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Topic: French Republican Calendar

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lunisolar calendar

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	The French Revolutionary Calendar
		The existing calendar perpetuated the frauds of the Christian church (Jesus himself was probably a good sans-culotte; all the nonsense stemmed from Paul), and was highly irrational and inconvenient.
		The new calendar, based on a report of Fabre d'Églantine, was adopted by the Convention in October, 1793.
		The republican era was to date from the declaration of the republic in September, 1792.
	www.windhorst.org /calendar (567 words)

	French Republican Calendar - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The French Republican Calendar or French Revolutionary Calendar is a calendar proposed during the French Revolution, and used by the French government for about twelve years from late 1793.
		The calendar was adopted by the Jacobin-controlled National Convention on 24 October 1793.
		French Republican Calendar of 1794, drawn by Louis-Philibert Debucourt.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/French_Revolutionary_Calendar (1419 words)

	French Republican Calendar - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about French Republican Calendar
		The French Revolution in 1789 was initially known as the 1st Year of Liberty.
		This calendar was formally adopted in October 1793 but its usage was backdated to 22 September 1793, which became 1 Vendémiaire.
		The calendar was discarded from 1 January 1806.
	encyclopedia.farlex.com /French+Republican+Calendar (161 words)

	Untitled Document
		The French Republican calendar was essentially the same as a Babylonian type which had the same way of dividing the year into twelve 30-day months with a five-day purification cycle at the end.
		This universal indigenous calendar, timed to the menstrual cycle of woman, so impressed Comte by its harmonic form and biological truthfulness that he devoted several years to studying it before he finalized its form as the Positivist Calendar presented at an 1849 session of the Positivist Society.
		This sentiment is echoed in the 1962 declaration of Calendar Reform at the conclusion to the Vatican II Ecumenical Council.
	www.tortuga.com /college/red/calendarreform/2.cfm (1279 words)

	History of THE CALENDAR (Site not responding. Last check: )
		By the 16th century the seemingly minor error in the Julian calendar (estimating the solar year to be 11 minutes and 14 seconds shorter than it actually is) has accumulated to a ten-day discrepancy between the calendar and reality.
		The calendar devised during 1793 by a committee of the republican Convention in Paris combines the rational and the impractical in a way characteristic of much French revolutionary activity.
		The system is imposed by the French on all the sister republics set up in Europe from 1795 (though as a calendar for a new world era it is unfortunate that the names of the months only match the seasons in the northern hemisphere).
	www.historyworld.net /wrldhis/PlainTextHistories.asp?historyid=ac06 (2509 words)

	The French republican calendar
		The republican calendar was officially adopted on October 24, 1793, that is to say more than one year after the advent of the First Republic (thus no Year I !), after a long debate enters the mathematicians Romme and Monge, the poets Chénier and Fabre d' Eglantine and the painter David.
		The republican calendar is one of the great reforms undertaken by the national Convention which, just like the metric system, aimed at reforming the society until in its references to time and space.
		The diffusion of this calendar, promoted by the participation of large artists, ran up however against the problems of the reduction of the days of rest which it implied thus that at the ancestral rate of the fairs and agricultural markets.
	www.gefrance.com /calrep/calen.htm (365 words)

	Decimal Time - Calendars
		The Gregorian calendar itself was a 1582 reform of the Julian Calendar, which was in turn a reform of the Roman Replublican calendar by Julius Caesar in 45 BCE.
		Many calendar systems are based on the phases of the moon, which do not go evenly into a solar year, but the Julian, Gregorian and most of their derivative calendars are based on the seasons of the year, and have months of arbitrary lengths, usually 12.
		The only reformed calendar in the past 200 years which has been adopted by law in a major Western country is the French Republican Calendar, which was adopted in countries controlled by France from 1793 to 1805.
	www.decimaltime.hynes.net /calendar.html (1100 words)

	The French Republican Calendar (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The French Republican calendar was adopted by a decree of La Convention Nationale on Gregorian date October 5, 1793 and went into effect the following November 24th, on which day Fabre d'Églantine proposed to the Convention the names for the months.
		Napoléon abolished the Republican calendar in favour of the Gregorian on January 1st, 1806.
		The original decree which established the Republican calendar contained a contradiction: it defined the year as starting on the day of the true autumnal equinox in Paris, but further prescribed a four year cycle called la Franciade, the fourth year of which would end with le jour de la Révolution and hence contain 366 days.
	www.calendarhome.com /converter/frenchrepublican.html (556 words)

