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Topic: French Overseas Communities

	French and Indian War - MSN Encarta
		French and Indian War (1754-1763), the last of four North American wars waged from 1689 to 1763 between the British and the French.
		The French and Indian War was part of a 'great war for empire,' a determined and eventually successful attempt by the British to attain a dominant position in North America, the West Indies, and the subcontinent of India.
		The French and Indian War not only stripped France of its North American empire, it also caused Britain to change its relationship to its colonies, a change that eventually led to the American Revolution.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761575603/French_and_Indian_War.html (1245 words)

	French language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		French (français) is the third-largest of the Romance languages in terms of number of native speakers, after Spanish and Portuguese, being spoken by about 120 million people as a mother tongue or fluently, and by another 150 million people learning or using it.
		French has been the sole official language of Quebec since 1974, and then enacted again in 1977 with the adoption of the Charter of the French Language (which is popularly referred to as Bill 101).
		French is written using the 26 letters of the Latin alphabet, plus five diacritics (the circumflex accent, acute accent, grave accent, diaeresis, and cedilla) and the two ligatures (œ) and (æ).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/French_language (3166 words)

	Francophone - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Geopolitically, it is used to refer to a person that speaks French as a first language or who self-identifies with this language group.
		The Francophone culture beyond Europe is the legacy of the French colonial empire.
		Francophone countries include France, Belgium, Canada, Switzerland, Haiti and the French West Indies, and several countries in Africa that are former French colonies.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Francophone (163 words)

	Staying in the French DOM, TOM, CTOM or in New Caledonia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The French overseas departments or DOM are Guadeloupe, Martinique, Guyane and the Réunion.
		The French overseas territories or TOM are : French Poynesia, Wallis and Futuna and the French Austral and Antarctic lands.
		The French territorial overseas communities or CTOM are Mayotte and Saint-Pierre et Miquelon.
	www.consulfrance-toronto.org /article-imprim.php3?id_article=399 (97 words)

	French Guiana - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		French Guiana, as part of France, is part of the European Union, the largest part in area outside Europe and the only significant part outside Europe that is not an island (other than the Spanish enclaves in Morocco, Ceuta and Melilla).
		French Guiana consists of two main geographical regions: a coastal strip where the majority of the people live, and dense, near-inaccessible rainforest which gradually rises to the modest peaks of the Tumac-Humac mountains along the Brazilian frontier.
		The main Asian communities are the Hmong from Laos (1.5%) and Chinese (3.2%, primarily from Hong Kong and Zhejiang province).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/French_Guiana (1227 words)

	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: French language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The earliest extant text in French is the Oaths of Strasbourg from 842; Old French became a literary language with the chansons de geste that told tales of the paladins of Charlemagne and the heroes of the Crusades.
		French has been the only official language of Quebec since 1974, although it is commonly (and incorrectly) believed that the designation of French as the sole official language occurred in 1977 with the adoption of the Charter of the French Language (which is popularly referred to as Bill 101).
		From the 17th to the 19th centuries, French was the lingua franca of educated Europe, especially with regards to the arts and literature, and monarchs such as Frederick II of Prussia and Catherine the Great of Russia could both speak and write in French.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/French-language (1832 words)

	The Ultimate French language - American History Information Guide and Reference
		The earliest extant text in French is the Oath of Strasbourg from 842; Old French became a literary language with the chansons de geste that told tales of the paladins of Charlemagne and the heroes of the Crusades.
		From the 17th to the 19th centuries, French was the lingua franca of educated Europe, especially with regards to the arts and literature, and monarchs such as Frederick II of Prussia and Catherine the Great of Russia could both speak and write in French.
		French is an official language of New Brunswick, the Yukon Territory, the Northwest Territories, and Nunavut.
	www.historymania.com /american_history/French_language (3486 words)

