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Topic: French Creole

	Creole - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Creoles are categorized as a bridge in langage development between a pidgin and a language.
		Creoles can remain as a sort of second, local standard, like the Haitian creole, or they can be absorbed into the local dialect, which has happened in Latin America and a little in Hawai'i.
		In the Caribbean region the term creole is used to describe anyone, regardless of race or ethnicity, who was born and raised in the region.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Creole (1391 words)

	French Creole Architecture
		French Creole architecture is one of the nation's three major colonial architectural traditions.
		French Creole architecture, of course, began in the French colonial period (1699-1762).
		The previously mentioned timber frame incorporated French joinery i.e., angle braces that are extremely steep, running all the way from sill to plate, in contrast to English joinery where the angle brace is almost a 45 degree angle.
	www.cr.nps.gov /nr/travel/louisiana/architecture.htm (661 words)

	French Creole - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The French Creole language which is a Creole based on French and African languages
		The people and culture in former French colonies such as Haiti, Louisiana, Martinique or Mauritius
		Descendants of European plantation owners in Trinidad and Tobago (or more generally as a synonym for "White").
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/French_Creole (113 words)

	Cajun French: Creoles: Creole Language: French: Cajuns (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		French was the language of everyday life and government in Louisiana into the 19th century.
		Even once French began to be taught again as a foreign language in Louisiana schools, teachers regularly told students that knowing some Cajun or Creole French was worse than none at all.
		Creole is somewhat complicated by its greater distance from the French language.
	ccet.louisiana.edu /Cajun_French_and_Creole.html (1413 words)

	Creole Translations
		Creole is a language spoken by the entire population of Haiti (estimated at seven million people).
		As for "patois", the word is, for example, often used for regional forms of French that have been spoken for centuries and that are still spoken today in the French countryside, although less and less.
		Unfortunately article 5 of the 1987 constitution proclaiming that Creole is the sole language uniting all Haitians and one of the two official languages of the country is not yet seriously implemented in government offices.
	www.creoletrans.com /faq.htm (1564 words)

	Creole Language in Haiti (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The argument is about whether Creole should have become the official language of the country when independence was declared in 1804." (7) Although this argument was not the basis of this paper nor the interviews performed, the relevance and utilization of Creole was debated within the four interviews that were conducted.
		She believes it is necessary to have Creole in the schools because as in her case and in many cases Creole is the first language for children.
		Being that Creole is mostly spoken, it was essential to have this language installed in the schools, public facilities as well as throughout the country.
	www.saxakali.com /caribbean/LanahL.htm (3862 words)

	Speaking Slavery Language in Eighteenth Century Mauritius
		The small elite ‘French’ population talked amongst themselves on a continuum of more or less standard French (still an unstable language in the metropole at this time) and regional dialects, and a version of the island’s creole to their slaves.
		Ile de France creole may have acquired its own identity by the middle of the eighteenth century, but there was certainly a moment in the late nineteenth century when some Mauritians (now under British rule) felt that ‘their’ creole language was in danger of being lost.
		The absence of the ‘I’ in creole languages is intriguing, but is not, in fact, unique to them, and there is no easy interpretation of this and other aspects of language created under slavery[ix].
	www.encyclopedia.mu /Society/Language/SpeakingSlavery.htm (5380 words)

	Haiti - LANGUAGE
		Monolingual Creole speakers avoided formal situations where their inability to communicate in French would be a disadvantage or an embarrassment.
		Although the majority of Creole words have French origins, Creole's grammar is not similar to that of French, and the two languages are not mutually comprehensible.
		French language became a vital distinction between these who had been emancipated before the revolution (the anciens libres) and those who achieved freedom through the revolution, and it ensured the superior status of the anciens libres.
	countrystudies.us /haiti/30.htm (871 words)

	creolenationallanguageofhaiti
		Creole is the most widely spoken and most developed of a large group of creole languages that are found today in all former French plantation colonies, including Louisiana, Guadeloupe, Martinique, French Guyana and islands in the Indian Ocean.
		Also, Creole has kept the original meaning of Popular French words whereas in France these words were replaced by words from Standard French, and some Popular French words changed their meaning.
		Most present-day Creole speakers are descendants of African slaves, and some people think that it is a language that mixes French vocabulary with grammar from African languages.
	www.indiana.edu /~creole/creolenatllangofhaiti.html (724 words)

	Verbix -- Creole. Conjugate verbs in 50+ languages (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		French creoles also are used in French Guiana and, though dying out, in the U.S. state of Louisiana; Haitian immigrants also account for a large number of the French creole speakers in the United States.
		In Africa, Portuguese creoles are used by more than 450,000 people in Guinea-Bissau, Senegal, the Cape Verde Islands, and some Gulf of Guinea islands (Annobn in Equatorial Guinea, where it is losing ground to Spanish, and S o Tom and Pr ncipe, where more than four-fifths of the 125,000 inhabitants speak creole dialects).
		In Brazil a Portuguese creole was once widespread, extending even to Suriname, where Portuguese Jews and their slaves fled in the 17th century; the creole is now virtually extinct.
	www.verbix.com /languages/creole.asp (473 words)

