abbe Georg Josef Vogler had a role in introducing the concept of the free reed principle to Europe and by his death in 1814 many prototype instruments were being made with a variety of names and shapes.
The Melodeon was developed from the Harmonica and other primitive free reed instruments early in the 19th century, in the border area between Saxony and Bohemia.
The general idea of the free reed instrument had been around for some time, and its earliest form, the Chinese Sheng, was around thousands of years ago.
www.hobgoblin.com /american.htm

  
 WESTERN FREE REED INSTRUMENTS
During the 19th and early 20th centuries, a variety of instruments were developed that had a mouthpiece with a single blow hole and keys or buttons to select the free reeds to be sounded by the player's breath.
A very common use of mouth blown free reed, still popular today, is as pitch pipes to sound a given notes as a pitch reference for a choir, or to which to tune another instrument.
They only reason they sound at all is that they are coupled with pipes of an appropriate length and this acoustic coupling gives the Claviola a unique tone - more like that of a clarinet than a typical free reed instrument.
www.patmissin.com /history/western.html

  
 The Classical Free-Reed, Inc. Taxonomy of Musical Instruments
This instrument is extremely hard to classify exactly, since, depending on the shape of the cavity created between the thumbs, the grass reed can be proved to be both beating and free, or neither.
Many free aerophones do not use pipes (accordion, concertina, etc.), but for those instruments that do have pipes (such as the shêng, sho, khaen and organ reed pipes), pipe length has no effect on the pitch, although the pipe does function as an acoustical reinforcement for the sound.
Most tongues of free-reeds are made from metal, but tongues of primitive free-reed instruments, like the naw, are made from cane.
www.ksanti.net /free-reed/description/taxonomy.html

  
 The Asian Free Reed
Instruments of this type are based on the principle of a free vibrating reed, unlike the single beating reed of the clarinet or saxophone, and likewise unlike the double reed instruments like the Western oboe, or the Indian shahnai and Chinese sona.
The principle of the free reed appears to have had its inception in Asia and after spreading there was subsequently introduced into with West where it developed into such instruments as the harmonica, the accordion, the harmonium and the free reed organ.
The klui of Thailand is an interesting and unique example of a free reed functioning as the sound generator for a flute.
aris.ss.uci.edu /rgarfias/courses/asian/freereed.html

  
 Electric Blues Club - Links to Single and Double Reed Resources and sites
Hobgoblin Music Folk and Celtic Traditional Musical Instruments Providing hard to find folk and celtic instruments for over 20 years, including a variety of free-reed plus instrument advice.
Reed Instruments - Most of our research on the reed instruments is on how the vocal tract of the player interacts with the reed and with the bore of the instrument.
Reed instruments in Romania- Cimpoi - the Romanian bagpipe.
www.electricbluesclub.co.uk /reedlinks.html

  
 Pitch Bending Free Reed Instruments
Acoustic pitch bending technology for free reed instruments includes the underlying physical mechanisms by which the reed can be made to alter pitch, and secondly, the methods by which the musician can be made to be in control of the bend.
I went through the long winded digression above simply because the asian musicians and their free reed instruments have been bending notes for centuries, and this activity results primarily because of the presence of a resonator, whose length is determined by the use of finger holes intimately controlled by the player.
As digression, we mention certain asian musical instruments that have at their heart free reeds as sound source.
www.bluesbox.biz /pages/3

  
 Free Reed Instrument Care
Reed tuning and adjustment is a very skilled job, and unless you really know your stuff, we recommend leaving all other reed work to the professionals.
Concertina reeds are not waxed in, but with older concertinas the likely result of great heat is a crack in the wooden plate where the pads rest, which will cause leaks, and is hard to mend easily.
The clearance between the reed and the frame which holds it is very small, and a speck of dust will often lodge between the reed and frame causing it to stop up altogether, or maybe make buzzing or rattling noises.
www.hobgoblin-usa.com /info/freecare.htm

  
 tina-history.html
Steel 'vibrators', as reed tongues were called, were first introduced by Wheatstones at the request of concert virtuosi such as Blagrove and Regondi: such reeds kept their pitch well and produced much more volume, and were to become generally available as an option on all Wheatstone instruments from the early 1860s onwards.
For their 'clarionet' concertinas, whose tone was intended to resemble that of the clarinet or oboe, Wheatstone's used steel reed tongues of a markedly fish-tail shape, which when combined with harmonically tuned reed chambers, did indeed have a marked effect in the tone of these instruments.
From about 1845, the reed pans of all Wheatstone concertinas had a circular paper pan-label affixed to their inner face which has all of the note names and 'note frame' or reed bed sizes printed upon it to guide the outworkers as to which size of bed was to be used for each note.
www.d-and-d.com /contributions/tina-history.html

