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	Flanders - LoveToKnow 1911 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		East Flanders lies east and north-east of the western province, and extends northwards to the neighbourhood of Antwerp.
		John of Avesnes, her eldest son, strongly protested against this and was supported by the French king, A civil war ensued, which ended in a compromise (1246), the succession to Flanders being granted to William of Dampierre, that of Hainaut to John of Avesnes.
		In his time the long contest between Flanders and Holland for the possession of the island of Zeeland was brought to an end by a treaty signed on the 6th of March 1323, by which West Zeeland was assigned to the count of Holland, the rest to the count of Flanders.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Flanders (3125 words)

	Flanders
		Flanders is an unpicturesque lowland, whose level is scarcely above that of the sea, which accounts for the fact that a great part of it was for a long time flooded at high water.
		Flanders then received a French governor, but the tyranny of the French soon brought about an insurrection, in the course of which some 3000 French were slaughtered in Bruges, and at the call of the two patriots, de Coninck and Breydel, the whole country rose in arms.
		Philip sent into Flanders a powerful army, which met with a crushing defeat at Courtrai (1302); after another battle, which remained undecided, the King of France resorted to diplomacy, but in vain, and peace was restored only in 1320, after Pope John XXII had induced the Flemings to accept it.
	www.catholicity.com /encyclopedia/f/flanders.html (2226 words)

	Flemish people - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		French Flanders and Zeeuws-Vlaanderen are former parts of the countship of Flanders, which gave its name to the whole, although a small majority of Belgian Flanders was in other principalities, the major one being the Duchy of Brabant.
		The official language of Flanders is Dutch (at the Belgian -federal- level at par with French, and to a lesser extent German; the linguistic legislation is complex and politically extremely sensitive).
		The official flag of Flanders is yellow with a fl lion outlined in white and with red claws and tongue.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Flemish_people (1592 words)

	Flanders - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		At this time, for most, the term Flanders is normally taken to refer to either the political, social, cultural and linguistic community (and the corresponding official institution, the Flemish Community), or the geographical area, one of the three regions in Belgium, namely the Flemish region.
		French is widely known in Flanders, with 59% claiming to know French according to a survey conducted by the Universite Catholique de Louvain in Louvain-La-Neuve and published in June 2006.
		Flanders was one of the first continental European areas to undergo the Industrial Revolution, in the early 1800s.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Flanders (4028 words)

	Flanders. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		It is divided among East Flanders and West Flanders provs., Belgium; Nord and Pas-de-Calais depts., France; and (to a small extent) Zeeland prov., the Netherlands.
		Their prosperity and the prosperity of Flanders as a whole depended on the growing cloth industry, which had been introduced in the 10th cent., and on the transit trade at such major ports as Bruges (later superseded by Antwerp) and Ghent.
		Flanders joined (1576) in the revolt of the Netherlands against Philip II of Spain, but by 1584 the Spanish under Alessandro Farnese had recovered the county.
	www.bartleby.com /65/fl/FlanderBe.html (1034 words)

	Flanders (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Flanders (Dutch : Vlaanderen French : Flandre or Flandres) is the northern part of Belgium covering 13 522 km² and containing six million of the country's 10.3 million Its capital is Brussels a city the Flemings share with French-speaking Belgians.
		Ghent was the historic capital of the of Flanders; Bruges was the dominant city in the Ages (14th century).
		Flanders is also used as a metonym for both the Flemish people the Flemings being the Dutch -speaking community in Belgium and for the institutions of Flanders.
	www.freeglossary.com /Flanders (2117 words)

	Nord-Pas-de-Calais,Pas-de-Calais,Departement 15 Pas-de-Calais France,sur the Strait the Dover (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The medieval principality of French Flanders, in what used to be the southwestern part of the low countries, is now the département of Nord.
		In the 1st century BC, Flanders was inhabited by the Celts.
		In 862, the administrator of the pagus, Baldwin I [Iron-Arm], married the daughter of the Western Frankish king, Charles II [the Bald] and was appointed Count of Flanders.
	www.french-at-a-touch.com /French_Regions/Nord_Pas_de_Calais/nord-pas-de-calais_15.htm (1461 words)

	Flanders
		A flat open region that rises significantly inland with undulating sandy hillocks, Flanders is bordered by the North Sea to the North, by the Aa and Lys rivers to the West, by the mouths of the Escaut river to the East and finally, by the Scarpe to the North.
		Towards the XXI century, the opening-up of Europe was an incessant reminder to the Flanders region of its former economic vocation, and the motorway, rail and river communication routes restored it to its original place at the heart of European trade.
		Flanders is one of the regions in France to contain the highest number of chapels.
	www.brasserie-st-sylvestre.com /Pages/anglais/hflandre.html (887 words)

