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Topic: Freedom Charter

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	Freedom of speech -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Freedom of speech is the liberty to freely say what one pleases, as well as the related liberty to hear what others have stated.
		Freedom of speech is often regarded as an integral concept in modern (Click link for more info and facts about liberal democracies) liberal democracies, where it is understood to outlaw (The organization that is the governing authority of a political unit) government (Deleting parts of publications or correspondence or theatrical performances) censorship.
		Freedom of speech is also severely suppressed in (A communist nation that covers a vast territory in eastern Asia; the most populous country in the world) China, though with the economic progress, those barriers have been reducing.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/f/fr/freedom_of_speech.htm (4750 words)

	Freedom and Innovation in California's Charter Schools (Abstract) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Charter school teachers expressed that they have more influence and are less constrained by rules, but also carry heavier workloads and paperwork burdens.
		Charter schools identified parent involvement, parent and teacher participation in government, and cross-age tutoring approaches as the most distinctive educational and organizational approaches in their schools.
		Charter schools were also found to be more innovative than comparison schools because they more frequently introduced alternative assessments, parent instructors, and cross-age tutoring.
	www.wested.org /policy/pubs/abstracts/pb_ab_freedom.htm (468 words)

	The Charter of Freedom
		Neither is our understanding of freedom, a spiritual one, which does exist in Islam and throughout our sublime Islamic literature, no, that is not the question either: Spiritual freedom is something believed and approved by all the faithful, and we are not to debate it.
		The sort of freedom under discussion is in fact social freedom, that is, freedom as a human right, freedoms of speech, thought, choice and the like.
		The struggle for freedom is a duty, for it is for the sake of a Divine goal.
	www.khamenei.de /books/charterfree.htm (4519 words)

	The Freedom Charter and the United Nations
		The objectives enunciated by the United Nations in its declarations and resolutions on apartheid are in harmony with the Freedom Charter.
		The origin of the Freedom Charter may be traced to the Campaign of Defiance against Unjust Laws - a non-violent passive resistance campaign - launched by the African National Congress and the South African Indian Congress on June 26, 1952.
		The Freedom Charter, describing the democratic and humanist aspirations of the oppressed people of South Africa, is a historic document which is in full harmony with the purposes and principles of the United Nations and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, and relevant resolutions of United Nations organs.
	www.anc.org.za /un/reddy/fc-un.html (4063 words)

	Williamsburg Charter Page
		The Charter sets forth a renewed national compact, in the sense of a solemn mutual agreement between parties, on how we view the place of religion in American life and how we should contend with each other's deepest differences in the public sphere.
		Less dramatic but also lethal to freedom and the chief menace to religious liberty today is the expanding power of government control over personal behavior and the institutions of society, when the government acts not so much in deliberate hostility to, but in reckless disregard of, communal belief and personal conscience.
		Freedom of conscience and the right to influence public policy on the basis of religiously informed ideas are inseverably linked.
	religiousfreedom.lib.virginia.edu /const/Willburg.html (5829 words)

	Cape Times - Dusting off the Freedom Charter
		Celebrating 50 years of the charter is a fraudulent exercise that is an anti-climax for the millions who served, suffered and sacrificed in the liberation struggle.
		The Freedom Charter has failed to stop the silent takeover of public institutions such as healthcare, water, land, electricity, telecommunications and the services industry as a whole by the private sector and multinational corporations, leaving over 10 million since 1994 to experience the indignity of water cut-offs.
		The Freedom Charter is indeed the Freedom Cheater.
	www.capetimes.co.za /index.php?fSectionId=332&fArticleId=2574039 (1208 words)

	Civic Report 14 \| The Education Freedom Index, by Jay P. Greene
		Education freedom is substantially under the control of state policymakers, making it reasonable to rank states on the extent to which their policies provide education options to families.
		Having twice the percentage of charter schools as another state may not be as big of an advantage in terms of freedom as having twice the score on charter regulations because there may be more variance in the charter school percentage measure.
		The charter school score is an average of two measures, the percentage of public schools in a state that are charter schools and a score for the laws and regulations governing the creation and operation of charter schools.
	www.manhattan-institute.org /html/cr_14.htm (7395 words)

	Testimony of David S. Lourie (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		It is the charter school’s responsibility to inform parents of each teacher’s qualifications and it remains the parent’s choice to attend the school and the school’s duty to deliver a successful educational program.
		Charter schools live by a very clear code: a high-quality program and improved test scores will mean a renewal of the charter; if the opposite occurs and parents are dissatisfied and student performance suffers, the school will be closed.
		I believe that charter schools will fail for one of three reasons: (1) they are compelled to act like traditional public schools through local district pressure and regulation; (2) they do not deliver on their educational promises, or (3) they forget their responsibility to the public system as a whole.
	www.house.gov /ed_workforce/hearings/106th/oi/tampa32700/lourie.htm (2273 words)

