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Topic: French Congo

	French Congo - LoveToKnow 1911 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		French Congo, officially renamed French Equatorial Africa in 1910, comprises - (1) the Gabun Colony, (2) the Middle Congo Colony, (3) the UbangiShari Circumscription, (4) the Chad Circumscription.
		The eastern frontier, separating the colony from the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan, is the water-parting between the Nile and the Congo.
		In 1872-1873 Alfred Marche, a French naturalist, and the marquis de Compiegne' explored a portion of the Ogowe basin, but it was not until the expedition of 1875-1878 that the country east of the Ogowe was reached.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /French_Congo (3844 words)

	Congo, Republic of the - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The Congo is bordered on the west by Gabon; on the north by Cameroon and the Central African Republic; on the east and southeast by the Democratic Republic of the Congo; and on the southwest by Cabinda, an Angolan exclave, and by the Atlantic Ocean.
		France restricted the role of the concessionaires in 1907, and in 1910 the Congo became a colony in French Equatorial Africa.
		Diagnosing the crisis in the Republic of Congo.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-congo-b1raz.html (1526 words)

	French Equatorial Africa - LoveToKnow 1911 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		"FRENCH EQUATORIAL AFRICA (Afrique Equatoriale Frangaise; or A.E.F.), formerly French Congo (see 11.99), is an immense region stretching from the mouth of the Congo to Tripoli, from the Atlantic to Egypt, covering an area of about 870,000 sq.
		The main steps in French occupation of Equatorial Africa were: - (I.) Foundation of French Congo (1842-82), and the great exploration expeditions of de Brazza.
		(IV.) French expansion towards the Upper Nile, which gave rise to the Fashoda incident (1898) and a declaration in 1899 in which the eastern limits of the French zone of influence in West Africa were laid down.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /French_Equatorial_Africa (1156 words)

	Congo - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC, sometimes also referred to as DR Congo or in French RDC), or Congo-Kinshasa, is the larger of the two countries and lies to the east.
		Belgian Congo, former colony of Belgium in the present-day area of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC).
		French Congo, former French colony in the present-day area of the Republic of the Congo (ROC), also known as Middle Congo, one of the four territories of French Equatorial Africa (with Gabon, Oubangui-Chari and Tchad).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Congo (452 words)

	The Story of the French Congo (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		He induced the French Government of the day by "scandalous, financial and political intrigues, bribery, corruption and cowardice," as a French author of repute remarks, to adopt and apply in the coterminous territory of the French Congo, the principles and the policy that he had inaugurated in the Congo Free State.
		The French press was flooded with articles contrasting the "prosperity" of the Congo Free State with the "stagnation" of the French Congo.
		Having committed the initial and fatal error, the French Government and the local Administration in the French Congo found themselves involved deeper and deeper in the mire, until the French Congo became an almost exact replica of its neighbour.
	www.boondocksnet.com /editions/morel/morel10.html (1770 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Congo
		Briefly, the successive stages of the foundation of the Congo Free State were as follows: As a consequence of the expeditions (1840; 1 May, 1873) of Livingstone and Stanley, public attention began to be drawn to Central Africa, and Leopold II divined the greatest possibilities of the newly-discovered country.
		The innumerable rivers of the Congo are rocky in their upper courses and cut their way by rapids from one terrace to another, until, on the great alleuvial plains of the centre, they form an immense network of from 9,000 to 11,000 miles of navigable water-ways and spread out fan-like from Leopoldville.
		Grave accusations have been made against the French Congo; the German Parliament in the name of humanity has heard earnest protests against excesses in the German Congo; and it is not likely, if a commission were to traverse Rhodesia, that it would have nothing but eulogies to record.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/04228a.htm (10013 words)

	A short history of Congo (Brazzaville) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		After 1880 France acquires at the initiative of Pierre Savorgnan de Brazza possesions at the west of the Congo River and it establishes the colony of French Congo in 1888, including its possesions in Gabon.
		Congo becomes as a result of this coup a socialist one-party state of the Parti Congolais du Travial (Congolese Workers' Party, PCT), led by Marien Ngouabi.
		Congo is formally a presidential democracy, but the opposition doesn't have a fair chance at elections.
	www.electionworld.org /history/congo-brazzaville.htm (499 words)

	French Congo - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		French Congo was the original French colony established in the present-day area of the Republic of the Congo, Gabon, and the Central African Republic.
		French Congo was temporarily divided between Gabon and Middle Congo in 1906, before being reunited as French Equatorial Africa in 1910 in an attempt to copy the relative success of French West Africa.
		The watermarks of the pictorials of 1900 are unlike any other watermarks used in the French area; they are plant branches, with thistle for the low values (up to 15c), rose for middle values (up to 75c), and an olive branch for the three franc values.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/French_Congo (388 words)

	French Equatorial Africa - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The federation was formed in large part through the efforts of Savorgnan de Brazza, who forged the link between French possessions in the Congo basin and those in W Africa.
		French Equatorial Africa (originally called French Congo) was officially established in 1910.
		In the Fourth French Republic, French Equatorial Africa was given representation in the French parliament and in the assembly of the French Union.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-frencheq.html (364 words)

