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Topic: French Frigate Shoals

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	French Frigate Shoals - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The French Frigate Shoals (Hawaiian: Mokupāpapa) is the largest atoll in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands.
		In 1894, French Frigate Shoals, Kure Atoll, Midway Atoll, and Pearl and Hermes Reef were leased for 25 years by the Republic of Hawaii to the North Pacific Phosphate and Fertilizer Company; however, guano and phosphate deposits at French Frigate Shoals were found to be impractical to mine.
		French Frigate Shoals was included among the islands acquired by the United States on July 7, 1898, when Hawaii became a Territory.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/French_Frigate_Shoals (757 words)

	About French Frigate Shoals
		French Frigate Shoals is an open atoll consisting of a large, crescent-shaped reef surrounding numerous small, sandy islets.
		While the land area is only ¼ square kilometer (67 acres), the total coral reef area of the shoals is over 938 square kilometers (232,000 acres).
		The reef system associated with French Frigate Shoals supports the greatest variety of coral species in the NWHI with forty one species of stony corals documented.
	hawaiireef.noaa.gov /about/ffs.html (487 words)

	French Frigate Shoals
		French Frigate Shoals are the remains of what was probably a rather large island a million or so years ago.
		French Frigate Shoals is a natural marine environment for a number of species of birds and sea life.
		A helicopter from a New Zealand frigate rescued the Coast Guardsmen from the roof of the transmitter building during the height of the storm.
	www.radiojerry.com /frigate (4126 words)

	French Frigate Shoals
		The French Frigate Shoals were not used by the Japanese Fleet for the attack on Pearl Harbor.
		Having come into classified U.S.Navy Information with the fall of Wake Island on 23 December 1941, the Japanese decided to utilize the atoll for seaplane refueling and rendezvous, as it was unoccupied by the Americans at the time.
		Refueling of two Kawanishi H8K flying boats took place at the French Frigate Shoals during the night of 3 March 1942 before their Raid on Oahu.
	www.pacificwrecks.com /provinces/hawaii_shoals.html (350 words)

	NCCOS - Center for Coastal Monitoring and Assessment - Remote Sensing (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Approximately 1500 km ESE of Midway Atoll and 700 km WNW of Kaua'i lies French Frigate Shoals at longitude 166 degrees 10 minutes W and latitude 23 degrees 45 minutes N. French Frigate Shoals was formed approximately 13.8 million years ago as the Pacific Plate crossed over a "hotspot" in the earth's mantle.
		French Frigate Shoals appears to be the remnant portion of an approximately 27 km-long crescent-shaped atoll.
		French Frigate Shoals is the most important breeding and nesting area for the Hawaiian green sea turtle in the entire Hawaiian archipelago.
	ccmaserver.nos.noaa.gov /rsd/french_frigate.html (733 words)

	French Frigate Shoals - Island Profiles - Voyage to Kure (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		French Frigate Shoals is an atoll consisting of a large, crescent-shaped reef surrounding numerous small, sandy islets.
		While the land area is only square kilometer (67 acres), the total coral reef area of the shoals is over 938 square kilometers (232,000 acres).
		The many small islets of French Frigate Shoals provide refuge to the largest population of endangered Hawaiian monk seals.
	www.oceanfutures.org /kure/islands/frigate_shoals.asp (372 words)

	The Return of Kauila - National Wildlife Magazine
		Known collectively as French Frigate Shoals, these islands are the remains of an ancient volcano that sank over time, leaving a series of sand spits and a basalt pinnacle around which a crescent-shaped barrier reef has formed.
		French Frigate Shoals is also an important habitat for endangered monk seals and seabirds.
		In the 1960s, state and federal wildlife officials began year-round patrols at French Frigate Shoals (which is part of the Hawaiian Islands National Wildlife Refuge), ending the hunting of turtles at their nesting beaches.
	www.nwf.org /nationalwildlife/article.cfm?articleId=214&issueId=24 (2849 words)

	Student Connection Cruise 98-12 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		During this cruise, the CROMWELL was involved with surveying the coral reefs surrounding French Frigate Shoals and retrieving any derelict fish and cargo nets entangled upon the coral.
		When we arrived at French Frigate Shoals on Oct. 30, the KUKUI and her crew had been on station for a number of days and already had 2 tons of net aboard!
		On November 6, 1998, the KUKUI left French Frigate Shoals for Honolulu with 6 tons of recovered net on her decks.
	atsea.nmfs.hawaii.edu /cr9812.htm (575 words)

