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Topic: Freedom Union (Poland)

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	Poland
		The Republic of Poland (alternative Commonwealth of Poland) is a country located in Central Europe, between Germany to the west, the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south, Ukraine and Belarus to the east, and the Baltic Sea, Lithuania, and Russia (in the form of the Kaliningrad Oblast Exclave) to the north.
		Poland's first historically documented ruler, Mieszko I, was baptized in 966, adopting Catholic Christianity as the country's new official religion, to which the bulk of the population converted in the course of the next century.
		The principal ports and harbours are: Port of Gdańsk, Port of Gdynia, Port of Szczecin, Port of Swinoujscie, Port of Ustka, Port of Kolobrzeg, Gliwice, Warsaw, Wroclaw.
	www.ufaqs.com /wiki/en/po/Poland.htm (2958 words)

	POLAND,
		The estimated population of Poland in 1993 was 38,521,000.
		The draft, which proclaimed Poland a hereditary monarchy and strengthened and liberalized the government, was adopted, in the face of violent opposition from a section of the gentry, on May 3, 1791.
		The eastern frontier of Poland was delimited by the terms of a treaty concluded by the Polish and Soviet governments on Aug. 16, 1945.
	www.history.com /encyclopedia.do?articleId=219513 (9092 words)

	Wikinfo \| Poland
		The Republic of Poland is a country in Central Europe, bordering Germany to the west, the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south, Ukraine and Belarus to the east, and Lithuania and Russia (via the Kaliningrad Oblast exclave) to its north, as well as the Baltic Sea.
		Poland is an ancient nation that was conceived around the middle of the 10th century.
		Poland has steadfastly pursued a policy of liberalising the economy and today stands out as one of the most successful and open transition economies, with about 20% unemployment and increasing wealth disparities.
	www.wikinfo.org /wiki.php?title=Poland (1068 words)

	Poland
		On the north Poland is bordered by the Baltic Sea, Russia, and Lithuania; on the east by Belarus and Ukraine; on the south by Slovakia and the Czech Republic; and on the west by Germany.
		Poland's role as guardian of western European civilization against the Russians and later the Bolsheviks is commemorated by the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier in the center of Warsaw.
		Poland is an example par excellence of the imagined community and of the ability of nationalism to shape the world.
	www.everyculture.com /No-Sa/Poland.html (8930 words)

	Poland. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		Poland’s main rivers (including the Vistula, the Oder, the Warta, and the Western Bug) are connected to the Baltic Sea and are important traffic lanes.
		In 1697 the elector of Saxony was chosen king of Poland as Augustus II by a minority faction supported by Czar Peter I. Augustus allied himself with Russia and Denmark against Charles XII of Sweden.
		The Sovietization of Poland was accelerated; in 1949, Soviet Marshall Konstantin Rokossovsky was made minister of defense and commander in chief of the Polish army.
	www.bartleby.com /65/po/Poland.html (4078 words)

	onlinefx destination guide to polands
		Poland (Polish: Polska), officially the Republic of Poland (Polish: Rzeczpospolita Polska (help·info)), is a country located in Central Europe.
		It is bordered by Germany to the west, the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south, Ukraine and Belarus to the east, and the Baltic Sea, Lithuania, and Russia (in the form of the Kaliningrad Oblast exclave) to the north.
		Poland enjoys a temperate climate, with cold, cloudy, moderately severe winters and mild summers with frequent showers and thunderstorms.
	www.onlinefx.co.uk /fx/Stores/OnlineFX/destinationguide/poland.asp (538 words)

	Poland: (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-16)
		Poland became a kingdom in 1025, and in 1569 it cemented a long association with the Grand Duchy of Lithuania by uniting to form the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.
		Poland's first historically documented ruler, Mieszko I, was baptized in 966, adopting Catholic Christianity as the nation's new official religion, to which the bulk of the population converted in the course of the next centuries.
		Poland was also a centre of migration of peoples and the Jewish community began to settle and flourish in Poland during this era (see History of the Jews in Poland).
	www.winelib.com /wiki/Poland (3948 words)

	Freedom Union (Poland) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Freedom Union (Unia Wolności, UW) was a liberal party in Poland.
		The Freedom Union remained existent as a social-liberal party, but it lost some of its relevance in Polish politics.
		Surprisingly, the party managed to cross the required 5% threshold in the 2004 European Parliament elections, receiving 7% of votes and 4 of 54 seats reserved for Poland in the European Parliament as part of the European Liberal Democrat and Reform Party, of which it is a member.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Freedom_Union_(Poland) (485 words)