  
 Free Reed Magazine
Neil Wayne: Leading authority on the history, invention and development of the concertina and related free-reeded instruments, including the work of Charles Wheatstone and the Wheatstone workshops of the 1830's to 1880's and the spread of many rival firms of concertina makers in the 19th century.
Rare surviving stocks of Free Reed label vinyl LPs
The history of the instrument is written, the Wayne Concertina Museum?s Collection of over 1400 exhibits by all known makers, and its holdings of original music, catalogues, factory records and archives is now preserved and destined for display at The Horniman Museum.
www.freedmus.demon.co.uk /conctv.htm

  
 Allan Atlas--Free-Reed Renaissance
The CSFRI, part of the Doctoral Program in Music at the Graduate Center, City University of New York, is a resource for the scholarly study of all free-reed instruments (sheng, harmonica, accordion, etc.) and contains much of interest to concertinists.
It is very difficult for all instruments, especially the Concertina, and to thoroughly master it with the correct fingering &c.
Chapters deal with holding the instrument (with illustrations), manipulating the bellows (the most extensive discussion in print), single-note technique, and playing chords and contrapuntal textures.
www.maccann-duet.com /atlas

  
 Jax RCFB Free Reed Musical Instruments Page
The primary focus is on the hand-held bellows-driven free reed instruments: accordion and concertina.
Squeezebox 101 is a "field guide" to hand-held, bellows-drive free-reed musical instruments.
Aldon Sanders records free reeds as a "one man band".
www.well.com /~jax/rcfb/freereed.html

  
 Free Reed Festival 2000
One major effect that free reed instruments have had on Welsh music is to give it punch at the bass end, a wumph that was lacking when harps and fiddles were the primary instruments.
We've always found these instruments ideal for producing dance music and song accompaniment with bite, and we can safely claim to be the first to use free reeds as the main sound in Welsh music, going right back to our earliest albums in the late 1970s.
It can't just be coincidence that the last three Welsh CDs to be released all focus, to one degree or another on free reeds.
www.rootsworld.com /freereed/2000/wales.html

  
 Center for the Study of Free-Reed Instruments
In addition, CSFRI is in the process of establishing a research archive of primary and secondary materials (music, recordings, books, articles, etc.) pertaining to free-reed instruments, with the aim of making its collection accessible to those interested in the subject.
The jewel of the collection is The Guido Deiro Archive, donated to the Center by Count Guido Roberto Deiro in March 2001.
web.gc.cuny.edu /freereed/newsite

  
 reed at CarsWizz.com
The Free-Reed Journal Articles and Essays Featuring Classical Free-Reed Instruments and Performers...
I hope that the information on these pages will help you understand more about double reed instruments and more...
Reed's official site, with information on his latest projects, a timeline, online diary and discography.
www.carswizz.com /reed.html

  
 Rootster
A museum of Asian free reed instruments : The 'free reed' family of instruments has a history far longer than the accordion, and musician Randy Raine-Reusch has created a virtual museum of the Asian instruments that are the earliest members of this musical family.
The Classical Free Reed is a non-profit organization dedicated to the classical uses of the accordion, bayan and other free reed instruments.
Historical Free Reed Recordings - Haka Widar has a Real Audio version of a different historical song every month, some crazy, some beautiful but all unique.
www.rootster.com /freereed

  
 BUBL LINK: Wind instruments
Information about the educational and cultural organisation dedicated to the advancement of the free-reed instruments (such as the accordion, concertina, harmonium, reed organ and harmonica).
Collection of articles and essays featuring classical free-reed instruments and performers.
Provides details of his business of general musical instrument sales and manufacture, images of prototype concertinas, and others depicting the instrument's evolution over the years.
bubl.ac.uk /link/w/windinstruments.htm

  
 Music: Instruments
Offers information about free reed instruments including the accordian, bayan, concertina, harmonica, sheng and reed organ.
The Met presents an international array of musical instruments of historical, technical, and social importance, as well as tonal and visual beauty, from accordions to zithers.
Photographs and audio samples of instruments from around the world, organized alphabetically, geographically, and by type.
www.games-directory.info /dir/Arts/Music/Instruments/index.cgi

