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Topic: Freethinking Democratic Party of Switzerland

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	Link2exports - Export Country Profiles - in association with the British Chambers of Commerce
		In March 2002, Switzerland followed the EU by imposing sanctions against Zimbabwe, after it was alleged that the Zimbabwean presidential elections had been rigged leading to the re-election of Robert Mugabe and because of human rights abuses.
		Switzerland's sanctions are targetted at the Mugabe regime by restricting the travel of Zimbabwean government officials and freezing any of the regime's financial assets held in Swiss banks.
		Switzerland is a landlocked country bordered by Germany to the north, Austria to the east, Italy to the south and France to the west.
	www.link2exports.co.uk /regions.asp?lsid=1969&pid=1468 (2276 words)

	Liberal parties (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		A liberal party is defined here as a political party, that adheres to the basic principles of (political) liberalism.
		These parties sometimes prefer to name themselves radical or progressive liberal and are generally quite positive about the role of the state.
		For example, the Liberal Democratic Party of Russia is an extreme right-wing political party led by Vladimir Zhirinovsky.
	www.esdng5.com /en/wikipedia/l/li/liberal_parties.html (1545 words)

	Liberal Democratic Party - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Liberal Democratic Party or Democratic Liberal Party is the name of dozens of political parties around the world.
		It usually designates a party that is ideologically liberal or left wing.
		There are however some Liberal Parties which are actually more conservative in nature than their opponents, or whose views are right wing, libertarian, or difficult to categorise.
	www.bonneylake.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Liberal_Democratic_Party (209 words)

	A short history of Switzerland (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Present-day Switzerland is since around 500 BC inhabited by the Celtic tribe of the Helveti.
		Switzerland is re-established in 1803 as a French protectorate; canton sovereignty is largely restored.
		These parties are part of the executive Federal Council, of which alternating members are president for a year.
	www.electionworld.org /history/switzerland.htm (466 words)

	Interpreting Election Results in Western Democracies
		This is said to create a problem for parties on the left, which retain their focus on economics (and income redistribution in particular), and are thus left talking about economics at a time that the right is focusing on values.
		This outcome reflects that minor parties are taking advantage of niches left vacant by the major parties as they move to the centre in a bid to catch the growing number of 'swinging' voters; that is, those voters who no longer strongly identify with a particular party.
		A 'pendulum swing' between the major parties thus allows both a reinvigoration of government and the satisfying of the concerns of all groups in society, some of whom are in favour of policies not pursued by the current government.
	www.aph.gov.au /library/pubs/CIB/2002-03/03cib02.htm (8529 words)

	A Chronology of the Ruling Parties in the World: Central-North Europe
		Between 1923 and 1932, Germany was basically ruled by the Catholic Centre Party and the Social Democratic Party alternately.
		Established by USSR in the Soviet occupation zone under the one-party rule of the Socialist Unity Party in 1949.
		In 1919 the Communist Party of Germany revolted in Munich and established this regime in conjunction with the Independent Social Democratic Party-Left Wing of Germany.
	www.geocities.com /kfzhouy/Party/Cneuroe.html (1513 words)

	Liberal Party of Switzerland
		The Liberal Party of Switzerland (German: Liberale Partei der Schweiz, French: Parti liberal suisse, Italian: Partito Liberale Svizzero) is a liberal party in Switzerland.
		The party is a member of Liberal International.
		In the 2003 General Election they had a joint slate with the Freethinking Democratic Party.
	www.starrepublic.org /encyclopedia/wikipedia/l/li/liberal_party_of_switzerland.html (105 words)

	Free Democratic Party of Switzerland (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The Freisnnig-Demokratische Partei (in French: Parti radical-démocratique (PRD) and in Italian: Partito Liberale-Radicale Svizzero (PLR)) is a centre-right, liberal party in Switzerland.
		The official translation of the party name is Free Democratic Party of Switzerland, the literally translation of its German name would be Freethinking Democratic Party, of its French name Radical Democratic Party and of its Italian name Swiss Radical Liberal Party.
		The party is a member of Liberal International and the European Liberal Democrat and Reform Party.
	www.ceca.de /encyclopedia/f/fr/free_democratic_party_of_switzerland.html (165 words)