	uni.ca - Constitution Act 1982 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Everyone has the following fundamental freedoms: (a) freedom of conscience and religion (b) freedom of thought, belief, opinion and expression, including freedom of the press and other means of communication.
		This Charter shall be interpreted in a manner consistent with the preservation and enhancement of the multicultural heritage of Canadians.
		A reference in this Charter to a province or to the legislative assembly or legislature of a province shall be deemed to include a reference to the Yukon Territory and the Northwest Territories, or to the appropriate legislative authority thereof, as the case may be.
	www.uni.ca /charter.html (2265 words)

	iafrica.com \| news \| features Freedom Charter no stranger to controversy
		In a 1969 statement the ANC in exile went further: the charter was "a declaration of all the people of South Africa".
		In truth, though, the idea of the congress was adopted only the second time around, the final version of the charter was perhaps not as clearly thought out as it could have been, and its ratification by the ANC itself was dogged by controversy.
		The proposal for a congress of the people and a freedom charter was initially made to and adopted by the ANC's Cape provincial conference, and passed on to the national executive for action.
	iafrica.com /news/features/454520.htm (961 words)

	Celebrating South African freedom - The Boston Globe - Boston.com - Africa - News
		ONE OF THE last century's most influential political proclamations, the South African Freedom Charter, celebrates its bicentennial this month, and Pius Langa, the chief justice of the country's highest court, is in Boston to mark the occasion.
		Labeled illicit and driven underground from the 1950s to the 1980s, the Freedom Charter circulated clandestinely and did not appear publicly until, in the wake of the Soweto uprising, a reenergized movement once again invoked it as the most compelling platform for a new South Africa.
		Although in 1990 the ANC came to the negotiating table with the charter in hand, the unforgiving realities of coalition governance and the harsh disciplines of globalization required it to abandon the demand for economic restructuring.
	www.boston.com /news/world/africa/articles/2005/06/16/celebrating_south_african_freedom?mode=PF (732 words)

	Kliptown and the Freedom Charter - SouthAfrica.info
		The aim is to use Kliptown's rich history, as the meeting ground of the Congress of the People and the birthplace of the Freedom Charter, as a tool to boost tourism and transform the fortunes of the settlement.
		The various clauses of the charter were introduced, there was an opportunity for impromptu speeches from delegates present, and the clauses were then read out and acclaimed by a show of hands.
		But the Freedom Charter was signed a year later by Luthuli, and has remained the central document in ANC policy ever since.
	www.southafrica.info /ess_info/sa_glance/history/kliptown-220605.htm (1495 words)

	The Home School Court Report Vol. XVIII, No. 1 -- Charter Schools: The Price Is Too High
		Charter schools answer to the state or local school board for assessing students and verifying academic progress.
		The idea is that if public charter schools draw enough students away from regular public schools, the resulting lack of funds will force public schools to come up with creative alternatives to bring students (and the funding that comes with them) back into the system.
		Charter schools do not charge tuition, but are funded according to their enrollment.
	www.hslda.org /courtreport/V18N1/V18N101.asp (3376 words)

	Texas Freedom Network: Charter Schools Fact Sheet
		Only about 38 percent of Texas charter school teachers are certified to teach in either Texas or another state – a rate that is about 10 percent less than the national figure (48 percent).
		The charter school, ultimately owing the state $2.9 million in overpayments, later went bankrupt and never repaid the funds.
		Another charter school cited by the Sunset Commission had numerous problems, including falsified student attendance numbers, lack of business or accounting records, a poorly performing board, and an administrator employing 16 different family members who were paid a total of approximately $1.6 million in state funds.
	www.tfn.org /publiceducation/charterschools/factsheet/index.php (925 words)

	Freedom and Innovation in California's Charter Schools (Full Text) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Teachers in new charters are the least secure about their jobs and the future, but they are among the most satisfied with their jobs.
		The majority of charter school administrators say that charter status is either essential or valuable for most of the innovations their schools are implementing (see Appendix E).
		Given the potential advantages of charter schools, part of the study was devoted to identifying the kinds of students who have access to those advantages.
	www.wested.org /policy/pubs/full_text/pb_ft_freedom.htm (2240 words)

	S.Africans mark Freedom Charter's 50th anniversary - Boston.com - Africa - News (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The Freedom Charter laid the foundation for multi-racial democracy and also called for economic equality that still proves elusive.
		The Charter is widely regarded as the framework for the new democratic constitution, one of the most liberal in the world.
		Other veterans of the campaign recalled how the charter was assembled through a call to all South Africans to contribute suggestions for what kind of country they wanted to create.
	www.boston.com /news/world/africa/articles/2005/06/26/safricans_mark_freedom_charters_50th_anniversary?mode=PF (651 words)

	Moses Kotane, South African Revolutionary by Brian Bunting
		It was also argued that the Freedom Charter was in conflict with the 1949 Programme of Action and with the Basic Policy of the ANC Youth League as published in 1946.
		Thus in opposing the Freedom Charter, the so-called Africanists or “national-minded” elements were in fact opposing the very policies the claimed to be defending.
		The Freedom Charter was a logical sequence to all that had gone before in the development of the progressive nationalism of the ANC in South Africa.
	www.marxists.org /subject/africa/bunting-brian/kotane/ch13.htm (3488 words)

