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	Free French Forces - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		As French defence forces were increasingly overwhelmed, De Gaulle found himself part of a small group of politicians who argued against a negotiated surrender to Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy.
		French Indochina and the colonies of Guadeloupe and Martinique in the West Indies remained under Vichy government control.
		By September 1944 the Free French forces stood at 560,000, which rose to 1 million by the end of 1944, and were fighting in Alsace, the Alps and Brittany.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Free_French_Forces (1440 words)

	France: The search for justice : The effective impunity of law enforcement officers in cases of shootings, deaths in ...
		French law enforcement has traditionally been divided between a national civilian police force, placed under the control of the Minister of the Interior, and a gendarmerie nationale, placed under the responsibility of the Minister of Defence and seen as an integral part of the military, alongside the army, navy and air force.
		French law requires that, where force is used, the means should be proportionate to the severity of the threat or attack.
		Although it is still not unusual in France for prosecutors to make a case for the defence of police officers and to request either their acquittal or a nominal sentence, the role of the prosecutor in such a case raises the question of "equality of arms" between prosecution and defence in a court of law.
	web.amnesty.org /library/index/engeur210012005 (17020 words)

	VENETIC
		The official French response to this on 3 March 1986 did not involve any marked support for the Soviet Union's move, nor did it mark a change in Mitterrand, who continued speaking of relying on France's deterrent as the best means of defence (Claude p187-191).
		French military forces remained in West Germany after 1966; French forces still exercised with NATO troops; and the "force de frappe", which was declared operational in 1968, still relied on NATO's early warning systems (as Mitterrand had occasion to point out) (B. Ledwidge; De Gaulle p319).
		As it was not an electorally divisive issue, the PS retained its stated commitment to nuclear defence in the 1988 Legislative Elections in the belief that this was what the majority of French citizens desired, and also in the belief that this was what was necessary for the continued security of both France and Europe.
	www.venetic.com /frenchdefencepolicy.html (11140 words)

	BITS Report 98.5 - Nuclear Futures Part 3
		It is clear from this description of French nuclear doctrine that nuclear weapons remain at the heart of French defence policy.
		This is to be achieved at three levels: the strategic, or the national defence level; the operational, or at the theatre level; and the tactical, or the level of troops on the ground.
		In short, although the French defence budget has remained roughly stable, money allocated to the procurement of nuclear weapons has declined, while that allocated to the research, development, and procurement of space-based intelligence assets has dramatically increased.
	www.bitsberlin.de /public/researchreport/rr98-5-3.htm (4221 words)

	French Defence - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The defence is named after a match played by correspondence between the cities of London and Paris in 1834 (although earlier examples of games with the opening do exist).
		One of Black's main problems in the French Defence is his queen's bishop, which is blocked in by his own pawn on e6.
		An often cited example of the potential weakness of this bishop is Tarrasch-Teichmann, San Sebastian 1912, in which the position on the left was reached after 15 moves of a Classical French.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/French_Defence (3443 words)

	EU Referendum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-06)
		At the time of the shooting, the French claimed that dead man was a known highway gang leader who was wanted for crimes including five killings and four rapes.
		The French own 45 per cent of the land and, curiously, the buildings of the Presidency of the Republic and of the Ivorian National assembly are subject to leases concluded with the French.
		The French army had already fired without warning on unarmed Gbagboist demonstrators in November 2003, seriously wounding three of them and then, on direct orders from Chirac, France responded in what was seen at the time as a gross over-reaction - by destroying the country's entire air force, sparking riots in Abidjan.
	eureferendum.blogspot.com /2005/10/frances-little-iraq.html (742 words)

	Bulletin No 56
		A internal rethink of French deterrence logic, which was carried out by a confined policy-making circle due to the specifics of the French model of democratic governance, led to the conclusion that deterrence could no longer be solely understood as nuclear and defensive but also as conventional and offensive (Military Programme Law 2003-2008).
		The participation of two French firms (Thales and EADS-ST) in a feasibility study on the protection of populations, contracted by the NATO NSC3 Agency, was the object of a special agreement negotiated with the French interdepartmental commission on arms exports (CIEEMG) in 2003.
		The French deterrence doctrine, which during the Cold War was based upon pure nuclear deterrence, was extended in June 2001 to cover the deterrence of potential attacks with chemical and biological weapons.
	www.hsfk.de /abm/print/bulletin/kempmawd.htm (5043 words)

