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Topic: French Constitution of 1795

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	Chillicothe Constitution (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Tarr shows that state constitutional politics are dominated by three crucial issues with little salience at the national level: the distribution of power among groups chillicothe constitution and regions within states, the scope of state chillicothe constitution and local governmental authority, chillicothe constitution and the relation of the state to economic activity.
		French Constitution of 1793 - The Constitution of 1793, Constitution of 24 June 1793 (French: "Acte constitutionnel du 24 juin 1793"), or Montagnard Constitution (French: "Constitution montagnarde") was a national constitution of France ratified by the National Convention on June 24, 1793 during the French Revolution, but never applied, due to...
		French Constitution of 1795 - The Constitution of 1795, Constitution of 22 August 1795, Constitution of the Year III, or Constitution of 5 Fructidor was a national constitution of France ratified by the National Convention on August 22, 1795 (5 Fructidor of the Year III under the French Revolutionary Calendar) during...
	za95.aamaa.info /chillicotheconstitution.html (1681 words)

	The Loss of Sovereignty: 1795
		The Third Partition, that of 1795, of which the King's abdication was a ratifying legalistic component, split the reduced state between the three partitioning powers which incorporated the fragments into their respective national territories.
		Rather it was the constitutional structure of the country which made it impossible for the state to be a powerful one.
		Instead, it reminded them of the French Constitution to which Louis XVI managed to swear an oath in 1790, a couple of years before he lost his head to the guillotine.
	info-poland.buffalo.edu /classroom/1795/demise.html (2670 words)

	[No title]
		It was incorporated into one of the modern reforms of the constitution of Sweden, (d) and it was an article in the French constitution of 1791, and in the French constitution of 1795, and it was inserted in the constitutional charter of Louis XVIII.
		And by the first constitution of the State of Mississippi, in 1807, the judges held their offices during good behavior, or until sixty-five years of age, and were appointed by the joint vote of the two houses of the legislature, given viva voce, and recorded.
		By the revised constitution of New York of 1846, a momentous revolution was effected in the mode of appointment, organization, and tenure of the judicial department, as well as in the appointment of officers generally.
	www.constitution.org /jk/jk_014.htm (15299 words)

	The French Revolution and Germany: German History
		The French Revolution, which erupted in 1789 with the storming of the Bastille in Paris, at first gained the enthusiastic approval of some German intellectuals, who welcomed the proclamation of a constitution and a bill of rights.
		In observance of the Treaty of Basel of 1795, Prussian and German forces north of the Main River ceased efforts against the French.
		French occupation authorities also allowed many smaller states, ecclesiastical entities, and free cities to be incorporated into their larger neighbors.
	www.germanculture.com.ua /library/history/bl_french_revolution.htm (566 words)

	The George Washington University Law School - French Collection
		Early French law was derived from the coutumes, as well as from Roman law, and was strongly influenced by canon law, especially in matrimonial and family matters.
		The French Collection includes scores of pamphlets covering the period of the Revolution from 1789-1799, ranging from decrees of the Assemblée Nationale through the Convention Nationale and the Reign of Terror (1793-1794).
		The influential French legal scholars and commentators of the 16th, 17th, and 18th centuries are well-represented in the collection.
	www.law.gwu.edu /Burns/rarebooks/spcol_french.htm (1717 words)

	French Revolution
		The French Revolution is a period in the History of France, covering the years 1789-1799, in which the monarchy was overthrown and radical restructing was forced upon the Roman Catholic Church.
		In 1795 a new constitution was drafted, which installed the Directoire.
		The French Revolutionary Calendar (or Republican Calendar) was introduced in France on 24 November 1793 and abolished on 1 January 1806.
	faculty.ucc.edu /egh-damerow/french_revolution.htm (1210 words)

	SparkNotes: the French Revolution (1789–1799): The Directory: 1795–1799
		On August 22, 1795, the convention was finally able to ratify a new constitution, the Constitution of 1795, which ushered in a period of governmental restructuring.
		The new constitution also stipulated that the executive body of the new government would be a group of five officers called the Directory.
		During the period from 1795 to 1799 in particular, the French army was nearly unstoppable.
	www.sparknotes.com /history/european/frenchrev/section6.rhtml (1676 words)

	Chronology of the French Revolution: 1795-1799
		In this instance the French, eluding the British fleet, almost landed their ships in Ireland, but were prevented by weather.
		During the 1788 elections, legislature had to be renewed by one third to meet constitution requirements, and the 198 deputies purged in 1787 had to be replaced; this yielded a total of 347 positions.
		The large number of deputies to be elected led to fear that royalists would repeat their success of the last two years and throw the government into turmoil.
	www.otal.umd.edu /~msites/frchron95-99.html (1336 words)

	Footnotes for Volume 8 of Marx-Engels Collected Works
		Although the manifesto hinted that Pius IX disapproved of the demand for a Constitution, it was interpreted as an approval of the movement for constitutional reforms which had developed after the popular uprising in Sicily in January 1848 against the rule of the Bourbons of Naples.
		Under the impact of the French revolution in February 1848 Pius IX was compelled to issue a decree on March 15, 1848, introducing a moderate Constitution in the Papal states.
		The last article of the Constitution imposed on December 5, 1848, and the decree on the convocation of the Chambers provided for a revision of the Constitution by the two Chambers before it was finally accepted and sworn to.
	www.marxists.org /archive/marx/works/cw/volume08/footnote.htm (18266 words)