	History Of Italy
		The political crisis grew as opposition parties challenged Crispi's tactics, but it was the news that an Italian colonial division had been defeated by an Ethiopian force at Adowa in 1896 that brought down the government and led to the disgrace of Crispi.
		Soon afterward all parties except the Fascists were officially disbanded and their representatives were excluded from parliament on the grounds that they had forfeited their seats by withdrawing from parliament.
		By 1966, with the economy moving forward strongly, the Socialist and Social Democratic parties were reunited, and the various factions of the Christian Democratic Party began to pull together under pressure from the Church.
	members.tripod.com /~worldsite/italy/history.html (18405 words)

	Independent Media Center \| www.indymedia.org \| ((( i ))) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		A democratic construction of decision-making body (viche) in ancient time was based on gender equality and a principle of collective decision-making.
		Political parties, state and private enterprises, oligarchs have the high interest of their business, Western and US investors, Russian and Polish businessmen or those who represent their interests appeared to be around the same table to taste Ukrainian pumpkins porridge.
		They cultivated democratic principles in themselves and never were drastically dependent from the abroad funds making their revolts possible.
	www.indymedia.org /en/2004/12/866109.shtml (4650 words)

	An experiment in honesty: Samuel Taylor Coleridge's The Friend.(Conservative Minds Revisited)(Samuel Taylor Coleridge's ...
		Yet it might be more precise to say that France's excursion into Switzerland had forced Coleridge to investigate more fully the philosophical and moral failings both of the Revolution and of Pantisocracy, for such criticism had been an undercurrent in his public lectures and private letters during The Watchman years.
		As England plodded toward democratic reforms, The Friend was Coleridge's attempt to inspire a self-reflective class that, armed with greater self-knowledge, would act as a bulwark against unbridled self-interest.
		By attending solely to a single insight, both parties, in Coleridge's mind, exemplified the failures of party and partisan spirit that were growing in creasingly apparent in his England.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1G1-116790785.html (4016 words)

	People's Party Now First in Switzerland: Angus Reid Global Monitor
		The Social-Democratic Party of Switzerland (SPS) is second with 21.9 per cent, followed by the Freethinking-Democratic Party of Switzerland (FDP) with 14.4 per cent, and the Christian Democratic Peopleâs Party (CVP) with 12.7 per cent.
		Since 1959, Switzerland has formed its government under a power-sharing agreement known as the "Magic Formula." The countryâs four major political parties are represented in the seven-post cabinet.
		In the October 2003 election, the Peopleâs Party elected 55 lawmakers to the National Council, followed by the Social-Democrats with 52, the Freethinking-Democrats with 36 and the Christian Democrats with 28.
	www.angus-reid.com /polls/index.cfm/fuseaction/viewItem/itemID/13111 (297 words)

	Parties and Elections in Europe
		Slota is the chairman of the unified party [June].
		The pro-kurdish "People's Democracy Party" (HADEP, 2002 part of DEHAP) was banned by the turkish constitutional court because of supposed relations to the outlawed PKK [March].
		The basque separatist Party "Herri Batasuna" (related to the terrorist organization ETA) and their successors "Euskal Herritarrok" and "Batasuna" were banned [March].
	www.parties-and-elections.de /news2003.html (457 words)

	Liberal parties (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Cuba: Partido Liberal Democratico (Liberal Democratic Party), observer LI
		Switzerland: Freisinnig-Demokratische Partei der Schweiz/Parti Radical-Démocratique Suisse (Freethinking Democratic Party of Switzerland), member LI, ELDR
		Switzerland: Liberale Partei der Schweiz/Parti Libéral Suisse (Liberal Party of Switzerland), member LI
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/liberal_parties (1736 words)

