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Topic: Freedom of the Press Act 1766

	Constitution of Sweden - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		3 Freedom of the press and freedom of expression
		Freedom of the press and freedom of expression
		The 1766 Act held for example that freedom of expression was to be uninhibited, except for "violations", which included blasphemy and criticism of the state.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Act_of_Union_and_Security (1278 words)

	Freedom of information legislation - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The purpose of the Privacy Act is to extend the present laws of Canada that protect the privacy of individuals with respect to personal information about themselves held by a federal government institution and that provide individuals with a right of access to that information.
		Currently, the freedom of information regime in Israel is unusual in that it is the only country where public universities and colleges are not subject to the legislation on a national basis; the justice minister, however, has looked into extending the law to cover these institutions.
		The Freedom of Information Act of 19 June 1970 is the implementation of freedom of information legislation in Norway on a national level.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Electronic_Freedom_of_Information_Act_Amendments (3507 words)

	firstamendmentcenter.org: analysis
		Act No. LXIII of 1992 on the Protection of Personal Data and Disclosure of Data of Public Interest covers the collection and use of personal information in both the public sector and private sector.
		The Freedom of the Press Act is now part of the Constitution and decrees that "every Swedish citizen shall have free access to official documents." Decisions by public authorities to deny access to official documents may be appealed to general administrative courts and ultimately, to the Supreme Administrative Court.
		The Act allows for citizens to obtain government information such as the result of consideration or a decision which has a direct effect on a private individual, work-plan, project and annual expenditure estimates, and manuals or order relating to work procedure of State officials which affects the rights and duties of private individuals.
	www.firstamendmentcenter.org /analysis.aspx?id=7458 (4792 words)

	Guardian Unlimited \| Special reports \| The right to secrecy
		Sweden enacted a Freedom of the Press Act in 1766, which continues to give citizens the right to inspect and reproduce official documents.
		The proof of the extent of this shift of mind-set was striking: a fully drafted Freedom of Information law, worked-over clause by clause, ready to go if Labour won the 1992 election, and grandly pledged by Neil Kinnock as the first piece of legislation he would then enact.
		Freedom of information, Mr Blair concluded, was the way to deliver "not just more open but more effective and efficient government." I want to come back to that last phrase later: it is, I believe, the heart of the matter.
	www.guardian.co.uk /freedom/Story/0,,191124,00.html (2033 words)

	Freedom Paper No. 6: Public Access to Government Information
		In 1798 the Federalist Party was in power, and it enacted the Sedition Act, which prohibited the publication of "false, scandalous, and malicious...writings against the government of the United States...." To some extent, this statute reflected the lessons of the Zenger case since truth was recognized as a defense.
		The act was a factor in the defeat of the Federalists in the election of 1800, and it expired of its own force in 1801.
		It was not until the mid-20th century, however, that the fate of the Sedition Act was sealed and the relationship of libel suits to freedom of the press was clarified.
	usinfo.state.gov /products/pubs/archive/freedom/freedom6.htm (6091 words)

	freedominfo.org: country pages - sweden
		Under the Act, there are discretionary exemptions to protect national security and foreign relations; fiscal policy, the inspection and supervisory functions of public authorities; prevention of crime; the public economic interest; the protection of privacy; and the preservation of plant or animal species.
		The Ombudsman received 288 complaints relating to access to documents and freedom of the press between July 2004 and June 2005 and issued admonitions to government departments in 90 cases.
		The government announced a proposal in 2002 to merge the Secrecy Act and the Public Records Act into a single Management of Official Documents Act that would "set all the requirements to be met by public authorities throughout the process of handling official documents." The proposal was stopped because of concerns about its constitutionality.
	www.freedominfo.org /countries/sweden.htm (1206 words)

	freedominfo.org: country pages - finland
		Freedom of expression entails the right to express, disseminate and receive information, opinions and other communications without prior prevention by anyone.
		The Act on the Openness of Government Activities replaced the 1951 act and went into effect on 1 December 1999.
		Act on the Openness of Government Activities, No. 621/99, http://www.finlex.fi/en/laki/kaannokset/1999/en19990621.pdf; Decree on the Openness of Government Activities and on Good Practice in Information Management (1030/1999).
	www.freedominfo.org /countries/finland.htm (1428 words)

	IT Landcape of Sweden
		They began with the Freedom of the Press Act in 1766 which requested that official documents be made available upon request at no charge.
		The current version of this law, Freedom of the Press Act was entered into the constitution in 1949 (amended in 1976) and also states that Swedes will have access to every official document.
		To solve this problem, the government merged the Secrecy Act and the Public Records Act in 2002, so that all distribution of public documents would be handled with a consistent method.
	www.american.edu /initeb/nm3209a/legal.htm (799 words)