	Shedding Light on Lebanon
		The French understandably chose to rule through their historic allies, the Maronites, and the Maronites too often chose to run the government as if the other communities were their inferiors.
		The Christians, who had been the largest community when the last census was taken, in 1932, were to enjoy a six-to--five majority in the distribution of parliamentary seats and to hold the presidency.
		A fourth is the importance of community leaders, whose standing may derive from membership in one of the ancient feudal families, or from control of a political organization, or from religious charisma, or—increasingly in recent years—from command of an armed force.
	www.theatlantic.com /doc/198404/lebanon/4 (1496 words)

	Overseas Chinese: Facts and details from Encyclopedia Topic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The burmese chinese are a group of overseas chinese born in myanmar....
		Chinese filipino is an overseas chinese in the philippines....
		British chinese (or, alternatively, chinese british) are overseas chinese born or naturalised in the united kingdom....
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/o/ov/overseas_chinese.htm (2714 words)

	Embassy of France in the U.S. - Overseas France
		From the erstwhile French "possessions" to the present-day departments (DOM), territories (TOM) and territorial collectivities (an intermediate status between DOM and TOM), the history of the Republic's links with overseas France is one of continuing change.
		In allowing the overseas departments and territories to choose their own individual roads to development, the French Republic is responding to the aspiration of her overseas populations to be responsible for themselves, giving them the means not just to play a part in their own destiny but actively to shape it.
		Guadeloupe proper is the largest island in the French West Indies with an area of 1,438 square km and a population of 422,500.
	www.info-france-usa.org /atoz/overseas.asp (2088 words)

	Columbia College Bulletin
		In W1101 and W1102 the communicative approach is the main method of instruction.
		In French W3333 and W3334 the whole span of French literature is surveyed and students learn techniques for analyzing literature of different centuries, styles, and genres.
		After completion of these core courses, French majors are encouraged to follow their individual interests, and a wide range of language, literature, and cultural studies courses is available to them.
	www.college.columbia.edu /students/academics/depts/french.php (770 words)

	French Resource Center - french maid
		For the history of the French language, the most important of these groups are the Franks in northern France, the Alemanni in the German/French french language border, the Burgundians in the Rhone valley and the Visigoths in the Aquitaine region french and indian war and Spain.
		The earliest extant text in French is the Oaths of Strasbourg from 842; Old French became a literary language with the chansons de geste that told tales french beach women of the paladins of Charlemagne and the heroes of the Crusades.
		French is an official language of New Brunswick, the Yukon Territory, the Northwest Territories, and Nunavut.
	www.taxgloss.com /Tax-Banks_Cl_-_G-/French.html (3588 words)

	FRENCH LANGUAGE FACTS AND INFORMATION (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		French (French: ''français'') is the third largest of the Romance languages in terms of number of native speakers, after Spanish and Portuguese, being spoken by about 87 million people as a mother tongue, and altogether by some 190 million people, which includes second-language speakers who use French for daily communication.
		French is also an official or administrative language in various communities and organisations (such as the European Union, IOC, United Nations and Universal Postal Union).
		Following a period of unification, regulation and purification, the French of the 17th to the 18th centuries is sometimes referred to as Classical French (''français classique''), although many linguists simply refer to French language from the 17th century to today as Modern French (''français moderne'').
	www.witwib.com /French_language (3590 words)

	French and Indian War
		The first began with the French capture of Washington and his troops at Fort Necessity in 1754 and lasted until 1756, when war was formally declared.
		British forces seized French Senegal in West Africa, the French sugar islands of Martinique and Guadeloupe, and the Spanish colonies of Cuba and the Philippine Islands.
		The French and Indian War had reduced the once-impressive French empire in North America to a handful of sugar plantations in the West Indies and two rocky islands off the coast of Newfoundland.
	www.angelfire.com /realm/shades/nativeamericans/frenchindwar.htm (3349 words)