	The Other Hawai'i
		Green sea turtle nesting at French Frigate Shoals has climbed more or less steadily ever since the harvesting of turtles was banned in the main Hawaiian Islands in the 1970s after they were listed as a threatened species.
		Scientists on French Frigate Shoals told Hokule'a crew members that early indications suggest that 2004 will be another year with high nesting numbers.
		French Frigate Shoals remains one of the towering mysteries: Why, when there are hundreds of apparently perfect turtle nesting beaches, does the vast majority of Hawaiian turtles swim sometimes hundreds of miles to drop their eggs into depressions on the small coral sand islands of French Frigate Shoals?
	the.honoluluadvertiser.com /hokulea/stories/061904 (622 words)

	NWHI: About: French Frigate Shoals
		The name came from two French frigate ships that narrowly averted running aground on the reef in 1786.
		The genus is most diverse and abundant at French Frigate Shoals, and secondly at Maro Reef.
		The runway was originally constructed in 1942, and dramatically increased the size of the island.
	www.hawaiianatolls.org /about/ffs.php (1033 words)

	[No title]
		The northwestern Hawaiian islands consist of all islands, atolls, reefs and shoals in the Hawaiian Archipelago.
		All islands, atolls, reefs and shoals in the Hawaiian Archipelago, except for the Midway Islands, are included in the State of Hawaii under the Admission Act, the State Constitution, and the Hawaii Revised Statutes, and are a part of this development plan.
		Nine larger islands, or island groups, are: Nihoa, Necker Island, French Frigate Shoals, Gardner Pinnacles, Maro Reef, Laysan Island, Lisianski Island, Pearl and Hermes Atoll, and Kure Atoll.
	www.co.honolulu.hi.us /Refs/ROH/s/24app_nwh.doc (726 words)

	Tern Island: History
		Although there are no records in historic Hawaiian lore, the earliest visitors to French Frigate Shoals probably came from the nearby Hawaiian Islands to the east which are known to have been settled by Polynesians between 1100 and 1300 AD.
		The French explorer Jean Francois de Galaup, Comte de la Perouse, aboard his frigate, the Broussole, accompanied by the Astrolabe, was sailing westward on a tranquil sea from Monterey to Macao.
		The Fenimore Cooper visited French Frigate Shoals from 3 to 7 January 1859; Brooke took depth soundings and charted the various islets for the first time.
	www.wfu.edu /albatross/deutsch/hawaii/history.htm (1373 words)

	FRENCH FRIGATE SHOALS
		French Frigate Shoals is an atoll, the rim of the remains of an ancient volcano.
		During WWII, I am told, a Japanese submarine was stationed at French Frigate Shoals to observe, and to refuel seaplanes.
		There are many stories about French Frigate, and most deal with how the crew was, shall we say, a little off center.
	www.jacksjoint.com /french_frigate_shoals.htm (966 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The Frech Frigate Shoals is an important reef, located 1200 kilometers north-west of Hawaii, to which it belongs.
		The French Frigate Shoals were annexed by the King of Hawaii in 1856, and sold the reefs in 1861 to the British Guano In 1859 a British Scientific Expedition under the leadership of Dr.H.Broox stood about 4 month on the reefs to collect stones and drawing the first publiced maps.
		The French Frigate Shoals are a resicted area under the owenership of the Hawaii'an Fish and Wildlife Service.
	www.425dxn.org /dc3mf/ffs.html (690 words)

	Monachus schauinslandi, Hawaiian Monk Seal at MarineBio.org
		At French Frigate Shoals, undernourished pups and smaller nursing females is evidence that the availability of prey may have declined.
		It is thought that lobsters are a primary prey for juvenile and female Hawaiian monk seals at French Frigate Shoals, therefore there is concern commercial lobster fishing in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands that began in the 1980s may be negatively impacting recovery of this population.
		Pups are particularly vulnerable; it is estimated that up to 27% of the pups born at French Frigate Shoals in 1999 may have died due to shark predation.
	www.marinebio.com /species.asp?id=303 (1900 words)

	Studying Turtles in the French Frigate Shoals --The Earth Institute at Columbia University (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The project has taken me to French Frigate Shoals, a coral atoll approximately 560 miles northwest of Honolulu, where I am taking small tissue samples of the tumors from nesting female sea turtles.
		In 1973, he traveled out to French Frigate Shoals, where more than 90 percent of Hawaiian green sea turtles nest, and found only 67 females laying eggs on East Island — not exactly a burgeoning population.
		He began a campaign to protect and study the "honu," as the green sea turtle is known in Hawaiian, and largely as a result of his efforts and the Endangered Species Act, the species is now protected in waters around Hawaii.
	www.earthinstitute.columbia.edu /news/2005/report1_turtles05.html (624 words)