	Encyclopedia :: encyclopedia : Flanders (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		In the past, the term Flanders was applied to an area in western Europe, the County of Flanders, spread over:
		At this time, for most, the term Flanders is normally taken to refer to either the political, social, cultural and linguistic community (and the corresponding official institution, the Flemish Community), either the geographical area, one of the three regions in Belgium, namely the Flemish Region.
		Flanders saw some of the greatest losses of life of the First World War including the battles of Ypres and the Somme.
	www.hallencyclopedia.com /Flanders (2633 words)

	Flanders, Brittany, Burgundy, Anjou, Normandy, Blois, Champagne, Toulouse, etc.
		Flanders was one of the most prosperous places in Europe, giving the Duke a major source of revenue, and the Free County gave him a foothold in the Empire and in the old Kingdom of Burgundy.
		Hugh I is of the House of Châtillon, and is a relative of Reynald of Châtillon, Prince of Antioch.
		Bavaria, allied with the French, was lost to the Elector Maximilian II for the rest of the war.
	www.friesian.com /flanders.htm (10740 words)

	The Ultimate Flanders Dog Breeds Information Guide and Reference
		For some, including many French-speakers and certain foreigners, the term Flanders (French: Flandre or Flandres) is normally taken to refer to a geographical area, one of the three regions in Belgium; the precise geographical area denominated by this word has changed a great deal over the centuries.
		For many others, including the vast majority of the Fleming, Flanders is the name of their community -some call it a nation- a people of over 6 million living in the Flemish Region, and in the Brussels Region (where they form a minority).
		Due to these events, Flanders and Brabant (part of present-day Flanders) went into a relative decline in the 17th century, but they managed to retain their wealth and prominent world position up until the present (today Flanders is one of the most productive and wealthiest regions of the world).
	www.dogluvers.com /dog_breeds/Flanders (1512 words)

	flandersonline.org - Financial transfers from Flanders to French-speaking part of Belgium still on the rise
		Through several mechanisms in the field of tax redistributions, social security and health care, a substantial part of Flanders' regional income is transferred to Wallonia, while Walloon politicians keep refusing any debate on the issue, arguing that these financial transfers are necessary to back Wallonia's crippled economy.
		An updated inquiry into the size of financial transfers, flowing from Flanders to Wallonia and Brussels as a result of public spending, indicates that these transfers amounted to 6.6 billion EUR or 4.2 % of the Flemish regional income in 2003, coming to an increase of approximately 1 billion EUR compared to the year 2000.
		From the early 20th century onwards, French became the dominant language in Brussels as a result of Francophone (Walloon) immigration and enforced gallicization by means of social pressure.
	www.flandersonline.org /news/120/387 (389 words)

	A Concise Description of Flanders: History
		In fact, the first French Kings were the descendants of the Flemish ("Frankish") Kings, and during several generations the royal oath of the Kings of France was pronounced in the Flemish/Frankish language, before switching to Gallo-Roman.
		French history typically starts with the Flemish Kings Childerik and his son Clovis, skillfully hiding the Flemish origin of the French Kingdom.
		Later, the French King tried to regain his power from Flanders, but was beaten with his knights at Kortrijk (Courtrai) in 1302.
	noosphere.cc /flandersHistory.html (2719 words)

	Freer Family Genealogy Research - History of Flemish
		Flanders (French Flandre; Flemish Vlaanderen), historic principality of northern Europe that is now an extensive region embracing the provinces of East and West Flanders in Belgium, the southern portion of Zeeland Province in the Nethe rlands, and Nord Department in France.
		Flanders was inhabited by Celts in the 1st century BC and conquered by Germanic tribes in the next several hundred years, finally becoming a part of the empire established by Charlemagne in the 9th century AD.
		In 1815 the Congress of Vienna united Flanders with Be lgium and Holland to form the Kingdom of the Netherlands.
	home.cc.umanitoba.ca /~sfreer/flemish.html (839 words)

	Flanders, French - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		FLANDERS, FRENCH [Flanders, French] region of N France, on the North Sea and along the Belgian border.
		It was incorporated into France in 1678 by Louis XIV and was a province until the French Revolution.
		Political racism in Flanders and the Netherlands: explaining differences in the electoral success of extreme right-wing parties.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/F/FlanderF1r.asp (271 words)

	In Flanders' Fields (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		That is Flanders’ other historic misfortune: in 1830 French revolutionaries, intent on annexing it to France, occupied Flanders and detached it from the Netherlands.
		The French authorities, mistrusting Albert, were opposed to the King meeting the Spaniard, but Albert and Villalobar were able to arrange a secret nightly meeting in December 1916.
		The French President Poincarª, who met the King on 9 November, wrote in his diary that Albert was “saddened by the news of the armistice, which, he says, robs him of his victory.”
	www.canadafreepress.com /2005/brussels111105.htm (2525 words)

	Hondschoote, French Flanders
		It was one of the largest towns in Flanders, and its wealth showed in public buildings like the fine big church.
		Defending the new French republic from invasion in 1793.
		The foreign invaders were beaten by a French volunteer army in a fierce patriotic battle near Hondeschoote, where the windmill was a look-out post and first-aid station.
	www.theotherside.co.uk /tm-heritage/towns/hondschoote.htm (406 words)

