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Topic: French East India Company

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	East India Company - MSN Encarta
		East India Company, any of a number of commercial enterprises formed in western Europe during the 17th and 18th centuries to further trade with the East Indies.
		The most important of the companies were given charters by their respective governments, authorizing them to acquire territory wherever they could and to exercise in the acquired territory various functions of government, including legislation, the issuance of currency, the negotiation of treaties, the waging of war, and the administration of justice.
		The East India Company, however, bought control of this new company, and in 1702 an act of Parliament amalgamated the two as “The United Company of Merchants of England Trading to the East Indies.” The charter was renewed several times in the 18th century, each time with financial concessions to the Crown.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761571539/East_India_Company.html (1152 words)

	East India Company - ninemsn Encarta
		The most important companies were given charters by their respective governments, authorizing them to acquire territory wherever they could and to exercise in the acquired territory various functions of government, including legislation, the issue of currency, the negotiation of treaties, the waging of war, and the administration of justice.
		In 1784 the India Act created a department of the British government to exercise political, military, and financial control over the Indian affairs of the company, and for the next half century British control was extended over most of the subcontinent.
		The company continued its administrative functions until the Indian Mutiny (1857-1859), a widespread revolt that began with the Indian soldiers in the company’s Bengal army.
	au.encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761571539/East_India_Company.html (1204 words)

	EAST INDIA COMPANY
		Although the company, unlike its Dutch rival, had not hitherto undertaken territorial acquisition, this changed in 1668 when Bombay, ceded in 1665 to Charles II as part of a marriage settlement from the Portuguese crown, became the seat of the company's western presidency in place of Surat.
		Unfortunately, success was not commensurate with the effort, and the company believed the poor results were due to the failure of their servants, but also partly to "the miserable condition" of Persia, which was suffering from insecurity, intolerance, corruption, and a collapsing currency (IO G/40/4, Surat to Company, 21 January 1677/78).
		In this deteriorating situation the company was ill-served by its servants and suffered attacks from Muscat coastal raiders and incursions from eastern regions against its factory in Bandar(-e) ¿Abba@s, though it was still hoping to revive its trade.
	www.iranica.com /articles/v7/v7f6/v7f656.html (2566 words)

	Glossary: East India Company
		East India Company was the name of several historic European companies chartered with the monopoly of trading with Asia for their respective countries.
		The Dutch East India Company (Vereenigde Oostindische Compagnie or VOC in Dutch, literally "United East Indies Company") was established on March 20, 1602, when the Estates-General of the Netherlands granted it a monopoly to carry out colonial activities in Asia.
		The venture was inspired by the success of the British East India Company and grew to become the largest trading company in Sweden during the 18th century, until it closed in 1813.
	www.gotheborg.com /glossary/data/eastindiacompany.shtml (3211 words)

	AllRefer.com - East India Company, British (British And Irish History) - Encyclopedia
		Although the company was soon reaping large profits from its Indian exports (chiefly textiles), it had to deal with serious difficulties both in England and in India.
		The victories (1751–60) of Robert Clive over the French made the company dominant in India, and by a treaty of 1765 it assumed control of the administration of Bengal.
		To check the exploitative practices of the company and to gain a share of revenues, the British government intervened and passed the Regulating Act (1773), by which a governor-general of Bengal (whose appointment was subject to government approval) was given charge of all the company's possessions in India.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/E/EastIndB.html (543 words)

	Dutch East India Company Summary
		The Dutch East India Company (Vereenigde Oostindische Compagnie or VOC in Dutch, literally "United East Indies Company") was established on March 20, 1602, when the Estates-General of the Netherlands granted it a 21-year monopoly to carry out colonial activities in Asia.
		The flag of the company was orange, white, blue (similar to the current Dutch flag) with the company logo embroidered on it.
		The East Indies were awarded to the Kingdom of the Netherlands by the Congress of Vienna in 1815.
	www.bookrags.com /Dutch_East_India_Company (1974 words)

	French East India Company Summary
		The French East India Company (French: La Compagnie française des Indes orientales or Compagnie française pour le commerce des Indes orientales) was a commercial enterprise, founded in 1664 to compete with the British and Dutch East India companies.
		From 1741 the French under Joseph François Dupleix pursued an aggressive policy against both the Indians and the English until they ultimately were defeated by Robert Clive.
		French West Africa (Côte d'Ivoire, Dahomey, French Sudan (Mali), Guinea, Mauritania, Niger, Senegal, Upper Volta) and French Togoland and James Island (The Gambia)
	www.bookrags.com /French_East_India_Company (836 words)

	Independence of India,History of Indian Independence,History of Independence India
		As the Portuguese Viceroy in India, Albuquerque encouraged mixed marriages with the intent of procuring fresh recruits, especially in the form of offsprings, to serve the Portuguese project in India and elsewhere.
		India was significant only insofar as it constituted part of the great Asian trade route that the Dutch had developed and that cut through Ceylon and Cape Town.
		The British East India Company was established by the Royal Charter in 1600, and in course of time, the Protestant Dutch and English would embark upon the common project of eroding Catholic Spain and Portugal’s trade monopoly in the Indian Ocean.
	voice.indiasite.com /independence.html (5294 words)