	Disarmament Diplomacy: - US Ballistic Missile Defence: A French View (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-06)
		At the same time, it was clear to French leaders and experts that, whatever their different views on the subject, extremely important considerations were at stake.
		Fourthly, the cost of the NMD system, coming at a time when defence budgets are declining in Europe, and when the need for conventional means (sometimes basic conventional means) is, on the contrary, increasing, has not encouraged the European nations to seriously consider investing in such systems.
		This may be the American agenda: deploy missile defences in Europe to protect NATO countries and present NMD as a co-operative strategic concept.
	www.acronym.org.uk /44bmd.htm (1656 words)

	France India Strategic Partnership
		French interest was focussed in terms of arms supplies contracts to both India and Pakistan.
		In terms of volume of French arms supplies in recent years, the balance tilted towards Pakistan and specifically the Pak Navy in terms of capital equipment supply.
		French strategic interest in India has been kindled from 1998 when the new government in power initiated events, strategically assertive in nature, in marked contrast to ambiguities and moral posturing of earlier eras.
	www.saag.org /papers2/paper127.html (2399 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Africa \| French troops suffocated Ivorian
		French troops in Ivory Coast killed an Ivorian man by suffocation in May while he was in their custody, the French Defence Ministry has said.
		The French forces commander at the time was informed of what had happened, but did not report it to his superiors.
		The prisoner, Firmin Mahe, "was killed by suffocation by French soldiers in an armoured vehicle" in western Ivory Coast, the Defence Ministry statement said.
	news.bbc.co.uk /go/rss/-/2/hi/africa/4399528.stm (254 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Europe \| EU agrees to open defence market
		When Europe's largest defence contractor, the European Aeronautic Defence and Space company (EADS), was formed from the merger of French, German and Spanish defence companies in 2000, some observers expected a wave of consolidation in the European defence sector.
		The Aerospace and Defence Industries Association of Europe (ASD) backs the new code of conduct - but would prefer it to be binding rather than voluntary.
		Although the code of conduct is not legally enforceable, French Defence Minister Michele Alliot-Marie said participating countries would be under a "moral obligation".
	news.bbc.co.uk /go/rss/-/2/hi/europe/4458014.stm (410 words)

	Indo-French defence deals on the cards [Free Republic]
		Key defence deals, including the provision of 10 additional Mirage-2000-H jets for the Indian Air Force (IAF) and issues of naval cooperation, are expected to come up during Mr.
		French assistance is considered important, following India's proposed plans to maintain a nuclear triad of land-based, aircraft-fitted and ship- launched missiles.
		His visit is expected to give direction to the Indo- French High Committee on Defence, which is aiming for service-to- service cooperation and establishing contacts between defence scientists of the two countries.
	www.freerepublic.com /forum/a391f2f39469b.htm (463 words)

	Rediff On The NeT: India, France to hold joint military exercises (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-06)
		The defence minister was briefed by the chief of the joint staff of the French armed forces on the organisation of their command structure.
		During the discussions, both sides underscored that co-operation in defence was vital, and all efforts should be made to enhance and deepen it.
		The Indo-French defence co-operation is part of the overall Indo-French relationship and is based on the understanding and appreciation of each other's security interests, priorities and aspirations, the statement added.
	www.rediff.com /news/1999/jan/15def.htm (249 words)

