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	French Fifth Republic - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Fifth Republic is the fifth and current republican constitution of France, which was introduced on October 5, 1958.
		French presidents, as in preceding constitutions, were given a long term (7 years, now reduced to 5 years) and currently still have more internal power than most of their European counterparts in parliamentary democracies.
		The Fifth Republic, with a president with significant official functions and a great political clout, is sometimes criticized as being "monarchic".
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/French_Fifth_Republic (442 words)

	French Fifth Republic - LearnThis.Info Enclyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The Fifth Republic is the period of the fifth and current republican constitution of France, which was introduced on October 5, 1958.
		The former general Charles de Gaulle used the crisis as an opportunity to create a new French government with a stronger office of President, which before was largely that of a figurehead.
		French Presidents, as in preceding constitutions, were given a very long term (7 years, now reduced to 5 years) and currently still have more internal power than most of their European counterparts in parliamentary democracies.
	encyclopedia.learnthis.info /f/fr/french_fifth_republic.html (375 words)

	Michel Debre - Britannica Concise
		He was the principal author of the constitution of the Fifth Republic and its first premier (1959–62).
		Debré, Michel - French political leader, a close aide of President Charles de Gaulle; after playing a prominent part in the writing of the constitution of the Fifth Republic, he served as its first premier.
		Pompidou, Georges (-Jean-Raymond) - French statesman, bank director, and teacher who was premier of the Fifth French Republic from 1962 to 1968 and president from 1969 until his death.
	concise.britannica.com /ebc/article-9362382 (478 words)

	Embassy of France in the U.S. - The Gallic Rooster
		It is the symbol of the French people because of the play on words of the Latin gallus meaning Gaul and gallus meaning coq, or rooster.
		The rooster has been used as an ornament on church bell towers in France since the early Middle Ages, but at that time it was probably used to symbolize vigilance as roosters are known to crow at the expectation of the sunrise.
		Since 1848, the rooster has been seen on the seal of the Republic (Liberty is seated on a rudder decorated by a rooster); it was used from 1899 as a motif on gold 20 franc coins and it occasionally appears on stamps.
	www.info-france-usa.org /atoz/rooster.asp (238 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		In 1958, Guadeloupe voted in favor of the new Constitution of the French Fifth Republic and remained an Overseas Department of the French Republic.
		In 1958, Martinique voted in favor of the new Constitution and the French Fifth Republic and thus remained an Overseas Department of the French Republic.
		French allies from Martinique aided the Caribs in a revolt in 1795.
	www-personal.umich.edu /~myra/Caribbean.html (583 words)

	Georges Pompidou -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		French statesman, bank director, and teacher who was premier of the Fifth French Republic from 1962 to 1968 and president from 1969 until his death.
		French national cultural centre on the Rue Beaubourg and on the fringes of the historic Marais section of Paris.
		French lawyer and politician, premier (1952, 1955–56), and a prominent Gaullist during the Fifth Republic.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9060757 (678 words)

	Excerpts from the Constitution of the Fifth French Republic
		The President of the Republic may, after consultation with the Prime Minister and the Presidents of the Assemblies, declare the dissolution of the National Assembly.
		The President of the Republic shall be commander of the armed forces.
		Three of its members shall be appointed by the President of the Republic, three by the President of the National Assembly, three by the President of the Senate.
	www.uiowa.edu /~c030040/frconst.htm (1188 words)

	Demokratizatsiya: Russian Left and the French paradigm, The (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		To the above reflections on Russian and French political culture must be added the evident similarities between the mixed presidential-parliamentary consitutional structures of the Russian Federation and the Fifth French Republic as well as the ongoing efforts by both countries' political establishments to find an effective balance between statist impulses and local autonomist pressures.
		French voters faced the same dilemma during the first two decades of Charles de Gaulle's Fifth Republic (1958-78), when the French Communist Party regularly garnered some 22 percent in the first round of parliamentary elections.
		Because of the PCF's old thinking, as soon as the French electorate was offered the choice of Francois Mitterrand's new Socialist Party (PS) in the early 1970s, moderate left-wing voters threw it their support, enabling the PS to win both the presidency and a National Assembly majority in 1981.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3996/is_200301/ai_n9186707 (1130 words)

	Embassy of France in the US - France's History
		Constitution of the Fifth Republic adopted by referendum (28 September 1958).
		Constitutional amendment introduces election of the President of the Republic by direct universal suffrage (referendum of 28 October 1962).
		Jacques Chirac is re-elected President of the Republic and appoints Jean-Pierre Raffarin as Prime Minister.
	www.info-france-usa.org /atoz/history.asp (602 words)