	Excite - Travel Guide - History & Culture
		Until 1715, the French East India Company was content to provide only for its own needs and those of passing ships, but then coffee was introduced, and between 1715 and 1730 it became the island's main cash crop and as a result the economy changed dramatically.
		As a result of poor management and the rivalry between France and Britain during the 18th century, as well as the collapse of the French East India Company, the government of the island passed directly to the French crown in 1764.
		As a French department, RÃ©union suffers from some of the ills affecting metropolitan France: the unemployment rate is extremely high, particularly affecting young people (39% of the population is under 20).
	www1.excite.com /travel/travelguide/history/0,20310,africa-504,00.html (1134 words)

	The East India Company - Its History and Results by Karl Marx
		At the commencement of the East India Company’s operations, under the reign of Elizabeth, the Company was permitted for the purpose of profitably carrying on its trade with India, fo export an annual value of £30,000 in silver, gold, and foreign coin.
		In 1813 the Company was unable to further withstand the pressure of general commerce, and except the monopoly of the Chinese trade, the trade to India was opened, under certain conditions, to private competition.
		The main theatre of operations in the East was India where the French and their puppets among the local princes were opposed by the British East India Company, which took advantage of the war to seize new Indian territories.
	www.marxists.org /archive/marx/works/1853/07/11.htm (3700 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for india
		India and the Clinton-Bush administrations: why friction to friendship in the aftermath of India's nuclear testing is not likely to lead to a strategic partnership.
		India's evolving economic model: a perspective on economic and financial reforms.
		India's growth path: steady but not straight; Contentious internal political debates have slowed India's movement into the global economy, but its commitment to democratic processes will serve it well in the long term.(Company overview)
	www.encyclopedia.com /searchpool.asp?target=India (660 words)

	Dutch East India Company - Wikipedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The Dutch East India Company (Vereenigde Oostindische Compagnie or VOC in Dutch, literally "United East Indies Company") was established on March 20, 1602, when the government of the Netherlands granted it a monopoly to trade with Asia.
		It is considered the first company that issued shares.
		After the fourth war between the Dutch Republic and England (1780-1784), the VOC got into financial trouble, and in 1798, the company was dissolved.
	wikipedia.findthelinks.com /vo/VOC.html (277 words)

	Robert Clive (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		In the eighteenth century the East India Company represented a chance for poor families to send their sons abroad to make a fortune and for wealthy families to send troublesome young men out of the country--where they could not further embarrass their families.
		He had used the resources of the Company to gain military advantages and to put in place local rulers who were indebted to him and/or dependent upon him for their power.
		The East India Company henceforth chose its governors based less on craftiness or military skills than on administrative ability, and the English government provided more careful oversight of the actions of the Company in India.
	www.tnstate.edu /edachowski/robert_clive.htm (1156 words)

	Trade to Colonization - Historic Dynamics, East India Companies - History, British Colonization, India, African Slave ...
		In essence, the race for the colonization of India had been won by the British, and what Abbe de Pradt was saying was that it was in French interest to enjoy the "general" benefits of this victory and not bemoan the loss of "specific" benefits from the British victory.
		French, Dutch and Danish rivals were also able to take advantage of the trade monopoly established by the British East India Company.
		The conquest of India continued with conclusive defeats of the Marathas in 1818, the Sikhs in 1848 and the annexation of Awadh in 1856.
	members.tripod.com /~INDIA_RESOURCE/eastindia.html (2559 words)

	The EastAfrican (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		French naval forces in the Indian Ocean are composed of a core group of permanently deployed units of two supply ships, FNS Var and FNS Garonne.
		The French also maintain one warship in the area, the patrol frigate FNS Floreal to which reinforcement units deployed from France are added for a period lasting from two to six months.
		However, the presence of the French naval forces in the Indian Ocean today, is aimed mainly at protecting French interests in the area and maintaining solidarity with allies, and also participate in peace-keeping and humanitarian assistance missions.
	www.nationaudio.com /News/EastAfrican/041099/Maritime/MA11.html (291 words)

	French Explorers
		He served in the French navy during the Dutch wars and defeated the combined fleets of Spain and Holland in 1676.
		In 1781 he was sent to India where he engaged the British squadron off the coasts of India and Ceylon and destroyed it.
		While he was in the service of the French East India Company Comte Bertrand-François Mahé de La Bourdonnais (1699-1753) took part in the capture of Mahé on the Malabar Coast of India.
	sio.midco.net /dansmapstamps/frenchexplorers1.htm (525 words)