	rediff.com:High-level Indo-French defence talks today
		Defence secretary T R Prasad is leading the delegation that also includes vice-chief of air staff Air Marshal P S Brar, vice-chief of army staff Lt General Chandrashekhar, vice chief of the naval staff P J Jacob and additional secretary (defence procurement and supplies) Dhirendra Singh.
		Informed sources told rediff.com that though the high committee on defence is not the final authority to decide on military purchases, the issue of the long pending deal on 10 Mirage 2000s will figure high on the agenda.
		Prasad is also due to meet the chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee General Pierre Kelche and general secretary of the French ministry of foreign affairs, Hennekine.
	www.rediff.com /news/2000/jul/05france.htm (359 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Europe \| France takes swipe at Rumsfeld (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-06)
		French Defence Minister Michele Alliot-Marie has sharply criticised her US counterpart Donald Rumsfeld's view of the world.
		Her comments came after news that the American defence department - along with many US aerospace firms - had reduced its participation in this year's show in apparent retaliation for French opposition to the war in Iraq.
		The French minister said US companies followed "the logic of economic warfare" and expressed "true preoccupation" of attempts by US companies to take over European defence concerns.
	www.warblogging.com /warfarking/mirror/1055679525.html (396 words)

	IECG Book Review (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-06)
		This book continues the coverage of the French Defence that was begun by Pedersen in The Main Line French: 3 Nc3.
		It is essential reading for all those who play the French, and for those who meet it with the popular and flexible Tarrasch Variation.
		Steffen Pedersen has produced a trilogy of books covering the French Defence, each in their own right is instructive but as a set you have a comprehensive base for your study of this resilient defence.
	www.iecg.org /reviews/tarrasch.htm (351 words)

	Defence cooperation - French embassy in the UK - France in the UK
		Armaments cooperation is one of the mainstays of a defence policy designed to give Europe the essential technological capabilities for its strategic autonomy.
		On 27 July 2000, France signed the framework agreement for the harmonization and simplification of the rules applicable to defence industries, which is vital to provide support for the restructuring carried out by European firms.
		Two Royal Navy officers were honoured on 15 February 2002 by the award of the French Croix de Valeur Militaire for their service whilst under French command during the Kosovo campaign.
	www.ambafrance-uk.org /article.php3?id_article=314 (819 words)

	French Culture \| books: Shaun Gregory, French Defence Policy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-06)
		This book examines the evolution of French defense policy since the end of the Cold War through an analysis of the debates in France between 1989 and 1994 about the changing international security context and risks and opportunities for France.
		The second half of the book assesses the key themes identified by the 1994 Livre Blanc sur la Défense and the 1996 Loi de Programmation [1997-2002] and examines the implications for the role of France in international security into the 21st century.
		French Defense in Context * Adjusting to Change: French Defense Policy, 1989-1992 * The Reform of Defense * French Defense Policy in the New Europe * French Policy in a Global Context.
	www.frenchculture.org /books/release/history/gregory.html (160 words)

	Resumption of French nuclear tests in the Pacific
		The French scientific corps was strongly influenced by the communist movement which then had the backing of a quarter of the electorate.
		The French presence is an important economic advantage for the population of the region.
		The French Defence Ministry, moreover, declared that this test was intended to guarantee the future safety and reliability of these weapons.
	www.fas.org /news/france/1488e.htm (18711 words)

	Expatica's French news in English: French defence minister in historic visit to Algeria (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-06)
		When Alliot-Marie arrives in the former French colony, she will be the first French defence minister to make an official visit there since the end of the 1954-1962 war for Algeria's independence.
		During Alliot-Marie's visit, France and Algeria are expected to sign a defence cooperation agreement, which would seek to develop bilateral exchanges of military personnel and the prospect of joint exercises in the Mediterranean.
		The independent Algerian press speculated that the series of high-level French visits was aimed at maintaining France's influence in Algeria, and at keeping the north African country from moving into Washington's orbit.
	www.expatica.com /source/site_article.asp?subchannel_id=58&story_id=9581 (530 words)

	Khaleej Times Online (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-06)
		Therefore, French land defence and naval industries have chosen to participate in the Idex 2003 exhibition at an unprecedented level," the release said.
		For example, the repair and maintenance of the French naval ships stationed in the region is done in the UAE harbours thanks to contracts signed with the local ship building and repair companies," the release noted.
		Describing Idex as the premier land and naval defence exhibition serving the Middle East and Asia, the release said Idex 2005 is one of the only four trade shows in UAE certified by the US Department of Commerce.
	www.khaleejtimes.com /DisplayArticle.asp?xfile=data/theuae/2005/February/theuae_February289.xml§ion=theuae (764 words)