	The French Revolution
		The French Revolution (1789-99) violently transformed France from a monarchical state with a rigid social hierarchy into a modern nation in which the social structure was loosened and power passed increasingly to the middle classes.
		France thus became a constitutional monarchy, and legal distinctions between Frenchmen disappeared; but the king was practically a prisoner, and many people were permanently alienated by the pretensions of the Assembly and the prevailing disorder.
		Constitutional controls and republican institutions were nonetheless steadily eroded until the creation of the First Empire (1804-15) ended the revolutionary period.
	www.discoverfrance.net /France/History/DF_revolution.shtml (2636 words)

	French Revolution - Reign of Terror, and the Guillotine
		Little Louis died in prison in 1795 at the age of ten.
		The French Revolution ended feudalism, absolute monarchy, and the special privileges of the nobles and clergy.
		The Constitution guaranteed individual rights (lost during the Reign of Terror).
	members.tripod.com /~mr_sedivy/napol3.html (466 words)

	French Government Documents
		The Constitution of the Fifth Republic, translation and commentary [by] Peter Campbell [and] Brian Chapman.
		Constitution of the French Republic (1795) : Offered to the French people, by the National Convention; and ratified by the people, in primary assemblies met.
		Constitution of the republic of France, completed on the 26th June, 1793, and submitted to the people by the National Convention.
	gethelp.library.upenn.edu /guides/govdocs/frenchgovdocs.html (1794 words)

	French Constitution of 1795 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Constitution of 1795, Constitution of 22 August 1795, Constitution of the Year III, or Constitution of 5 Fructidor was a national constitution of France ratified by the National Convention on August 22, 1795 (5 Fructidor of the Year III under the French Revolutionary Calendar) during the French Revolution.
		The Constitution of 1795 established a liberal republic with a franchise based on the payment of taxes, similar to that of the French Constitution of 1791; a bicameral legislature to slow down the legislative process; and a five-man Directory.
		It was succeeded by the Constitution of the Year VIII, which established the Consulate.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/French_Constitution_of_1795 (218 words)

	SparkNotes: the French Revolution (1789–1799): Summary of Events
		Years of feudal oppression and fiscal mismanagement contributed to a French society that was ripe for revolt.
		Though the National Assembly did succeed in drafting a constitution, the relative peace of the moment was short-lived.
		When the French army successfully removed foreign invaders and the economy finally stabilized, however, Robespierre no longer had any justification for his extreme actions, and he himself was arrested in July 1794 and executed.
	www.sparknotes.com /history/european/frenchrev/summary.html (986 words)

	Timeline France 1650-1795
		Chretien de Malesherbes, the French director of publications, managed to broker a compromise that included a layer of censorship and a 3rd volume was published by the end of 1753.
		The final defeat of the French came in 1763 with the British victory at the Battle of Quebec on the Plains of Abraham.
		1795 Jun 8, In France the Dauphin (Louis XVII), son and sole survivor of Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette, died at age 10 after succumbing to tuberculosis in the Temple prison.
	timelines.ws /countries/FRANCE1650_1795.HTML (14092 words)

	American Experience \| John & Abigail Adams \| People & Events \| PBS
		On August 27, it issued the Declaration of the Rights of Man, guaranteeing all French citizens freedom of speech, press, and religion, as well as a representative government and equality before the law.
		In 1795, a new constitution was adopted, with the Directory -- five men elected from the National Assembly -- acting as an executive branch and remaining in power throughout much of John Adams presidency.
		Napoleon would eventually declare himself "Emperor of the French." John Adams had feared just such a chaotic end: A revolution of this sort, he had argued, would lead not to democracy but despotism.
	www.pbs.org /wgbh/amex/adams/peopleevents/e_french.html (683 words)

	1795 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		June 28 - French government announces that the to the French throne has died of - many doubt the statement
		October 27 - The United States and Spain the Treaty of Madrid which established the boundaries between Spanish colonies and the U.S. Sweden becomes the first monarchy to recognize French Republic.
		This meteorite fall was used as a literary premise by the science fiction writer Philip Jose Farmer as the basis for the Wold Newton family stories.
	www.freeglossary.com /1795 (819 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Governments go through the political spectrum, bouncing back and forth beginning with liberals who begin the revolution and create a constitution, then to rule of the moderates.
		The constitution created a new government and dissolved the National Assembly while allowing the monarch to remain in a symbolic role.
		The old constitution was suspended and a new was to be developed by the National Convention.
	killeenroos.com /4/FRENCHGO.htm (525 words)

	The French Revolution
		French have had many Revolution in the last couple of centuries, but The French Revolution, the big one, is the revolution that began in 1789.
		For this class, we'll treat the French Revolution as the entire period between 1789 and 1815, a period of enormous change in French government.
		This period in French history is rightly called the "Reign of Terror," because of the deliberate use of frightful punishments for those who dared oppose the revolution.
	www.northern.edu /marmorsa/frenchrev.htm (1841 words)