  
 Bard Dance - My Instruments - Free Reed
Bard Dance - My Instruments - Free Reed
The free reed family includes concertinas& accordions
They are strange instruments after all, with the pull push bellows and the breathy not-quite-a-harmonica sound, and you don't get to hear them much in mainstream music.
www.barddance.org /instfreereed.htm

  
 Free Reed Festival 2000:
Now, other free-reed instruments are coming into their own--the bandoneon, the melodeon, the concertina and even the harmonica.
Aside from the traditional music with which the accordion is linked, the Free Reed Fest will offer musicians from all over the world with an equally far-flung approach.
This polka-issue instrument has suddenly taken on a veneer of cool.
www.rootsworld.com /freereed/2000/press.html

  
 asian instruments
The Classical Free-Reed, Inc. History of the Free-Reed Instruments in Classical Music Asian Free-Reed Instruments by Henry Doktorski (copyright 2000) Part One: The Chinese Shêng Illustration 1: The...
The Classical Free-Reed, Inc. History of the Free-Reed Instruments in Classical Music Asian Free-Reed Instruments by Henry Doktorski (copyright 2000) Part Three: The Laotian Khaen Illustration 16: The...
We have collected together, here, an incredible resource site devoted purely to asian instruments, here you will find quality resources, articles, links, news items, and masses and masses of information all about asian instruments
www.intellectualoutcastscafe.com /articles/asian-instruments.html

  
 Concertinas, Accordians, Free Reed Instruments - Greenwich Music Shop
Concertinas, Accordians, Free Reed Instruments - Greenwich Music Shop
BB - bone buttons, MB - metal buttons, WE - wooden ends, ME - metal ends, 5F or 6F - 5 or 6 fold bellows, SR - steel reeds, BR - brass reeds, CP - concert pitch.
Nichols and Son C/G (worked for Wheatstone before Lachenal) Anglo Concertina 31 buttons.
www.greenwichmusicshop.co.uk /free_reed.htm

  
 The Classical Free-Reed, Inc. Taxonomy of Musical Instruments
This instrument is extremely hard to classify exactly, since, depending on the shape of the cavity created between the thumbs, the grass reed can be proved to be both beating and free, or neither.
Most tongues of free-reeds are made from metal, but tongues of primitive free-reed instruments, like the naw, are made from cane.
As noted above, the free-reed instruments can be classified according to their type of musical scale into two categories: diatonic and chromatic instruments, (*6) although some Oriental instruments can play only a pentatonic scale.
www.ksanti.net /free-reed/description/taxonomy.html   (1825 words)

  
 Encyclopedia of Musical Instruments [Illustrated] -Free-reed instrument -
Free-reed instruments are musical instruments that produce sounds from a reed vibrating in a chamber, as opposed to "fixed reed" instruments, which use a vibrating reed "fixed" to (or vibrating against) some other part of the instrument.
The oldest known free-reed instrument is the Chinese sheng, widely accepted as the musical ancestor of the harmonica and accordion.
Encyclopedia of Musical Instruments [Illustrated] -Free-reed instrument -
www.musicwalrus.com /List_of_Musical_Instruments/free_reed_instrument.htm   (177 words)

  
 Accordion Names Around the World
This knowledge led to the great spate of experimentation and development of varying types of instrument utilizing the free-reed principle as the means of tone-production during the early part of the 19th century.
The earliest instrument appears to have been the Aeolidicon, constructed in 1800 by J. Eschenbach of Hamburg, which was a bellows-blown keyboard instrument with free reeds.
This was followed by numerous other free reed instruments, all with exotic names: Melodeon, Aerophone, Physharmonica, Uranion, Terpodion, Organo-Violine, Aeoline, Melophone, Orgue-Expressif, Seraphine, etc.
www.klezmusic.com /sbx-info/sbx-name.html   (832 words)

  
 EMI Back Issues Volumes 3 & 4, 6/1987-4/1989
In the current article he describes the remainder of the instruments in the group: they consist of aerophones, Didjeridoos, notched flutes, fipple pipes, reed pipes, and stringed instruments.
This article describes how the author solved the problem of making a reed instrument that sounds louder, and has a much wider pitch range than the average fipple flute.
Its catalog documents the era of late-19th century and early-20th mechanically reproduced music, namely player pianos, but also reed organs, calliopes, and hybrid instruments.
www.windworld.com /back_issues/bi3-4.htm   (6239 words)

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