	France for Mediterranean defence pact -DAWN - International; 19 July, 2004
		The visit is the first by a French defence minister to the vast former French colony since the end of its war of independence more than four decades ago.
		She spoke of a "true will towards partnership shown by both President Bouteflika and (French President Jacques) Chirac." "We must work together to fight terrorism," the minister earlier told a selection of Algerian personalities at a special conference at the Diplomatic Institute of International Relations here.
		The minister's visit marked the start of bilateral talks on a framework defence agreement which would include officer training, joint exercises, equipment and arms sales and possible data exchanges in the fight against terrorism.
	www.dawn.com /2004/07/19/int7.htm (686 words)

	"); NewWindow.document.write("IRINnews"); NewWindow.document.write(" (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-06)
		KINSHASA, 4 Aug 2003 (IRIN) - The Belgian and French defence ministers, saying they are pleased with the work of the EU-led peace-enforcement mission in the Ituri District of northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), have pledged continued support for the peace and stability efforts in the country.
		The two defence ministers said the EU would continue supporting the DRC, particularly to "rebuild its administration and to ensure that justice prevailed", Flahaut said.
		His comments followed a diplomatic visit of the Belgian and French defence ministers to Uganda, which is serving as a rear base for the Ituri intervention.
	www.irinnews.org /report.asp?ReportID=35780 (1081 words)

	Mail & Guardian Online:
		Giant French defence company Thales is set to be charged alongside Jacob Zuma when the provisional indictment against the former deputy president is delivered.
		The French government still has a minority stake in the once state-owned Thales, and French diplomatic sources have indicated there would be displeasure at the move.
		The French authorities are also investigating allegations by former head of Thales’s engineering and consulting unit, Michel Josserand, that Thales routinely paid “commissions” to secure contracts.
	mg.co.za /articlePage.aspx?articleid=255659&area=/insight/... (876 words)

	French defence minister proposes EU-ASEAN alliance (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-06)
		BANGKOK, Feb 26 (AFP) - French Defence Minister Alain Richard on Friday proposed an EU-ASEAN strategic alliance to counterbalance the influence of the United States in Asia.
		In Singapore on Wednesday the French minister called for a high-level Europe-Asia security dialogue and said the task of maintaining peace in the region should not be left to the United States.
		Richard, the first French defence minister to visit Thailand, had talks about technological cooperation with Prime Minister Chuan Leekpai and members of the Thai parliamentary defence committees.
	scv.bu.edu /GC/lsigal/Paper/clari.world.europe.union.CNML/Qthailand-franceURpCK_9FQ.cnml.html (228 words)

	AngolaPress - News (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-06)
		Paris, France, 10/19 - The former head of the Licorne force in Côte-D`Ivoire, General Henri Poncet, was suspended Monday by the French defence ministry for having covered the murder of an Ivorian by French soldiers, official sources in Paris revealed Tuesday.
		A military communiqué had indicated that he "died of his injuries" but the defence ministry refuted this version of facts, considering that "all the details have not been established" on the circumstances surrounding.
		As the former boss of the Special Forces, he had commanded in 1994 the operation aimed at evacuating French nationals at the beginning of the genocide in Rwanda.
	www.angolapress-angop.ao /noticia-e.asp?ID=384453 (189 words)

	French Defence Ministry Releases Radar UFO Info (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-06)
		For the first time ever, a private French UFO research group obtains a file on a military radar detection directly through the French Ministry of Defence.
		We are pleased to announce that the issue 43 of Phenomena, the French newsstand journal dedicated to the scientific study of unidentified aerial phenomena has been published.
		September 99: having never recieved any reply, investigators file a procedure with the Commission díAcces aux Documents Administratifs, a French official body which gives an opinion of whether the files may or may not be communicated under the French Freedom of Information Act.
	www.rense.com /general/radarufo.htm (347 words)

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