	Spero News \| Bar Talk: French Fifth Republic gasping for breath
		It is, at the very least, a consequence of the Fifth Republic, which was itself a consequence of the other four republics, and monarchies and Empires etc. etc.
		However, the Fifth Republic was tailored specifically for President de Gaulle, and nobody has really worn it well since.
		Fifth, there must be a genuine effort, brokered by the government, to promote integration and assimilation.
	www.speroforum.com /site/article.asp?idCategory=34&idsub=127&id=2154 (3795 words)

	Notes on Cabinet instability and the Accumulation of Experience by Huber, John, and Martinez-Gallardo, Cecilia, British ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The second theme is that “the problem of instability was solved by the electoral laws and constitution of the Fifth Republic, which is widely hailed for its stable, coherent majorities”.
		On portfolio experience: the claim that the French Fourth Republic demonstrated relative personnel stability, with “particular individuals often controlling particular portfolios for a long period of time”, is not supported by the data.
		The authors calculate measures for the Fourth Republic, the Fifth Republic, and each decade of the Fifth Republic, arbitrarily setting experience to 0 at the beginning of each decade to counter for the limited duration of the Fourth Republic.
	users.ox.ac.uk /~sann2300/041119-ceg-government-policy-huber.shtml (1463 words)

	Charles de Gaulle
		He was the author of the Constitution of the Fifth French Republic, and the Fifth Republic's first president from 1958 to 1969.
		Born in Lille, De Gaulle was the son of a teacher and was educated at the École Militaire de Saint-Cyr.
		That same year, Antoine Pinay(1891-1994) was elected as Primier of France Following the Fourth Republic's failures in Indochina and the constitution crisis over Algeria, on June 1, 1958 de Gaulle was made premier and given wide emergency powers.
	faculty.ucc.edu /egh-damerow/charles_de_gaulle.htm (1112 words)

	French Community
		However, as the former French African possessions evolved their own political and economic structures, the French Community became largely defunct, although it was not formally abolished.
		French Equatorial Africa - French Equatorial Africa, former French federation in W central Africa.
		French Union - French Union, 1946–58, political entity established by the French constitution of 1946.
	www.factmonster.com /ce6/history/A0819652.html (216 words)

	Abramson et al, "Third-Party and Independent Candidates in American Politics."
		And there are great differences between the American republic that has been politically stable since 1865 and the French republic in which civilian leaders abandoned power in the face of a threatened military coup as recently as 1958.
		There have been only seven presidential elections in the Fifth Republic, and Charles de Gaulle's election in 1958 was by an electoral college of elected officials.
		In 1962, the Fifth Republic adopted direct presidential elections in a referendum approved by only 62 percent of the voters, and by only 46 percent of those registered to vote.
	www.geocities.com /CapitolHill/Lobby/2897/psabra.html (7333 words)

	Sample Chapter for Skach, C.: Borrowing Constitutional Designs: Constitutional Law in Weimar Germany and the French ...
		Writing at the beginning of the Fifth Republic, for example, Duverger was originally concerned about the democratic deficit of the new constitution.
		One of Duverger's early concerns with the constitution was that, of the five major institutions of the Fifth Republic's new governing system in 1958, only one (the National Assembly) was elected by direct universal suffrage.
		By 1980 (in English) and 1986 (in French), Duverger then moved in a more parsimonious direction and simplified his analysis by suggesting that all countries with semi-presidential constitutions would function politically, depending upon the president's relationship to the parliamentary majority, and the nature of that majority, simply like presidential or parliamentary systems of government.
	pup.princeton.edu /chapters/i8094.html (3083 words)

	France: Fifth Republic (1959-) - Presidential standards (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		In June 1944, de Gaulle was aware of the project of allied administration of France and was able to ruin it.
		The flag is a French Tricolore flag with in the middle of the white stripe the letters C G in gold, and underneath a red cross of Lorraine.
		The flag is a French Tricolore flag with in the middle of the white stripe the letters G P in gold.
	www.crwflags.com /fotw/flags/fr-fiftp.html (2008 words)

	French History Outline, the Vichy Government to the Fifth French Republic [1940-Present]
		French History Outline, the Vichy Government to the Fifth French Republic [1940-Present]
		The Provisional Government of the French Republic [1944-1947]
		Charles de Gaulle [1958-1969] (Ended Algerian War in 1962; Removed French troops from NATO in 1962; Student and workers riots throughout France in May, 1968; de Gaulle resigned in 1969)
	www.french-at-a-touch.com /French_History/history_vichy_to_the_fifth_republic_1940-1944.htm (156 words)