	Fr. Tiso, Slovakia and Hitler By DENNIS BARTON
		The Social Democrats (marxists) were strong in the Czech areas but also drew support from those Germans, Hungarians and Slovaks who placed 'class' loyalty before their cultural heritage ((GLO 206 and EW 205)).
		In 1935 the party of Konrad Henlein, leader of the alienated Germans, received 62% of the vote in the German speaking Sudetenland ((EW 206)).
		Although non-Slovak parties and the marxist Socialists were not permitted to contest the elections, the 200,000 Czechs and Jews were free to vote ((KCA 3371)).
	www.churchinhistory.org /pages/booklets/tiso(n)-1.htm (7934 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		It was called Christian or Catholic Democracy or Social Party, and its express purpose was to divert the workers from Socialism, which Leo XIII condemned as emphatically in 1891 as Pius XI did in 1931.
		The title "Socialist" became farcical when the Catholic nobles and land- owners were enlisted in the party and their influence over the rural population secured, so we need not pay any attention to the few ameliorative measures, such as agricultural cooperatives, which they passed.
		The Party lost ground, and at the final reconciliation of Mussolini with the Church and his rich reward of it for its services it was entirely sacrificed.
	www.textfiles.com /conspiracy/mccabe14.txt (13786 words)

	Polity IV Country Report 2003: Switzerland (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Representative democracy and civil liberties based on a national consensus have been instituted in Switzerland since the middle of the 19th century.
		The new Constitution that was approved by voters in 1999 and came into force in 2000 provides for new protection of citizens' rights including equal access to political process.
		Political participation is generally consolidated and consensual in nature and characterized by durable party organizations: conservative SVP, social-democratic SPS, liberal FDP and regionalist CVP; these same parties have been governing the country in a stable coalition since 1959.
	www.cidcm.umd.edu /inscr/polity/Swz1.htm (370 words)

	The Czechs in America(European Reading Room, Library of Congress)
		He published the freethinking Milwaukee Flug-Blatter, the first periodical publication of a Czech in America; although a German-language paper, the Flug-Blatter was read largely by Czechs.
		He introduced the first workmen's compensation bill and the first old-age pension plan, and was identified with the fight for social security legislation, the liberalization of immigration policy, and civil rights.
		As a response to the suppression of democracy, former members of the Czechoslovak parliament who were refugees in the United States established the Council of Free Czechoslovakia in Washington, D.C. Francis Dvornik settled in the United States.
	www.loc.gov /rr/european/imcz/ndl.html (3542 words)

	Faith: The Newsletter of the ILRS: Spring 2001
		The party showed rapid growth and came to pose a real threat to the conservative groups that had left their mark on Dutch politics during much of the nineteenth century.
		During the adoption of a new party program in 1912, one of the points of discussion was whether capitalism was outdated and therefore morally repugnant, as the Marxists claimed.
		Its function is to advise members of parliament and the party leadership about important policy matters, and to participate in fundamental discussions about the direction of the party – at present, for example, a new program of principles is being discussed.
	ilrs.org /faith/f2k1.1.html (7606 words)

	Free Democratic Party of Switzerland (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The elements liberal, radical and "free-thinking" (German freisinnig) in the party's name suggest a left-wing party, while in the current political landscape of Switzerland, the FDP is center-right.
		This is because the name dates back to the conflicts between the catholic conservative cantons and the protestant liberal cantons that led to the foundation of the Swiss federal state in 1848.
		It was only with the rise of the Social Democratic Party of Switzerland in the early 20th century that the FDP found itself on the right side of the political center.
	www.worldhistory.com /wiki/F/Free-Democratic-Party-of-Switzerland.htm (503 words)

	Battleground: The fight for the seat of power.
		Democrats, meanwhile, have been going through the most embarrassing public identity crisis since Anne Heche couldn't decide if, when it came to the bedroom, she preferred surf or turf.
		Party leaders have been sticking their fingers in the air, feeling which way the political wind is blowing, and then chasing after these zephyrs of public sentiment.
		To their partial credit, analysts at the Department of Energy resisted the thesis of their counterparts at the CIA and the Defense Department that Saddam was importing the $17 tubes for use in centrifuges to enrich uranium.
	www.westinrinehart.com /battleground/archive.php?date=20050408 (19983 words)