	Batailles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Briefly, the French Monarchy was confronted with the Spanish monarchy for the dominion of the Kingdom of Napoli and the Duchy of Lombardia.
		The reign of Philip IV was characterised by the war in Flanders once more, the support of the Catholics League during the Thirty Years War, the repeated crisis in Italy, the war with France from 1635 and the uprising in Catalonia, Portugal and in the kingdom of Naples.
		In the fisrt part of the war, the French took the offensive and won several terrestrial battles, at sea the defeat of the Hougue in 1692 gave the superiority to the Anglo-Dutch navy.
	www.geocities.com /ao1617/Battle.html (5853 words)

	Flanders: History
		Their prosperity and the prosperity of Flanders as a whole depended on the growing cloth industry, which had been introduced in the 10th cent., and on the transit trade at such major ports as Bruges (later superseded by
		Flanders was weakened by the departure of its count, Baldwin IX, on the Fourth Crusade, during which he was proclaimed (1204) emperor of
		of Burgundy, succeeded to Flanders on Louis's death (1384) and in 1385 subdued Ghent.
	www.factmonster.com /ce6/world/A0858147.html (896 words)

	Nord-Pas-de-Calais Departement Information (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The Département of Nord is the northeastern most of all the French départements.
		It was created, in 1790, from the provinces of French Flanders [Flandre] and Hainaut plus the district of Cambrai.
		It was coal, from this area, that created economic might for Flanders in the early 19th century.
	www.french-at-a-touch.com /French_Regions/Nord_Pas_de_Calais/nord-pas-de-calais_departement_information.htm (799 words)

	H-France Reviews
		He shows that despite the absence of French censorship, the local press was overwhelmingly French-language and that Flemish publications were not destined for a mass audience.
		Similarly, Baycroft appears to be repeating French Flemish claims that the Westhoek was unique in being administered as German provinces during the Second World War, a situation shared by the Alsatians despite other differences in their experiences.
		The Society for French Historical Studies permits the electronic distribution for nonprofit educational purposes, provided that full and accurate credit is given to the author, the date of publication, and its location on the H-France website.
	www.h-france.net /vol5reviews/harp4.html (2161 words)

	French Flanders
		Because of its proximity to the border, Poperinge is the gateway to French Flanders, which was once a part of the splendour of the county of Flanders.
		This area in France is bounded by the Leie, the Aa, the North Sea and the province of West Flanders.
		The Tourist Office organises group excursions to French Flanders and to the Northern French departments of Nord and Pas-de-Calais.
	www.poperinge.be /UK/data/french_flanders.htm (129 words)

	Biere de Garde - The Best Kept Secret of French Flanders - Beer and Brewing
		The Northern region of France, known as Nord Pas-de-Calais, is characterized by a rich landscape of rolling hills, green meadows, polders, lush forests and quaint villages.
		As is the custom of French Flanders, beer is the traditional drink, a love that displays the style and finesse of the people, along with their dedication to artisanal tradition.
		This is the center of bieres de garde, or beers for keeping, the ales that were brewed to last throughout the summer months.
	www.bellaonline.com /articles/art30309.asp (661 words)

	Flemish Questions:French Flanders (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		This region in the North of France, roughly speaking situated in the departement of Nord-Pas de Calais, became part of France by the Peace of the Pyrenees in1659, but originally belonged to Flanders.
		In 1853, French became the language of education.
		The closer economical collaboration over the borders is responible for this, and as a consequence, it's already possible to use Dutch in some hospitals in French Flanders.
	home.online.no /~vlaenen/flemish_questions/quste10.html (238 words)

	French Flanders
		French Flanders, Southern Flanders, Maritime Flanders etc. all are names used to indicate, describe an area with no fixed borders.
		Thus talking about 'French Flanders' is talking about something pretty vague.
		Remnants of Dutch culture and language yet can be found in the outmost northeastern part of France: around the towns of Dunkirk, St. Omer and Hazebrouck.This is roughly the area bordered by the Northsea and the rivers Leie and A, called 'de Westhoek'.
	www.rabbel.info /fflanders.html (527 words)

	French Flanders
		98,179), Nord dept., N France, in French Flanders.
		94,424), Nord dept., N France, in French Flanders.
		44,195), Nord dept., N France, in French Flanders, on the Scarpe River.
	www.factmonster.com /ce6/world/A0818867.html (134 words)

	AllRefer.com - Flanders, French, France (French Political Geography) - Encyclopedia
		You are here : AllRefer.com > Reference > Encyclopedia > French Political Geography > Flanders, French
		Flanders, French, region of N France, on the North Sea and along the Belgian border.
		More articles from AllRefer Reference on Flanders, French
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/F/FlanderFr.html (202 words)

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