	Mountain Warfare in the Past and Present by Frederick Engels
		How little the French were afraid of the inaccessible mountains and narrow gorges of Switzerland, they showed as early as March, 1798, when Masséna at once marched upon the roughest and most mountainous canton, the Grisons, then occupied by the Austrians.
		On April 12, 1798 a Helvetian Republic was proclaimed in Switzerland, and a constitution modelled on the French constitution of 1795 was adopted.
		The measures introduced by the new constitution favoured the economically advanced cantons and provoked stubborn resistance from the agrarian cantons in the central and eastern parts of the country.
	www.marxists.org /archive/marx/works/1857/01/mountain-warfare.htm (3719 words)

	The French Revolution
		The constitution of 1795 established a new government called the Directory.
		The constitution introduced a method of election to make sure that the wealthy bourgeoisie controlled the government.
		In 1795 he was given control of the French army in Italy after suppressing an uprising against the National Convention.
	www.geocities.com /thefrenchrevolution/directory.html (343 words)

	The Voice of Corfu
		At that period Corfu was a continuation of the mountain range of Pindos, was joined to the mainland of Greece and constituted a headland of Epirus.
		According to the proclamations of the French Revolution, which were already known to the island, the first concern was the abortion of the aristocratic regime, the formation of a municipal council under the leadership of the democratic party and the presidency of Spyridon Theotokis, and the application of the French Constitution of 1795.
		The French improved the street-layout and the architecture of the city.
	users.otenet.gr /~psailasn/index6.htm (7232 words)

	Gracchus Babeuf, Doctrine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The aim of the French Revolution is to destroy inequality and to re-establish the general welfare.
		All powers emanating from the so-called Constitution of 1795 are illegal and counter-revolutionary.
		Those who have raised their hands against the Constitution of 1793 are guilty of common high treason.
	www.wise.virginia.edu /history/wciv2/babeuf.html (272 words)

	Learn more about 1795 in the online encyclopedia. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Learn more about 1795 in the online encyclopedia.
		Sweden becomes the first monarchy to recognize the French Republic.
		City of Edmonton, Alberta founded when a Hudson's Bay Company Trading Post is established with the construction of Fort Edmonton.
	www.onlineencyclopedia.org /1/17/1795.html (369 words)

	THE FRENCH REVOLUTION
		Feudalism (idea of privilege): serfdom had ended and French peasants were better off than those in E. Europe (Austria, Prussia, Russia, Poland), but “French peasants still had obligations to their local landlords that they deeply resented.
		Political: executive supremacy of crown; people wanted share of power (French were the most enlightened on continent due to the influence of philosophes since France had become the center of the Enlightenment.
		“The French fared badly in the initial fighting, and loud recriminations were soon heard in Paris....Defeats in war coupled with economic shortages in the spring reinvigorated popular groups that had been dormant since the previous summer and led to renewed political demonstrations, especially against the king.
	socsci.gulfcoast.edu /rbaldwin/FRENCH.REV.htm (3494 words)

	Rediscovering George Washington . Letter to Henry Knox, September 20, 1795 \| PBS
		Cabot — the Senator — requesting, without letting my name appear, that the young gentleman might be provided (at my expence) with every thing that he and his Tutor might stand in need of.
		— And as his coming to Philadelphia — immediately at least — might, the French Minister being there — occasion embarrassments and be productive of no essential good — I proposed, until something [inserted: more] eligible could be devised, to have him entered at the University in Cambridge, with his Tutor.
		GLC 2437.52.175 is a duplicate of this document.
	www.pbs.org /georgewashington/collection/pres_1795sep20.html (554 words)

	Women and the French Revolution (1789 - 1795) Women's History Month 2003 by Sunshine for Women
		Peasant and laboring-class French women had always been politically active in times of crises — they were responsible for putting bread on the table, and during times of hardship, such as famine, when bread was unavailable or expensive, women had traditionally marched to the civic center to beseech the local government to ameliorate their misery.
		During the French Revolution, this tradition would be followed with one exception: Parisian women no longer marched to the civic center to petition the local magistrates, but rather they marched first to the royal palace itself and sent their petitions directly to the king then, later, they marched to the national legislature.
		Conceived as a prologue to the still unwritten constitution, in August 1791 the Declaration of the Rights of Man was promulgated by the National Assembly.
	www.pinn.net /~sunshine/whm2003/fr_rev_wmn.html (2192 words)

	The French Revolution
		The commander of the garrison and the mayor of Paris were seized and beheaded, their heads held on pikes as the mob marched through the streets.
		Under pressure from leaders in the city, who argued that the presence of the army outside Paris was a source of panic and hysteria among Parisians, the King disbanded the army.
		While the National Assembly wrote a Constitution and the French Declaration of the Rights of Man, popular discontent led to a march on Versailles by unemployed workers, mostly women in the garment trade.
	www2.sunysuffolk.edu /westn/frenchrev.html (1586 words)

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