	The Political System of Switzerland (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The Constitution of Switzerland was adopted may 29, 1874.
		Sozialdemokratische Partei der Schweiz (Social-Democratic Party of Switzerland, social-democratic) SPS 22.5 51
		If a woman is lucky enough to work for a socially progressive enterprise, she will continue to receive a salary even while she is on maternity leave (as a rule for no longer than four months), but no employer is bound by law to pay her.
	pos121.umf.maine.edu /switzerland/The_Political_System_of_Switzerland.html (1328 words)

	Fórum Social Mundial
		Hundreds of activists are holding an alternative symposium to this week's World Social Forum, accusing the main event of straying from its freethinking leftist roots and serving as a propaganda tool for Venezuelan President Hugo Chavez.
		The alternative activists say the ubiquitous red T-shirts of Chavez's party and the rows of promotional booths point to the government's heavy hand in the main event.
		That is stifling debate and undermining the forum's capacity to act as a catalyst for social change, said Luis Silva, 35, another organizer.
	www.forumsocialmundial.org.br /dinamic.php?pagina=bal_Pearson_fsm2006i (214 words)

	Independent Research
		Membership of the European Economic Area (EEA) that brought together Switzerland's Efta partners and the EU was rejected by the electorate in 1997, forcing the negotiation of bilateral accords signed in 1999 that give the same result.
		Nevertheless, Switzerland has become a byword for stability, which has been underwritten by a political compromise which has assured that the same four parties have formed the governing coalition since 1959.
		Throughout the 1990s Switzerland's relations with Nazi Germany and the fate of dormant bank accounts opened by Holocaust victims have been criticised, forcing the acceptance of a compensation agreement and shaking Swiss complacency.
	www.inderec.com /content/Print.asp?id=75 (662 words)

	Big Blue Books: Hitler Dupes The Vatican
		In Slovakia, however, the patriotic party was actually led by a priest, Father Hlinka, and was directly associated with Pacelli's policy.
		The interests of the Conservative Party had required that the fate of an Empire Should be entrusted to such a man, and he had had plenipotentiary power at Munich.
		The Pope's leading ideologist in America had been engaged for twenty years in assuring the public that the democratic institutions and economic forms at which the writer jeers are not merely in accord with the teaching of the Church but had actually been inspired by the great moral theologians centuries ago.
	www.infidels.org /library/historical/joseph_mccabe/big_blue_books/book_05.html (12551 words)

	LLS.html
		Freethinking had other sources, among them early nineteenth century Romanticism.
		The Freethinkers refused to accept political absolutism and the authority of a church,
		The freethinkers, many of whom were highly educated, strongly supported public education,
	www.exulanten.com /LLS.html (2434 words)

	german
		As early as 1835, antiforeign feelings had led to the establishment of the Know-Nothing party (so called because members continually claimed they "knew nothing" of the movement); by the early 1850s (coincidental with high mid-century immigration), the "nativism" favored by the Know-Nothings was on the rise.
		Although the average German immigrant did not own slaves, the Democratic party retained significant German-American support because it had formed the primary opposition to the Know-Nothing party in the past.
		Thomas Nast, the son of a forty-eighter, is known as the father of the political cartoon and was the first person to depict a donkey and elephant as mascots of the Democratic and Republican parties.
	www.theseverts.net /German.htm (13046 words)

	Britain, France and the Enlightenment
		The Church of England was favored by England's landowning elite, and parliament's House of Lords was an Anglican preserve.
		Referring to the Church of England, the conservative political party, the Tories, was also called the 'Church' party.
		Instead of wanting to return to a Stone Age tribal society he wanted to create a civilization that was democratic and communal, a society worthy of humanity which would appeal to humanity's better nature and make humanity worthy of civilization.
	www.fsmitha.com /h3/h29-fr.htm (7487 words)

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