	French Polynesia
		French Polynesia (245,405 inhabitants in 2002) is an "overseas country within the French Republic" (Pays d'Outre-Mer au sein de la République), according to the most recent organic law 2004-192 of 27 February 2004 on the autonomy status of French Polynesia (loi organique nº 2004-192 du 27 février 2004 portant statut d'autonomie de la Polynésie française).
		French Polynesia shall be democratically self-governed by its elective representatives and by local referendum, in the conditions prescribed by the present organic law.
		The flag of French Polynesia shall always be flown with the French national flag, according to article 1 of organic law 96-312, dated 12 April 1996, on the autonomy status of French Polynesia.
	www.fotw.net /flags/pf.html (1491 words)

	French people (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The French community in Louisiana consists of the Creoles, the descendants of the French settlers who arrived when Louisiana was a French colony, and the Cajuns, the descendants of Acadian refugees from the Great Upheaval.
		This classic French republican non-essentialist conception of nationality is officialized by the French Constitution, according to whom "French" is a nationality, and not a specific ethnicity.
		The French language, the mother tongue of the majority of the world's French, is a Romance language, one of the many derived from Latin.
	www.tocatch.info /en/Frenchmen.htm (6466 words)

	U.S.-French Social Security Agreement
		If the applicant is eligible for a pension, the French agency shall determine the benefit to which the insured would have been entitled if all the periods of coverage and equivalent periods had been completed exclusively under its own laws.
		If the sum of the periods of coverage completed under French laws is less than one year, the French agency shall not be required to award benefits on the basis of the said periods unless a right to benefits is acquired under French laws solely on the basis of these periods.
		Communicate to each other, as soon as possible, information concerning all changes in their respective laws which may affect the application of this Agreement.
	www.ssa.gov /international/Agreement_Texts/french.html (4238 words)

	Center for Immigration Studies
		If there is a community that could be even more worrying than felons, convicted felons, it is probably people who have experience with blowing things up and killing people on a large scale.
		The French penchant for embracing abstractions rather than admitting to and struggling with discordant realities helps explain that curious piece of information that we are perennially hearing from French authorities.
		This system permitted separate religious communities and cultures to organize their own communal life, including law, education, culture, on the basis of the religious belief of the majority of its inhabitants.
	www.cis.org /articles/2005/frenchriotstranscript.html (6732 words)

	Modern Languages and Linguistics Library
		He proceeds to discuss French as an international language and its relationships to Portuguese, Spanish, and English; the postcolonial Francophone literary corpus and procedures for analyzing it; the adaptations of the French language by Francophone authors; the study of postcolonial poetry; and cultural studies.
		This study of the use of French in various regions invites readers on "a trip around the world," exploring the history of French and its divergent evolutions in Europe, North and South America, Africa, and Asia.
		Examines the evolution of French Creole languages in New Caledonia, Réunion, Louisiana, the French Caribbean and French Guyana, Mauritius, and the Ivory Coast.
	www.library.uiuc.edu /mdx/bibliogs/French/Francophone/generalRev.htm (2935 words)

	French language -
		French (français) is the third largest of the Romance languages in terms of number of native speakers, after Spanish and Portuguese, being spoken by about 87 million people as a mother tongue, and altogether by some 182 million people, which includes second-language speakers who use French for daily communication.
		French is thus the 15th most spoken language in the world by number of native speakers, and 5th in terms of daily speakers.
		Per the Constitution of France, French is the official language of the Republic since 1792 [3].
	www.psychcentral.com /psypsych/French_language (3849 words)

	EUROPA - Development - Overseas Countries & Territories (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Six French overseas territories and territorial communities (collectivités territoriales): most are in the Pacific Ocean (French Polynesia, New Caledonia and its dependencies, Wallis and Futuna), except for the Southern and Antarctic Territories, which are in the Indian Ocean (Crozet and Kerguelen Islands) and the Antarctic continent.
		The territorial communities consist of an island in the Indian Ocean (Mayotte) and two islands off Newfoundland, St Pierre and Miquelon.
		The detailed relations between the OCTs and the Community are governed by Decisions of the Council of Ministers, which are periodically updated.
	ec.europa.eu /comm/development/oct/index_en.htm (359 words)