	The Revealer: Laïcité
		Laïcité, the French term for the separation of church and state, is a relatively new concept for a country whose history is far longer than America's.
		Many see religious discretion as a necessity of being French, an especially important element for a country preoccupied with its threatened nationalism brought on by increasing globalization and the haunting menace of americanisme.
		However, a current French study, as pointed out by Los Angeles Times staff writer Sebastian Rotella, details the rise of fundamentalism in the workplace, "ranging from proselytizing to pressure tactics to criminal activities." It is no surprise that extremism is rising in France.
	www.therevealer.org /archives/timely_002250.php (326 words)

	FACT SHEET: The Republic of Niger at a Glance (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Niger remained the exclusive province of the sultans until 1898, when the French stormed the country with all the subtlety and finesse of a sledgehammer, and added yet another name to their list of colonised countries.
		Although French efforts at pacification began before 1900, dissident ethnic groups, especially the desert Tuareg, were not subdued until 1922, when Niger became a French colony.
		After the establishment of the Fifth French Republic on December 4, 1958, Niger became an autonomous state within the French Community.
	deploymentlink.osd.mil /deploy/info/africa/niger/index.shtml (1058 words)

	French Community -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		French La Communauté, association of states created in 1958 by the constitution of the Fifth French Republic to replace the French Union (itself the successor of the former French colonial empire) in dealing with matters of foreign policy, defense, currency and economic policy, and higher education.
		association of states created in 1958 by the constitution of the Fifth French Republic to replace the French Union (itself the successor of the former French colonial empire) in dealing with matters of foreign policy, defense, currency and economic policy, and higher education.
		It replaced the French colonial empire with a semifederal entity that absorbed the colonies (overseas départements and territories) and gave former protectorates a limited local autonomy with some voice in decision making in Paris.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9035346 (850 words)

	Politics of France
		A popular referendum approved the constitution of the French Fifth Republic on September 28, 1958, greatly strengthening the authority of the presidency and the executive in relation to Parliament.
		Under the Third and Fourth[?] Republics, France had a Westminister system style of government, with an executive in effect chosen by and answerable to, parliament.
		This however was dramatically changed in the Fifth Republic.
	www.fastload.org /po/Politics_of_France.html (1607 words)

	CNN.com - France set for government shakeup - May 30, 2005
		The future of the EU is riding on the outcome of the French referendum, says CNN's Robin Oakley.
		He becomes the second French leader, after Gen. Charles de Gaulle, to lose a referendum since the founding of the French Fifth Republic in 1958.
		French newspapers reflected the impact of Sunday's defeat.
	www.cnn.com /2005/WORLD/europe/05/30/france.eu (1268 words)

	POLITICS AND SOCIETY IN FRANCE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The French have a strong sense of history and culture, and are proud of the contributions they have made to modern civilization - in politics, art, literature and philosophy.
		Students will understand the powers of the French president and the National Assembly, and be able to compare them to the American system, as well as to other democratic systems.
		This commentary might be a comparison between French attitudes or policies and American ones; it might be a critique; it might raise questions about the issue reported in the article.
	www.unf.edu /~dschwam/frapol-syl-f05.htm (1129 words)

	ID REVIEW
		Ems Telegram-The carefully edited dispatch by Bismarck to the French ambassador Benedetti that appeared to be insulting and thus requiring retaliation by France for the seeming affront to French honor.
		The term is most often used in reference to the meeting between Hitler and British prime minister Chamberlain in Munich, where agreement was made, in September 1938, to cede the Sudetenland (the German-speaking area of Czechoslovakia) to Germany.
		The First Republic lasted from 1793 to 1804; the Second, from 1848 to 1852; the Third from 1875 to 1945; and the Fourth, from 1946 to 1958.
	www.zcs.k12.in.us /zchs/caldwrevolut.htm (5183 words)

	Skach, C.: Borrowing Constitutional Designs: Constitutional Law in Weimar Germany and the French Fifth Republic.
		Rather, it was semi-presidentialism--a rare model known more generally as the "French type." This constitutional model melded elements of pure presidentialism with those of pure parliamentarism.
		Drawing on rich case studies of two of the most important countries for European politics in the twentieth century--Weimar Germany and the French Fifth Republic--Cindy Skach offers the first theoretically focused, and historically grounded, analysis of semi-presidentialism and democracy.
		"Cindy Skach's book on Weimar Germany and the French Fifth Republic is a treasure trove of insights not only about the politics of these two countries, but also about the more general significance of constitutional design for the effective functioning of a political system.
	www.pupress.princeton.edu /titles/8094.html (578 words)

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