	French Ancestors in India (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The French East India Company was formed in 1664, but it was so closely tied with the state that its fortunes rose and fell with the careers of ministers and turns of politics.
		Pondicherry fell and the power of the French in India was effectively ended, although a brief resurgence occurred in 1782 under Admiral de Suffren.
		The French colonies in India remained separate from British India until Independence came in 1947 and the French voluntarily ceded its former colonies to the new Indian state.
	members.ozemail.com.au /~clday/french.htm (904 words)

	Eighteenth Century India: French and English Rivalry by Neria Harish Hebbar, MD
		He was the son of the director-general of the company and had a vision of building a French Empire in India.
		Now as a prisoner of the French in Fort St. George, writer Robert Clive analyzed from the motives of Dupleix that all of India was in such political turmoil that it was the right time to attempt imperial conquest and establishment of an empire.
		He was soundly defeated by the smaller French force, a tenth of its size, with the discipline of European fighting squad.
	www.boloji.com /history/037.htm (1630 words)

	History of England, Age of Empire
		The British victory led to the withdrawal of the French East India Company.
		India was regarded as the "jewel in the crown" of the British Empire; over two thirds of the vast sub-continent was ruled by the East India Company.
		A proclamation from the Queen then ensured the Indian people that their religious practices and customs would not be interfered with, that the titles of their Indian princes would be recognized and that in the future they would be able to participate in the government of their country.
	www.britannia.com /history/naremphist8.html (1770 words)

	Tranquebar : The Danish East India Company 1616 - 1669
		Tranquebar : The Danish East India Company 1616 - 1669
		The Danish East India Company 1616 - 1669
		The company structure was a partnership modelled on the Dutch company, and, in fact, several of the Articles of the company charter were translated directly from the Dutch.
	www.scholiast.org /history/tra-narr.html (4397 words)

	Colonial Empires (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The French government believed from the start that the function of French colonies was to increase the power of the state.
		By the eighteenth century the French became the chief rivals of the English, although the struggle between the two competitors was destined to be brief.
		The leader of the French enterprise, Joseph Francois Dupleix (1697-1764), a man of extraordinary talent, was convinced that any European company dependent on the unstable Indian courts was in a precarious position.
	mars.wnec.edu /~grempel/courses/wc2/lectures/colonial.html (2240 words)

	French East India Company - Encyclopedia.com
		The star in the east: the controversy over Christian missions to India, 1805-1813.
		India's hotels open their doors to U.S. food products.
		Hugo Grotius, East India Trade and the King of Johor.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-X-FrenchEa.html (559 words)

	East Meets West
		A gate with the motto of the French Republic "Liberte Egalite Fraternite" marks the entrance to the former Etablissment de Chandernagor.
		The Danish flag that was the ensign of the colony of Serampore and the guardian of wisdom until it was replaced by the Union Jack.
		The Danish East India Company established a colony called Fredericknagore, in honor of King Frederick the Fifth near Serampore in 1699.
	members.tripod.com /~AChatterji/Newpage/East_Meets_West.htm (1669 words)

	The History Guy: Anglo-French Wars
		The British East India Company and its Indian allies battled the French East India Company and its Indian allies.
		After the outbreak of the French Revolution in 1789, the conservative, monarchical powers of Europe attempted to extinguish the new French Republic and restore the Bourbon Royal Family.
		Naples was conquered by the French in early 1799 and declared to be the new Parthenopean Republic.
	www.historyguy.com /anglo_french.html (1348 words)

	French East India Company — Infoplease.com
		East India Company, French, 1664–1769, commercial enterprise planned by Jean Baptiste Colbert and chartered by King Louis XIV for the purpose of trading in the Eastern Hemisphere.
		By 1719 the company had established itself in India but was near bankruptcy.
		Despite its apparent success, the French company had never been able to maintain itself financially, and in 1769 it was abolished.
	www.infoplease.com /ce6/history/A0816598.html (407 words)

	indiachronology
		English EIC armies defeat the combined forces of the Nawab of Awadh, the Nawab of Bengal, and the titular Mughal emperor ruling in Delhi.
		India is brought under the direct authority of the British Crown and Parliament.
		India immediately conducts tests of nuclear weapons, and Pakistan retaliates with its own nuclear tests.
	jan.ucc.nau.edu /~sj6/indiachronology.htm (962 words)

	WHKMLA : Narrative : History of the East India Company
		However, in the 17th century, the E.I.C. was outshadowed by her Dutch rival, the V.O.C. In 1639 the E.I.C. obtained a trading concession at Madras, in 1668 it acquired Bombay (Portuguese until 1661), her first footholds in India.
		In the early 18th century, the E.I.C., as well as the French East India Company gained in importance at the expense of the Dutch V.O.C. Joseph François Dupleix took Madras from the E.I.C. in 1746; it was returned by the Treaty of Aachen in 1748.
		The Battles of Plassey (1757) and of Buxar (1765) established British control of Bengal and domination of Eastern India; the French were limited to a number of tiny coastal outposts.
	www.zum.de /whkmla/region/india/narreic.html (700 words)

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