	Mak \| The Nature of French Diplomacy: Reflections of American Diplomats
		The French diplomat and senior administrator is one of France's elite government officials, a carefully selected, highly trained graduate of a first rate French university, often l'école nationale d'administration, a prestigious institution whose graduates dominate the French administrative hierarchy.
		French officers, who were seconded to the European communities, or who were direct employees of the European communities, were a different kettle of fish.
		French civil servants and diplomats were of the first order, well educated, sophisticated, with a great sense of the state, which I think is something that often is lacking in American diplomats, in American presidents, but not so in the case of French civil servants....
	www.unc.edu /depts/diplomat/archives_roll/2003_07-09/mak_french/mak_french.html (7959 words)

	Pacific Magazine: French Pacific To Have Own Euro, MPs By 2009
		The French Pacific countries and territories of New Caledonia, French Polynesia and Wallis and Futuna are poised to have their own specific representatives within the European Parliament by the next election, scheduled to take place in 2009.
		The French National Assembly (Lower House) earlier this week endorsed an amendment that will allocate a representative for French Overseas Countries and Territories for each of its main three zones of presence: the Indian Ocean, the Atlantic Ocean and the Pacific region.
		French Polynesia's former leader, Gaston Flosse, who is also a member of the French Senate, late last year first tabled the amendment that led to the change in the European representation of French overseas communities.
	www.pacificmagazine.net /news/2007/02/01/french-pacific-to-have-own-euro-mps-by-2009 (198 words)

	Articles - French language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		French is written using the Latin alphabet, plus five diacritics (the circumflex accent, acute accent, grave accent, diaeresis, and cedilla) and one ligature (Å“).
		As a result, it is nearly impossible to predict the spelling on the basis of the sound alone.
		The ligature Å“ is a mandatory contraction of ´´oe´´ in certain words (´´sÅ“ur´´ "sister", etc. In these cases, the Latin etymon must be spelled with an ´´o´´ where the French word has ´´Å“u´´: ´´bovem´´ > ´´bÅ“uf´´, ´´mores´´ > ´´mÅ“urs´´, ´´oculum´´ > ´´Å“il´´.
	www.go-trucks.com /articles/French_language (486 words)

	Residential Learning Communities Application - The French House (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Application The French Language House is a living and learning community for sophomore, junior, and senior students majoring or minoring in French, or for students who have taken or are currently enrolled in French courses.
		Student residents of the House should have a strong interest in French culture and in speaking the language, or be native French speakers.
		This Community, made possible through a partnership between the Department of Languages, Literatures, and Cultures and University Housing, is ideal for students interested in an immersion experience without going overseas, or as preparation for study abroad in a French-speaking country.
	www.housing.sc.edu /app_french.asp (394 words)

	french Guiana
		But really discovering the french Amazonia implies to get out of the coastal strip, which is only possible securely in a well organized frame.
		It's the only french speaking land in South America, it is part both of the geographic set of the Guianas and of the economical set of the E.E.C. It is the bigger, the oldest and less populated of all the french overseas departments with its 90 000 km2 of surface and 150.000 inhabitants.
		Small communities of fl people descendant of fugitives slaves from the hollandeese Guiana (Surinam), so-called "marrons", (Buschs, Djukas, Bonis et Saramacas), have reconstituted along the river Maroni coasts, their tribal structures from african origins.
	www.espace-amazonie.com /french.htm (688 words)

	Virtual Foreign Language Classroom: French Language & Culture
		Due to French colonization, French is spoken in many countries around the world as either an official language, a national language, the language of formal education, or a second language.
		Many countries in Africa were colonized by the French and French remains an official language in many of these countries today.
		French Embassy in Washington D.C. This is the official site of the French embassy in the United States.
	www.nvcc.edu /vflc/french.htm (3143 words)

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