	Netherlands Ministry of Foreign Affairs
		In 1955, this vision of a better world, the Freedom Charter, was adopted by almost every liberation force in South Africa.
		The Charter became the common programme enshrining the hopes and aspirations of all the freedom-loving people of South Africa.
		Third, the Charter considers freedom not as an abstraction but as a concrete objective which must be achieved in the real world.
	www.minbuza.nl /?CMS_NOCOOKIES=YES&CMS_ITEM=A1D7ED982EA44746BC28B044EFB2C3ADX3X63741X84 (960 words)

	Universal Declaration of Human Rights
		Whereas the peoples of the United Nations have in the Charter reaffirmed their faith in fundamental human rights, in the dignity and worth of the human person and in the equal rights of men and women and have determined to promote social progress and better standards of life in larger freedom,
		All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights.They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.
		Everyone has the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion; this right includes freedom to change his religion or belief, and freedom, either alone or in community with others and in public or private, to manifest his religion or belief in teaching, practice, worship and observance.
	www.un.org /Overview/rights.html (1587 words)

	.: Ochre Media
		This vision culminated in the Freedom Charter, a historic political document that forms the basis of our constitution today.
		The signing of the Freedom Charter became popularly known as the Congress of the People and the place where the Freedom Charter was signed, has been declared the Walter Sisulu Square of Dedication at Kliptown.
		President Thabo Mbeki lit the eternal flame on the Freedom Charter monument at the Walter Sisulu Square of Dedication, to mark the celebrations.
	www.ochre.co.za /html/ocm/news.htm (349 words)

	Civic Report 24 \| 2001 Education Freedom Index
		If we find a significant relationship between education freedom and current test scores even after controlling for earlier test scores, we can be more confident that education freedom helped improve student performance, and was not simply an approach adopted by states that were already educationally successful for other reasons.
		States with the greatest education freedom are those that have experienced the greatest improvement in test scores and those that enjoy the highest current test scores, controlling for a number of other factors.
		This report updates the Education Freedom Index, a ranking of all fifty states according to how free parents are to choose the best way to educate their children.
	www.manhattan-institute.org /html/cr_24.htm (3567 words)

	Fifty years of the Freedom Charter - SouthAfrica.info
		The Charter, adopted by a People's Congress of thousands on 26 June 1955, is seen by many as the foundation of South Africa's 1996 Constitution.
		The President then lit the "flame of freedom" to symbolise the opening of the Square before unveiling a plaque in honour of Walter Sisulu, who died in 2003.
		Addressing the 20 000-strong crowd, Mbeki said the adoption of the Freedom Charter was a commitment to accomplish the noble vision spelt out in the document.
	www.southafrica.info /news/top_story/charter270605.htm (519 words)

	Nelson Mandela - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		He is now almost universally considered to be a heroic freedom fighter.
		After the 1948 election victory of the Afrikaner -dominated National Party with its apartheid policy of racial segregation, Mandela was prominent in the ANC's 1952 Defiance Campaign and the 1955 Congress of the People, whose adoption of the Freedom Charter provided the fundamental program of the anti-apartheid cause.
		On 23 July 2004, the city of Johannesburg bestowed its highest honour on Mandela by granting him the freedom of the city at a ceremony in Orlando, Soweto.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Nelson_Mandela (1991 words)

	Lessons of the 1950s: Chapter 5 - The Freedom Charter
		The Freedom Charter, a programme which still embraces many of the essential aims of our struggle, was adopted at the Congress of the People, held on 26-27 June 1955.
		The Congress and Communist Party leaders argued that this "interpretation" of the Freedom Charter was necessary in order to avoid frightening the fl middle class away from the Congress movement.
		In reality the Congress/CP leadership backed off from the nationalisation clause of the Freedom Charter because they were still pursuing a futile search for reconciliation between the demands of the masses and the interests of the liberal capitalists.
	www.marxist.com /LessonsOfThe1950s/05.html (2418 words)

	Freedom Charter turns 50 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		A unified philosophy is chartered, with the democratic basis that the people shall govern, that all shall be equal before the law, that all shall have equal human rights in South Africa and that the doors of education and culture shall be opened to all.
		This Freedom Charter carries with it the passions of the oppressed majority.
		The Freedom Charter, adopted 50 years ago today, was the blueprint.
	www.sundaytimes.co.za /zones/sundaytimesNEW/newsst/newsst1119696928.aspx (634 words)

	Socialist Party archives - Nimrod Sejake - No Retreat from the Freedom Charter, Sept. 1998
		In the Trades Hall during the debate, I argued that the Freedom Charter could only be implemented buy action, that signatures on petitions were inadequate to force the state to concede freedom.
		Our Constitution, our Freedom Charter, for three decades a beacon for the oppressed masses of downtrodden fl people, is being abandoned by the exiled leadership.
		I defended the Freedom Charter than as Secretary of the Iron and Steel Union and Secretary of the White City, Jabavu branch of the African National Congress and what I said in the Trades Hall, Johannesburg is as relevant today as it was 33 years ago.
	www.geocities.com /socialistparty/LabHist/NimrodFC.htm (887 words)

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