	Poland
		Josef Pilsudski became the new leader of Poland and during the Russian Civil War his army made considerable gains and the Soviet-Polish Treaty of Riga (1921) left Poland in control of substantial areas of Lithuania, Belorussia and the Ukraine.
		Poland was the obvious choice as it was in the east and included areas of land taken from Germany by the Treaty of Versailles.
		Our obligations to Poland will of course be honoured; not only because our pledged word has been given, but also because it is now universally understood that something of much greater significance is at stake than the determination of one frontier or even the freedom of one people, however brave.
	www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk /RUSpoland.htm (5802 words)

	2002 FIFA World Cup - Teams - Poland
		Poland's scoring chances are created by its wingers, who carry the ball while making darting runs down the flanks.
		Poland might come to regret that lack of competition once they are thrown against the much stronger field at the World Cup tournament itself.
		Poland was one of the dominant soccer powers in the world from the mid-1970s to the early 1980s.
	www.cbc.ca /sports/soccer/teams/poland.html (1591 words)

	Political parties in Poland
		Poland has a multi-party system, with numerous parties in which a signle party rarely has a chance of gaining power alone, and parties must, therefore work with each other to form coalition governments.
		The right, however, was deeply divided, and the right-wing politicians, most of whom were associated with the Solidarity trade union, were unable to create a single bloc which could act as a lasting counterweight for the left-wing monolith.
		Unia Socjaldemokratyczna RP (USdRP) - Social-Democratic Union of Republic of Poland
	www.brainyencyclopedia.com /encyclopedia/p/po/political_parties_in_poland.html (1538 words)

	[No title]
		Poland is ranked 35th out of 41 countries in the European region, and its overall score is much lower than the regional average.
		Poland's struggle for freedom from the Soviet Union ended in 1990, with Solidarity sweeping parliament and the presidency.
		Poland's trade policy is the same as those of other members of the European Union.
	www.heritage.org /research/features/index/country.cfm?id=Poland (871 words)

	Global Trade Negotiations Home Page
		Poland’s weighted average tariff rate in 2000 was a relatively high 7.4%, although this average was then lowered by the government in order to meet the requirement of the EU’s Common External Tariff (CET) of 1.8%.
		Poland has responded to the protest of many of its farmers by doubling agricultural assistance from 12% in 1991 to 23% in 1999.
		Poland is the key opponent of reform within the European community, and is reaching out to other sugar producers like Italy, Spain, and Finland for support in opposing reform.
	www.cid.harvard.edu /cidtrade/gov/polandgov.html (573 words)

	Poland
		There was no change in the status of respect for religious freedom during the period covered by this report, and government policy continued to contribute to the generally free practice of religion.
		U.S. Embassy and Consulate General Krakow officers actively monitor threats to religious freedom and seek to further resolution of unsettled legacies of the Holocaust and the Communist era.
		There is some public concern about the growth of groups perceived to be "sects" and the influence of nonmainstream religious groups, especially in the wake of press reports of the deaths of a few young persons in circumstances suggesting cult activity.
	www.state.gov /g/drl/rls/irf/2001/5727.htm (2934 words)

	Small Party Exits Poland Coalition
		WARSAW, Poland –– Freedom Union leader Leszek Balcerowicz announced today that his small liberal party was abandoning attempts to save Poland's troubled Solidarity-led coalition after weeks of talks failed to identify an acceptable candidate to replace Prime Minister Jerzy Buzek.
		The pro-market Freedom Union has demanded that Buzek step aside in favor of a candidate better able to rein in dozens of maverick Solidarity lawmakers who have blocked or stalled key reform bills.
		Some observers believe the Freedom Union wanted to push the coalition to the brink in the hope that the prospect of new elections, which Solidarity probably would lose, might force maverick lawmakers back into line.
	www.washingtonpost.com /wp-srv/aponline/20000606/aponline093632_000.htm (380 words)

	THE PROTECTION OF NATIONAL MINORITIES IN POLAND
		Poland treats minorities as equal part of its society and respects their rights to preserve their own national and cultural identity, as well as their social and political aspirations.
		Due to the fact that all treaties binding upon Poland, which relate to the protection of national minorities has been ratified, the citizens may refer to norms contained therein, and the courts are obliged to apply them, and in case of a conflict of norms, giving precedence to an international norm over a statutory norm.
		The rights and freedoms flowing from the principles enshrined in the present framework Convention, in so far as they are the subject of a corresponding provision in the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms or in the Protocols thereto, shall be understood so as to conform to the latter provisions.
	www.minelres.lv /reports/poland/poland_NGO.htm (13658 words)

	The Nazi Occupation of Poland (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-16)
		Poland was immediately divided between the Soviets and Nazi Germany.
		In June 1941, Hitler attacked the Soviet Union and by winter the German army stood before the gates of Moscow.
		His extraordinary diary was published in Poland in 1959 shortly before his death and subsequently translated into English.
	www.eyewitnesstohistory.com /poland.htm (1520 words)