	The French republican calendar (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The French republican calendar, as the reformed system came to be known, was taken to have begun on September 22, 1792, the day of the proclamation of the Republic and, in that year, the date also of the autumnal equinox.
		The French republican calendar was short-lived, for while it was satisfactory enough internally, it clearly made for difficulties in communication abroad because its months continually changed their relationship to dates in the Gregorian calendar.
		In September 1805, under the Napoleonic regime, the calendar was virtually abandoned, and on January 1, 1806, it was replaced by the Gregorian calendar.
	ccat.sas.upenn.edu /~haroldfs/540/handouts/french/frcalendar.html (554 words)

	Peace Summit
		The topic of calendars and calendar reform is not a popular one for the simple reason that the calendar in use functions as a dogma and, therefore, there appears little reason to question it.
		That the principle objection to the calendar reform was the inclusion of a day outside of the weekly cycle (hence, assuring four equal quarters of 91 days or thirteen seven-day weeks each) is astonishing in light of the harmonic regularity that would be obtained by such a reform.
		From their discovery, the Arguelles' immediately perceived that the cause of the human imbalance with the environment, the reason for the proliferation of industry and new technologies, and the human population "bomb," were all one and the same: the adoption to and acceptance of a timing frequency at deviance with the laws of nature.
	www.earthportals.com /Portal_Messenger/calendarhist.html (5445 words)

	Calendar Converter
		The Gregorian calendar was proclaimed by Pope Gregory XIII and took effect in most Catholic states in 1582, in which October 4, 1582 of the Julian calendar was followed by October 15 in the new calendar, correcting for the accumulated discrepancy between the Julian calendar and the equinox as of that date.
		The Julian calendar was proclaimed by Julius Cæsar in 46 B.C. and underwent several modifications before reaching its final form in 8 C.E. The Julian calendar differs from the Gregorian only in the determination of leap years, lacking the correction for years divisible by 100 and 400 in the Gregorian calendar.
		The Bahá'í calendar is a solar calendar organised as a hierarchy of cycles, each of length 19, commemorating the 19 year period between the 1844 proclamation of the Báb in Shiraz and the revelation by Bahá'u'lláh in 1863.
	www.fourmilab.ch /documents/calendar (5197 words)

	History & info - French Revolutionary calendar (1793 - 1806)
		The French Revolutionary Calendar (or Republican Calendar) was officially adopted in France on October 24, 1793 and abolished on 1 January 1806 by Emperor Napoleon I. It was used again briefly during under the Paris Commune in 1871.
		The calendar was adopted more than one year after the advent of the First Republic (there was no year 1), after a long debate involving the mathematicians Romme and Monge, the poets Chénier and Fabre d' Eglantine and the painter David.
		Therefore a rule similar to the one used in the Gregorian Calendar (including a 4000 year rule) was to take effect in the year 20.
	webexhibits.org /calendars/calendar-french.html (577 words)

	Cyndi's List - Calendars & Dates
		This is a version of the Julian calendar, as used in England, covering the 11th to 16th centuries.
		History of the French republican calendar and conversions to the Gregorian calendar.
		Calendar program for genealogists designed to assist genealogists in finding dates of named days and generally navigate in and between the Julian and Gregorian calendars.
	www.cyndislist.com /calendar.htm (1574 words)

	Brewer, E. Cobham. Dictionary of Phrase & Fable. Months.
		In the French Republican calendar it was called Nivôse (snow-month, December 20th to 20th January).
		In the French Republican calendar it was called Germinal (the time of budding, March 21st to the 19th of April).
		In the French Republican calendar the month was called Floréal (the time of flowers, April 20th to May 20th).
	www.bartleby.com /81/11618.html (838 words)

	Calendar Conversions Overview
		The Gregorian calendar was not instituted until October 15, 1582 (or October 5, 1582 in the Julian calendar).
		This lead to an 11 day shift in the calendar with respect to the seasons by the 16th century when the Gregorian calendar was created to replace the Julian calendar.
		The French republican calendar was adopted in October 1793 during the French Revolution and was abandoned in January 1806.
	www.boogle.com /info/cal-overview.html (1782 words)