	Abandoned & Little-Known Airfields: Western Pacific Islands
		French Frigate Shoals NAF - Johnston Atoll Airport
		The French Frigate Shoals consist of a crescent-shaped atoll of small islands, 18 miles in diameter.
		French Frigate Shoals Airfield, as depicted on the 1963 Pacific Enroute Chart (courtesy of John Voss).
	www.airfields-freeman.com /HI/Airfields_W_Pacific.htm (2607 words)

	French Frigate Shoals Aviation and Space History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Although documentation has not yet been located on the internet, this author believes that a certain number of patrols originated from French Frigate to protect Hawaii from further sneak attacks such as the infamous one on Pearl Harbor.
		The establishment of a 3300 ft runway 400 miles from the next closest airfield changed the course of the future for the Shoals.
		The trip to French Frigate Shoals was part of an accelerated effort to set up scout patrol bases in the Pacific to counter Japanese expansion.
	www.letarc.net /ffsavion (1171 words)

	NOAA Ocean Explorer: Northwestern Hawaiian Islands
		The French Frigate Shoals, located at about the midpoint in the NWHI chain, supports a wide range of habitats that include coral reef atolls as well as basalt rock habitats.
		With almost 200 sq mi of coral reefs, the French Frigate Shoals encompass the largest coral reef area in Hawai’i, and this very special region is home to the largest proportion of endangered Hawaiian monk seals in the NWHI (Maragos and Gulko, 2002).
		The small islets of the French Frigate Shoals are also critical nesting grounds for more than 90% of all green sea turtles found in Hawai’i, as well as hundreds of thousands of Sooty Terns and other seabirds (Maragos and Gulko, 2002).
	oceanexplorer.noaa.gov /explorations/islands01/islands01.htmlhttp://www.oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/explorations/02hawaii/logs/oct28/oct28.html (915 words)

	France HQ : History Of French (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Explains the history and significance of Cinco De Mayo, which commemorates thedefeat of the French army by the Mexicans at The Battle Of Puebla in 1862.
		History of the French Protestants who were members of the Reformed Church whichwas established in 1550 by John Calvin.
		History of the Catholic Church from the Renaissance to the French...
	francehq.com /historyoffrench/index.php (809 words)

	Reunion Hall - LORSTA French Frigate Shoals
		My time at French Frigate Shoals was an experience of a life time and one I will take with me to my grave with fond memories.
		I was the cook at French Frigate from June 1953 to Dec 53.
		Was stationed on French Frigate from around Jan of '75 to Jan of '76.
	www.fredsplace.org /reunion/d14/0170.shtml (3008 words)

	French Frigate Shoals Today
		We have a daughter (graduate student in marine geophysics) currently sailing around the shoals on a research cruise.
		(On the original French Frigate Shoals web page, this is the antenna that hooked an albatross.) In this photo pair, you see another old photo of the antenna along with one taken by Mr.
		French Frigate is reasonably well represented in the Flightsim including the locations of many of the smaller islets.
	www.radiojerry.com /ffstoday (1270 words)

	Algalita Marine Research Foundation
		Plankton are the small plants and animals that serve as the basic food for all marine life directly or as part of the food chain.
		Although USFWS kept meticulous records of the types and quantities of the tons of debris that washed up on shore, and an academic paper was published on the results, they were not able to identify the sources other than to attribute plastic debris in general, which was 70% of the total, to maritime industries.
		With his knowledge of the origins of marine flotsam, AMRF hopes to obtain information which will help them in their effort to reduce the inputs of non-biodegradable plastics, which are fouling our beaches and poisoning wildlife, and possibly us.
	www.algalita.org /research_ffs.html (629 words)

	Pacific Islands - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		These include the Marianas, Guam, Wake Island, Palau, the Marshall Islands, Kiribati, Nauru, and the Federated States of Micronesia.
		These include New Zealand, the Hawaiian Islands, the Midway Islands, Samoa, American Samoa, Tonga, Tuvalu, the Cook Islands, French Polynesia, and Easter Island.
		There are also many other islands located within the boundaries of the Pacific Ocean, but these are not considered part of Oceania.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pacific_Islands (530 words)

	Expedition Log 4 - July 9, 2003 - Voyage to Kure (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		From Ed Cassano, Vice President of Exploration: "We moved into sight of French Frigate Shoals at dawn, still 15 miles south of the perimeter.
		We learned from the field biologists stationed at French Frigate Shoals that virtually all Tiger Shark attacks on albatrosses at East Island happen a couple of hours after sunrise.
		All 18 species of sea birds that nest within the NWHI are found here at French Frigate Shoals.
	www.oceanfutures.org /kure/logs/log_07_09_4.asp (1073 words)

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