	Dictionary to Document Unique French Creole Dialect
		"Creole describes the way people live; it's a very rich language and it's got a lot of humor in it, which is rare," he said.
		As a result, the Creole spoken today is a mix of 17th century French and African tribal dialects.
		The changes from French to Creole are apparently the result of Africanization, according to Dugas.
	www.carencrohighschool.org /LA_Studies/B_Creole/Dictionary.htm (687 words)

	AHAD - What is Haitian Creole?
		Creoles are believed to be pidgins that have expanded both their linguistic structures and their communicative functions and have become the native language of an entire speech community.
		The Atlantic Creoles are comprised of the Creoles spoken in Haiti, Martinique, Guadeloupe, Dominica, Ste Lucia, French Guyana, Louisiana.
		The Indian Ocean Creoles are comprised of the Creoles spoken in Mauritius, Seychelles, and Réunion.
	www.ahadonline.org /eLibrary/creoleconnection/Number20/haitiancreole.htm (3135 words)

	Creole
		It was during that century that the mixed-race Creoles of Color (or gens de couleur libre, "free persons of color") came into their own as an ethnic group, enjoying many of the legal rights and privileges of whites.
		It is generally understood among these Creoles that Creole of Color still refers to Creoles of mixed-race heritage, while the term fl Creole refers to Creoles of more or less pure African descent.
		Creoles of African descent exerted a strong influence on Cajun culture (and vice versa), affecting, for example, the Cajuns' music, foodways, and religious practices.
	www.cajunculture.com /Other/creole.htm (548 words)

	92.02.02: French Creoles in Louisiana: An American Tale
		Creole life today will be mentioned as evidence of the Creoles’ tenacity and interest in holding on to their heritage.
		Creoles began to have an influence on the territory in the 1760’8 with the help of O’Reilly and Unzaga who included them in the government and encouraged marriages between the French Creoles an Spanish soldiers.
		A Creole is a n ‘white person descended from the French or Spanish settlers of Louisiana and the Gulf States and preserving their characteristic speech and culture.’.
	www.yale.edu /ynhti/curriculum/units/1992/2/92.02.02.x.html (6459 words)

	Cajun French at LSU (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Cajun French is the term generally used to describe the variety of French spoken in South Louisiana.
		Today, the French spoken in Louisiana no longer fits the “three type” paradigm but is better characterized as a continuum along which different speakers can be placed or even move among varying degrees of French which is more or less creolized or cajunized.
		Where Cajun French differs from the standard, it is due to a variety of influences similar to those which have caused regional variation in other languages of the world.
	www.artsci.lsu.edu /fai/Cajun/definition.html (916 words)

	Creole -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		Examples are Gullah (derived from English) spoken in the Sea Islands of South Carolina, U.S., Haitian Creole (derived from French), Krio (derived from English) spoken in Sierra Leone, Louisiana Creole (derived from French), Melanesian Pidgin (derived from English), Sranantonga...
		Louisiana Creole, which is closely related to Haitian Creole, should not be confused with either Louisiana provincial standard French, spoken by the descendants of the French upper classes in and around New Orleans, nor with the language of the Cajuns; both of the latter are dialects of...
		When a Basque speaker uses French to talk to a French speaker, for instance, he is using the other speaker's language.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9027845?tocId=9027845 (789 words)

	Research on Louisiana French Folklore and Folklife (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		While the Louisiana French language was studied for its linguistic interest, it also acquired a social stigma with the Americanization of the Cajuns which began at the turn of this century (see Ancelet 1988).
		This creolization is the reason Cajun and Creole cottages have the steep roof lines of western French tradition, as well as the porches of Afro-Caribbean influence, and they are off the ground with big cross-ventilating windows because of the sub-tropical climate.
		In the introduction to his dictionary, Father Daigle dissociates the language of the Cajuns from French, while insisting that its legitimacy is based in part on the fact that the vast majority of the vocabulary is French.
	www.cajunnetwork.com /ccfma/Ancelet.htm (4178 words)

	Louisiana Cajun French and Creole (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		An already complex socio-linguistic situation was compounded during the first half of this century by a hostile climate which actively sought to eliminate the French language in Louisiana as part of the Americanization of the Cajuns and Creoles.
		He received an MA in Folklore from Indiana University in 1977, and a doctorate in Études Créoles (anthropology and linguistics) from the Université de Provence (Aix-Marseille I) in 1984.
		He has been on the faculty at USL since 1977, first as Director of the Center for Acadian and Creole Folklore, and later as a Professor of Folklore and Francophone Studies in the Department of Modern Languages, which he currently chairs.
	www.cajunnetwork.com /ccfma/Ancelet4.htm (1590 words)