	French Congo - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		French Congo, former colony of France in west central Africa, consisting of Gabon and Middle Congo (present-day Republic of the Congo).
		The political developments in France in 1958 which catapulted General Charles de Gaulle to power also brought revolutionary changes in the French Union, converting it into a new voluntary association of nations, the French Community.
		French Empire : Africa: Congo, Republic of the (Brazzaville)
	encarta.msn.com /French_Congo.html (188 words)

	FRENCH CONGO - Online Information article about FRENCH CONGO (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		From the intersection of the lines named, at which point French Congo is at its narrowest, the frontier runs north and then east until the Shari is reached in 1o° 40' N.
		Compiegne' explored a portion of the Ogowe basin, but it was not until the expedition of 1875-1878 that the country east of the Ogowe was reached.
		signature of the convention between Great Britain and the Congo State of the Izth of May of that year, against which both the German and the French governments protested, the last named because it erected a barrier against the extension of French territory to the Nile valley.
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /FRA_GAE/FRENCH_CONGO.html (5381 words)

	Commentary: Exemplifying the Horror of European Colonization: Leopold's Congo (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		A mystery about the fl hole the Congo Free State and the French Congo have fallen into is the interest among genocide scholars in the Herero genocide that took place during this period.
		German Africa was similar to the Congo in the forced labor and exploitation of the natives, with the one major exception of the Hereros.
		Otherwise, in German colonies, as in the Congo Free State, French Congo, and other colonies, natives were murdered in the process of their exploitation as slave labor, or when they got in the way.
	www.hawaii.edu /powerkills/COMM.7.1.03.HTM (1567 words)

	CNN.com - Main French force ready for Congo - Jun. 9, 2003
		French troops have arrived in Bunia, Congo, to act as a stabilizing force.
		About 350 French troops arrived at Entebbe airport, Uganda, Monday ready to be sent to Bunia, the scene of the worst fighting in neighboring Democratic Republic of Congo.
		The French troops are expected to fly to Bunia over the next four days, the first detachment arriving Tuesday.
	www.cnn.com /2003/WORLD/africa/06/09/congo.troops/index.html (603 words)

	Afrol Congo Brazzaville Index Page: Links to Congo Brazzaville
		AFP - Congo Brazzaville (French news agency) is probably the most regular provider of news from Congo Brazzaville, mostly with articles on a daily basis.
		Congo Brazzaville Economic Development and Indicators is an annual NewAfrica country profile on their pages about African economy.
		On their Congo Brazzaville Page you'll find country background information and facts (overviews) for the traveler (money and costs, when to go, attractions, activities, getting there, getting around, etc.), if there's not a travel warning.
	www.afrol.com /Index/countries/congobrazzavilleindex.htm (1930 words)

	African nation builds £1.4m marble mausoleum for colonial master \| Special reports \| Guardian Unlimited
		De Brazza's coffin, draped in the French flag, and those of his wife and four children were laid to rest at the site on the Congo river where he established the colony and served as its governor in the late 19th century.
		De Brazza, born in Italy and named Pietro but naturalised as French, beat Henry Morton Stanley, King Leopold of Belgium's envoy, in the race to capture the mineral-rich lands of what became the French Congo.
		De Brazza left French Congo in 1898 but in 1905, on a final visit shortly before his death, he wrote a report detailing forced labour and brutal punishment of Africans by European companies.
	www.guardian.co.uk /congo/story/0,,1886784,00.html (553 words)

	Congo History
		As the 19th century wound down, Portuguese power weakened and the French began to assume supremacy in western Africa.
		The French, in the person of Pierre Savorgnan de Brazza, negotiated the terms of the protectorate with the king of the Teke people.
		Almost thirty years later, the French brought their protectorates of Gabon, Middle Congo, Ubangi-Shari, and Chad together to form French Equatorial Africa.
	www.nationbynation.com /Congo/History1.html (270 words)

	Congo - Brazzaville on the Internet
		French explorer, founder of Brazzaville, Congo, Governor of the French Congo, born in Italy, 1852-1905.
		In French and English, Has news articles (esp. from October 1997), sources for news on the Congo, maps, information on the government, history, the national anthem, links to other Congo sites, how to write Congo in Chinese, etc. An independent site not affiliated with any government or party by Jean-Francois Blanc.
		The mission of Forests.org is to "contribute to the conservation of rainforests, forests, biodiversity, indigenous cultures and the climate..." Based in Madison, Wisconsin.
	www-sul.stanford.edu /depts/ssrg/africa/congob.html (2633 words)

	The Congo Reform Movement in England (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The Congo State found an apologist in Captain Bethell, and the suggestion was declined by the Government.
		and "The British Case in French Congo." In the course of this work the author, who was not acquainted, previous to 1901, with either Sir Charles Dilke or Mr.
		Resolutions of censure upon Congo State methods were passed in succession by the Associated Chambers of Commerce, by the Free Church Council, and by the London Branch of the International Union.
	www.boondocksnet.com /congo/congo_morel04.html (1921 words)