	Central Europe Review - Poland News Review
		Marian Krzaklewski, the leader of both the union and the party, stated that the union will leave this decision to the political arm, who will put forth a candidate six months prior to the election and then conduct a vigorous campaign.
		Union activists claim that the congress will focus on internal union matters, such as the development of a long term strategy rather than any election breakthrough.
		Lubicz-Sienicki stated that "the tobacco concerns made my mother an addict and killed her." He is suing the two firms for PLZ ten million (USD 2.39 million) in compensation for losses he suffered when his mother died after smoking for at least 42 years.
	www.ce-review.org /99/25/polandnews25.html (1869 words)

	Poland
		When Poland was partitioned between Russia, Prussia and Austria-Hungary in 1795, inter-communal relations began to deteriorate as the foreign powers implemented the principle divide et impera.
		Poland was the only country in Europe where the death penalty was imposed for assisting a person of Jewish origin.
		Cases of ethnic tension have been reported in south-west Poland, where the German ethnic minority is mainly concentrated, and in south-east Poland, where there is a significant Ukrainian minority.
	www.axt.org.uk /antisem/archive/archive1/poland/poland.htm (3069 words)

	GlobaLex - Poland-- Legal Research Guide
		The executive power is vested in the President of Poland and the Council of Ministers and the judicial power is vested in courts and tribunals.
		The competent organs to issue the regulations are the President of Republic of Poland, the Council of Ministers, the National Broadcasting Council, the Chairman of the Committee who is a member of the Council of Ministers, and the minister that manages the relevant area of public administration.
		The main source of information regarding Polish membership in the European Union can be found on the webpage of the European Information Center of the Committee of European Integration, where, inter alia, the English versions of the Polish "position papers" may be downloaded (in relation to various areas of EU law and negotiations chapters).
	www.nyulawglobal.org /globalex/Poland.htm (2177 words)

	Poland’s rightwards shift, by Dariusz Zalega
		Europe was stunned when, in the 2001 election, Solidarity Electoral Action and the Freedom Union, pillars of the outgoing government, lost all their seats in parliament.
		It is often forgotten in the West that the PiS defeated its openly liberal rival Civic Platform (PO) by presenting itself as the champion of a solidarity-oriented Poland as opposed to a liberal Poland.
		According to the PiS, solidarity-orientated Poland is the country of those who lost out because of economic transformation, who are disgusted at the levels of corruption and frustrated by feelings of insecurity (including social insecurity).
	mondediplo.com /2006/09/15poland (1387 words)

	SEND International Christian World Missions
		Independence for Poland was one of the 14 points enunciated by President Woodrow Wilson during World War I. Many Polish-Americans enlisted in the military services to further this aim, and the United States worked at the postwar conference to ensure its implementation.
		Fueled by large infusions of Western credit, Poland's economic growth rate was one of the world's highest during the first half of the 1970s.
		Poland was entering into an extended crisis that would change the course of its future development.
	www.send.org /poland/history.htm (1574 words)

	CNN.com - Poles to vote on EU entry - Jun. 6, 2003
		"Poland is a good citizen of Europe and Poland is a close friend of America — and there is no conflict between the two," Bush added.
		"Poland needs Europe, and Europe needs Poland," the Polish-born pontiff said in Rome on his 83rd birthday in May. "For our nation and for brotherly Slavonic nations, joining the EU on equal terms is an act of historic justice."
		Poland's population of 39 million outnumbers the combined population of the nine other mostly former communist states set to join in May 2004.
	cnn.com /2003/WORLD/europe/06/06/poland (545 words)

	CNN - Solidarity claims victory in Poland - Sept. 21, 1997
		Three smaller parties that split about 27 percent of the vote -- the Freedom Union, the Polish Peasants' Party and the Movement for Poland's Reconstruction -- were considered likely coalition partners.
		The centrist Freedom Union, which has roots in the Solidarity movement, is the strongest of these parties.
		Poland's president, Aleksander Kwasniewski, whose post was not up for election Sunday, is from the Democratic Left Alliance and will decide which party gets the first chance to form a government.
	www.cnn.com /WORLD/9709/21/poland.elex.wrap/index.html (574 words)

	Private Enterprise in Poland (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-16)
		Kristina is a member of the fairly large, struggling class of private entrepreneurs who have survived decades of Communist rule in Poland, the land of eternal contradictions.
		The thousands of large work horses you still see in Poland are the only farm "machinery" most private producers have, and farmers must recruit extended-family members to help with the harvests.
		The most important commodity in Poland is information, and this can be relayed to selected individuals through an amazing network of "friendly" party officials, plant superintendents, and suppliers.
	www.libertyhaven.com /countriesandregions/poland/privatepoland.html (1804 words)

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