	Tok Pisin (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Trinidad French Creole (TFC) is therefore very similar to that of the French islands, especially Martinique, though it also developed its own traits, notably in its vocabulary.
		The French from which they derive was brought to the French West Indian colonies in the 17th and 18th centuries, and Creole has sometimes kept both forms and meanings which have not survived in modern French; e.g.
		There is a large number of examples in TFC which, to anyone who knows French, seem to consist of a noun preceded by the definite article, but are in fact cases of what is known as agglutination, where what looks like the definite article has become an integral part of the noun, e.g.
	www.une.edu.au /langnet/trinidad.htm (1347 words)

	Sainte Genevieve MO Historic Sites
		This is a French creole vernacular post in ground (poteaux-enterre) construction one of three in Ste.
		This French creole vernacular post in the ground is number three of three in Ste.
		This French creole vernacular post in ground construction is number two of the three extant post in ground houses in Ste.
	www.ste-genevieve.com /histsite.htm (807 words)

	A Creole American Article
		Creoles are among a rich cultural heritage of people, nomatter what label or how they classify themselves; French Creole, Afo-American Creole, White Creole or Indian-American Creole.
		In speaking with Creoles in our community, it was taught to them by their parents who they are and who their ancestors were.
		Creole parents that are near the age of 40 are about to become grandparents to the future Creoles of America.
	www.brothermichael.com /cajun/creole (2947 words)

	French (and Haitian Creole)
		Spoken in France, Belgium, Switzerland, Haiti, Canada, French possessions in the Caribbean and South Pacific, and in former colonies in Africa (including Algeria, Burkina Faso, Chad, Gabon, Ivory Coast, Libya, Mali, Mauritania, Morocco, Niger, Senegal, Congo) and Asia (Cambodia, Vietnam).
		Haitian Creole does not distinguish past tense and past perfect, and does not change the verb to indicate past tense.
		In French, definite article is used with singular or uncountable noun to state a generalization: *The photography is an art.
	college.hmco.com /english/raimes/frames/eslcentr/french.htm (307 words)

	Creole (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		As to making creole the primary language of the country and have French and English become secondary languages, I think that it would be a grave mistake for several reasons: 1) Haiti is a tiny country entirely and increasingly dependent on commerce with the outside world for its material survival.
		Given this understanding, it would be unfotunate to eliminate French as a primary language and have it moved to the level of "acquired language".
		The Creole Institute at Indiana University is recognized as the only center in the United States that is equipped to deal in depth with linguistic and related educational issues in Haiti.
	www.haitiglobalvillage.com /sd-kreyol/Creole.htm (6271 words)

	French Caribbean Cuisine Ovide
		The cuisine of the French West Indies has been greatly influenced by consecutive waves of immigration by the Caraibes, Spaniards, Dutch, Africans, Indians, Chinese, and French.
		French Caribbean Cuisine also comprises an extensive glossary of culinary terms that will familiarize readers with various exotic fruits, vegetables, and fish, and a list of online vendors that specialize in Caribbean products and spices.
		Stéphanie Ovide was born and raised in Guadeloupe.
	www.lisaekus.com /food_media_resources/frenchcaribbeancuisine.htm (906 words)

	Louisiana Creole Grammar (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Join the Louisiana Creole list to discuss this beautiful language a practice using it with others.
		Go here to see the complete conjugation of a Louisiana Creole verb.There should be no irregular verbs.
		Be sure to note which Creole you are asking about.
	www.angelfire.com /ky/LeCorde/cajun.html (583 words)

	French Creole Heritage
		Creoles like Armand Duplantier were status-conscious, permissive, and fun-loving.
		Creole architecture is one of the special features which make Louisiana unique.
		Creole architecture reflects the concept of mixture which defines the Creoles themselves.
	www.laheritage.org /CreoleHeritage (274 words)

	FrenchQuarter.com: The Essential Guide to New Orleans' Oldest Neighborhood
		In the French Quarter everything is different and everything is the same.
		The French Quarter, the historic heart of the city, suffered wind and rain damage but no significant flooding.
		Her flags are flying, the brass work is polished and the Prince Conti Hotel looks as smart and welcoming as she did before the hurricane.
	www.frenchquarter.com (465 words)

	Creole Institute
		The dictionary is English-Haitian Creole with a reverse index.
		Ann pale kreyòl differs from its predecessor (A Basic Course in Haitian Creole) by the use of the official (IPN) spelling, by the inclusion of drawings illustrating objects and actions, and by a more accurate and authentic portrayal of Haitian culture.
		With this CD-ROM, those who are interested in Louisiana French will be able not only to consult a representative list of terms from the language’s lexicon and to read texts illustrating how the language is used in everyday communicative interactions, but also to hear the speech of French-speaking Louisianians.
	www.indiana.edu /~creole/abstract.html (857 words)

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