	Chain Reactions For Social Studies
		The Stamp Act Congress of 1765 issued a Declaration of Rights that condemned the tax as unjust and also advocated trial by jury, the right to petition the government for change, and "all the inherent rights and liberties" of people native to England.
		James Madison, a delegate to the convention, successfully argued for the inclusion of a guarantee of freedom of religion.
		Most shared provisions for jury trial, freedom of speech, freedom of the press, the right to bear arms (weapons), the right to petition the government for change, and a range of other freedoms rooted in the Magna Carta and the English common law.
	rickyswebpageonanything.freehomepage.com /chain_reactions.htm (2206 words)

	Politics of Sweden - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The most important is the Instrument of Government of 1974 which sets out the basic principles of political life in Sweden, defining rights and freedoms.
		The Act of Succession is a treaty between the old Riksdag of the Estates and The House of Bernadotte regulating their rights to accede to the Swedish throne.
		Sweden has three other constitutional laws: the Act of Royal Succession, the Freedom of Press Act and the Fundamental Law on Freedom of Expression.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Politics_of_Sweden (1258 words)

	Privacy International - World FOIA Survey
		There are freedom of information laws on the right of access to administrative documents on the national[8] and local and regional levels.
		The Freedom of the Press Act[81] is now part of the Constitution and decrees that "every Swedish citizen shall have free access to official documents." Decisions by public authorities to deny access to official documents may be appealed to general administrative courts and ultimately, to the Supreme Administrative Court.
		[83] The Act allows for citizens to obtain government information such as the result of consideration or a decision which has a direct effect on a private individual, work-plan, project and annual expenditure estimates, and manuals or order relating to work procedure of State officials which affects the rights and duties of private individuals.
	www.privacy.org /pi/issues/foia/foia-survey-2000.html (7327 words)

	PHR2004 - The Kingdom of Sweden (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Section 33 of the Act was amended in 1999 to adopt the EU Data Protection Directive standards on the transfer of personal data to third countries.
		Riksdag's (Swedish Parliament) Freedom of the Press Act of 1766.
		The Freedom of the Press Act is now part of the Constitution and provides that "every Swedish citizen shall have free access to official documents." Decisions by public authorities to deny access to official documents may be appealed to general administrative courts and ultimately, to the Supreme Administrative Court.
	www.privacyinternational.org /article.shtml?cmd[347]=x-347-83530 (3793 words)

	Riksdagen - The Freedom of the Press Act
		The Freedom of the Press Act serves to safeguard freedom of speech in printed form.
		The right of free access to official documents is also enshrined in the Freedom of the Press Act.
		Sweden's first Freedom of the Press Act was introduced as early as 1766.
	www.riksdagen.se /templates/R_Page____8908.aspx?Media=Print (317 words)

	Freedom of Information Laws
		Nearly all of the freedom of information laws in the world today were created because of contention for political power between parliaments and administrations, ruling and opposing parties, and present and prior rulers.
		In fact, the first freedom of information law- Sweden’s 1766 Freedom of the Press Act- was propelled by party politics, as the new majority in parliament sought to view documents that the prior government had kept hidden (Blanton, 2002, p.
		The categories of exemptions of the FACA are the same as those of the Sunshine Act, but it is otherwise a weaker open meetings statute (Marwick, 1985, p.
	www.iejs.com /Law/Freedom_of_Information_Laws.htm (1784 words)

	Student Section, Office of the Information Commissioner, Ireland
		Sweden has had a Freedom of the Press Act since 1766 while other Scandinavian countries have provided various levels of access to official information for over a century.
		Prior to the introduction of the Freedom of Information Act in Ireland in 1997, the Irish public service was dominated by a culture of secrecy.
		To this end, there was an impetus from within the civil service to remove the culture of secrecy, and to make providing information to the general public on his or her official activities, part and parcel of the job of a civil servant.
	www.oic.gov.ie /en/StudentSection/Name,601,en.htm (495 words)

	International FOI Laws
		Read the current version of the Swedish Freedom of the Press Act, containing many of the statuatory rights to government records.
		The Government's Freedom of Information White Paper, released Dec. 11, 1997, is a proposal for an Act of Parliament.
		On November 13, 2001, the government announced it was delaying the Freedom of Information Act 2000's access to records provisions until January 2005.
	foi.missouri.edu /international.html (1285 words)

	freedomforum.org: 2002 FOI update: International access developments
		The Freedom of Information Act was adopted in October 2000 in Bosnia-Herzegovina and in Republika Srpska in May 2001 and went into effect in February 2002.
		The act covers “all government and administrative departments, agencies and related bodies, the courts, and bodies set up by statute that perform a public function.” It also provides for a broad right of access by any person or legal entity, both in and outside of Bosnia.
		He pointed out that while the act still could be considered a success, there were persistent problems in the areas of delay, excessive secrecy and improprieties such as improper records-handling practices, using fees as barriers to access, inadequate searches and political interference.
	www.freedomforum.org /templates/document.asp?documentID=15910 (3575 words)