	Congo map and information page
		Subsequently, the Congo's population suffered through forced labor, and the country's valuable rubber and ivory resources were exploited.
		Independence from French control was achieved in 1960, however, over the decades that followed, the Republic of the Congo suffered through Marxism, a bloody civil war, on-going political instability, and ethnic unrest.
		The Congo River, and its major tributaries (the Ubangui and Sangha), nourish the land.
	www.worldatlas.com /webimage/countrys/africa/cg.htm (537 words)

	Republic of Congo Regions
		Regions of the Republic of Congo (Congo Brazzaville)
		Congo was one of the territories of French Equatorial Africa until 1960, under the name Moyen Congo.
		Republic of Congo is divided into ten régions (sometimes informally called départements) and one capital district.
	www.statoids.com /ucg.html (489 words)

	French Colonies - Congo (formerly Middle Congo)
		The Republic of Congo — called Congo-Brazzaville to distinguish it from Congo-Kinshasa, the Democratic Republic of Congo (formerly Zaire) — is an independent state on the equator in western Africa (see map).
		French is the official language; Lingala and Kituba, two patois dialects intelligible to most groups, are used widely as trade languages.
		In the late 19th century a French party led by Pierre Savorgnan de Brazza (for whom the capital is named) penetrated the area.
	www.discoverfrance.net /Colonies/Congo.shtml (1712 words)

	Democratic Republic of Congo Provinces
		Provinces of the Democratic Republic of Congo (Congo Kinshasa)
		At the start of the 20th century, the État Indépendant du Congo (Congo Free State) was the personal domain of King Léopold II of Belgium.
		A 1930 text says that the Belgian Congo was divided into five provinces (naming Ruanda-Urundi as one of them), subdivided into 21 districts, and then into 179 territoires (territories).
	www.statoids.com /ucd.html (1178 words)

	An English Lady in the French Colonies, Part IV
		The first port enroute to Brazzaville (the capital of French Congo and today of Congo) that the Vassals stopped at was Dakar, and instantly Vassal was critical.
		Though her husband (who had visited the port twenty years earlier) was impressed at the progress and improvement of the port since then, Vassal saw Dakar as a "sterile" dusty port, without any of the "life, colour, and comfort" of the Vietnamese and Chinese ports.
		Incorrectly assuming that even "primitive" peoples like the Congolese would know how to fish and to swim, she was dumbfounded that they were deathly afraid of the Congo River and thus were ignorant of how to fish or swim.
	www.suite101.com /article.cfm/british_history/42643 (313 words)

	And The Cry Went Up: 'Where Are The French' (Congo) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		In a virtual re-run of the battle for Bunia last month - when 700 UN peacekeepers stood by as hundreds of civilians were massacred, and 25,000 fled - the French troops remained at their airport barracks, without orders or capacity to intervene.
		the French are only interested in expanding their own interest and profit and the size of the death toll really does not matter to them.
		The French can send in troops and negotiate a peace without firing a shot and that will be the example.
	www.freerepublic.com /focus/f-news/925483/posts (2027 words)

	EDSITEment - Lesson Plan
		This unit on French language and culture takes full advantage of these points; and its focus on the family — a subject to which all students can relate — keeps the lessons simple and age-appropriate.
		While French is the official language of some 33 nations, young students will be unfamiliar with many of these.
		On the Line: French Virtual Journey: Sport lists the most popular sports in France as well as some of the major sporting events that take place there; work with students to compare the sports that are popular in France with some of their favorite sports.
	edsitement.neh.gov /view_lesson_plan.asp?id=340 (2788 words)

	Conference Of Non-Governmental Organizations in Consultative Status with the United Nations Economic and Social Council
		Compilation of information received from the 29 CONGO Member organizations nominated for election to the CONGO Board for the 2003-2006 period
		The background papers are available on the CONGO website, and the conclusions and recommendations for action will be posted there as soon as editing is completed.
		A powerful resolution on the threat of the closure of the CONGO Office in the UN Office at Geneva.
	www.ngocongo.org /oldsite/ngowhow/ga2003.htm (601 words)

	French Culture - Books - Readings, Conferences, & Symposia - Alain Mabanckou: Reading (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Los Angeles, CA Alain Mabanckou, who has been called "the most prolific contemporary writer in the French language," received the 2006 Renaudot Prize for his latest novel - MÃ©moire de Porc-Ã©pic (Memoirs of a Porcupine), published in French by the Editions du Seuil (www.seuil.com).
		Born in Congo-Brazzaville (formerly French Congo, now the Republic of the Congo), Mabanckou is revered in the French-speaking world for celebrating African life and politics in a humorous and tragic way.
		During the 2006-07 academic year, Mabanckou is teaching courses in French and Francophone studies and comparative literature at UCLA.
	www.frenchculture.org /a_alain-mabanckou-reading_490.cfm (181 words)

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