	Germinal: Encyclopedia topic (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Germinal was the seventh month (month: A time unit of 30 days) in the French Republican Calendar (French Republican Calendar: the french revolutionary calendar or french republican calendar is a calendar proposed...
		Germinal (1885) is the thirteenth novel in Emile Zola (Emile Zola: French novelist and critic; defender of Dreyfus (1840-1902)) 's twenty-volume series Les Rougon-Macquart (Les Rougon-Macquart: les rougon-macquart is the collective title given to french novelist emile zolas...
		The title, Germinal, is drawn from the springtime seventh month of the French Revolutionary Calendar (French Revolutionary Calendar: the french revolutionary calendar or french republican calendar is a calendar proposed...
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /reference/germinal (983 words)

	French Republican Calendar: Encyclopedia topic (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The French Revolutionary Calendar or French Republican Calendar is a calendar (calendar: A system of timekeeping that defines the beginning and length and divisions of the year) proposed during the French Revolution (French Revolution: The revolution in France against the Bourbons; 1789-1799), and in use by the French government for 13 years from 1793.
		The calendar was adopted by the Jacobin (Jacobin: A member of the radical movement that instituted the Reign of Terror during the French Revolution) -controlled National Convention (National Convention: :this article is about a legislative body and constitutional convention during the french revolu...
		Note that the English names are approximate, as most of the month names were new words coined from similar French (French: The Romance language spoken in France and in countries colonized by France), Latin (Latin: Any dialect of the language of ancient Rome) or Greek (Greek: A native or inhabitant of Greece) words.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /reference/french_republican_calendar (6038 words)

	Calendars
		The Islamic calendar: The Islamic calendar is a lunar-only calendar.
		A few calendars, including the Chinese and Hebrew calendars, are true "lunisolar" calendars: the first day of the month is usually close to a New Moon, and a given month occurs at a given time of the solar year.
		The years in the Bahá'í calendar are counted from 23 May 1844, the date the Báb (regarded by Bahá'ís as the messenger of God; the name is loosely translated as "Gate") announced the closing of the current era, and that one would come soon to open a new era.
	www.projectpluto.com /calendar.htm (6078 words)

	[Research Guidance: French Republican Calendar - Research Outline] Research Guidance Version Of Data : 6/8/2001
		This calendar was used for twelve years, from 24 October 1793 to 31 December 1805.
		The twelve months of the French Republican calendar were based on the natural events of the seasons of the year.
		Find the French Republican year for the date you are converting at the top of one of the four calendars.
	www.familysearch.org /Eng/Search/RG/guide/FrRepCal.ASP (704 words)

	PhpDig.net - PHP - frenchtojd (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The French Republican Calendar was developed around the time of the French Revolution to provide a rational and secular alternative to the Gregorian calendar.
		The calendar's epoch (start) was calculated from the day that the Republic was proclaimed (September 22, 1792).
		The calendar was not put into use until November 24, 1793, and only remained in use until the end of 1805.
	www.phpdig.net /ref/rn05re67.html (415 words)

	Napoleon
		On 6 October, 1793 (15 Vendémiaire, An II), the Convention decided to create a new calendar for the new Republic, fixing the start date as the day when that Republic was proclaimed, namely the autumn equinox, 22 September, 1792.
		He took as his inspiration the seasons and the events in Nature associated with them: the Republican year began with the month of Vendémiaire (from the Latin 'vindemia', grape harvest) (22 September to 21 October).
		With the Gregorian calendar beginning again on 1 January, 1806, the Republican calendar had lasted 13 years.
	www.napoleon.org /en/essential_napoleon/calendar/index.asp (222 words)

	H2G2 (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The French Revolution is often considered to have begun on 14 July, 1789 with the storming of the Bastille.
		However, the period of radical change associated with Robespierre's terror and the guillotine did not begin until after the tumultuous summer of 1792, when the new, largely Jacobin legislative assembly called the National Convention sat for the first time and immediately proclaimed France a republic.
		The Catholic church that had been such a dominant force in pre-revolutionary France had come to be seen as 'anti-revolutionary' and the Gregorian Calendar, with its saints' days and religious holidays, was a powerful symbol of that church's underlying influence.
	www.bbc.co.uk /dna/h2g2/pda/A2903636 (198 words)

	The French Revolution Calendar
		The structure and rules of the calendar were defined by the politician Charles Gilbert Romme, with the poet Fabre d'Églantine inventing the names of the months.
		The calendar consisted of 12 months of 30 days each, with 5 extra days (6 in a leap year) at the end to match the solar year.
		The calendar was adopted of 24 October 1793, but the start of it was fixed on 22 september 1792, that was both the day the French Republic was proclaimed and that year's autumn equinox in Paris.
	personal.telefonica.terra.es /web/jlmartinmas/repcalendar/calendar.html (1458 words)

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