	Francesca Bignami, Three Generations Of Participation Rights Before The European Commission, 68 Law & Contemp. ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		The fairness of an administrative act in the English common law tradition turns on the ability to engage in a quasi-judicial process at the time of its adoption.
		The Nordic countries and the Netherlands have long-standing traditions of freedom of the press, public disclosure, and access to government documents.
		In Community law, the classic definition of whether an act is "administrative" or "legislative" turns on whether the determination is aimed at a particular individual or at a set of individuals, or whether it is a generally applicable rule.
	www.law.duke.edu /journals/lcp/articles/lcp68dwinter2004p61.htm (9903 words)

	foi_031405c.html
		While most freedom of information laws have resulted in increased openness, some nations impose tight access restrictions.
		The world's first information access law was Sweden's Freedom of the Press Act in 1766, and France's 1789 Declaration of the Rights of Man said individuals had the right to obtain information about the budget.
		According to the Freedominfo.org Global Survey, many countries have modeled their freedom of information laws after those of the United States, Australia, and Canada.
	www.ap.org /FOI/foi_031405c.html (482 words)

	Politics
		Public concerns about the misnamed Patriot Act are having an impact, as the Senate last week refused to reauthorize the bill for several years.
		The Act contains over 500 pages of detailed legalese, the full text of which was neither read nor made available to Congress in a reasonable time before it was voted on- which by itself should have convinced members to vote against it.
		The Patriot Act is the post-Sept. 11 law that expanded the government's surveillance and prosecutorial powers against suspected terrorists, their associates and financiers.
	www.exorthodoxforchrist.com /politics.htm (11700 words)

	[No title]
		Pending that, all I can recommend is a high degree of precaution when approaching European publications on this topic.
		Prior to the Regulation, the matter was covered by a “code of conduct” (implemented by Council Decision 93/731 and Commission Decision 94/90) on which the European Court of Justice relied, e.g., in its judgment of 6 December 2001 (C-353/99 P, Council v.
		In this context, see also section 112(r) of the US Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. §7401) and its requirement of “risk management plans” to address prevention of chemical accidents California Health and Safety Code §25249.5 (West 2000); e.g., see California Supreme Court, People ex rel.
	www.env.duke.edu /solutions/documents/sand_airlie_june_2002.doc (1493 words)

	SW Radio Africa News Story - News story
		In May 2002 Mahoso argued in a Sunday Mail article ‘The Swedes have more repressive media laws’ and that the Access to Information and Protection of Privacy Act (AIPPA) was modelled on the same lines as Sweden.
		Rylander said, ‘the source of this lurid comparison remains unclear.’ The Freedom of the Press Act (1766) has a clear objective to promote freedom of expression diversity and independence of the media while in Zimbabwe the laws are used to close down papers.’
		Rylander says there is no legitimate reason for the government to be denying the Daily News a licence when the courts have made it obvious the denial was without reason.
	www.swradioafrica.com /news310306/swedish310306.htm (267 words)

	Sunshine Week: Worldwide, Nations Use U.S. As Model for FOI Laws
		• Freedom of Information Act enacted in 1966 and implemented in 1967; amended in 1996 by the Electronic Freedom of Information Act.
		• More than 3.2 million FOIA/Privacy Act requests were received by all federal entities in fiscal year 2003, an increase of nearly 36 percent from the previous year, and the greatest one-year increase ever.
		• Freedom of Information Act 1982 established rights of access to materials held by Commonwealth agencies.
	www.editorandpublisher.com /eandp/news/article_display.jsp?vnu_content_id=1000837645 (672 words)

	The Early American Press, 1690-1783 - Questia Online Library
		- 4: The Expansion of the Colonial Press, 1735-1765
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	www.questia.com /PM.qst?action=openPageViewer&docId=15371171 (173 words)

	Freedom Activist Network's Guide To Persons - C
		Dir, November Coalition; Consultant, Educatiors For Sensible Drug Policy; High Times Freedom Fighter of the Month, April 1998; Chuck Armsbury's wife; also see Dean Becker
		Democratic Party candidate, US Senator, NV, 2006; endorsed by Freedom Democrats; fmr US Pres James Earl Carter Jr's son
		Acting Dir, US Federal Bureau of Investigation, 1993-1993
	www.freedomactivist.net /personsc.html (5300 words)

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