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	French Rococo and Neoclassicism - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Rococo and Neoclassicism are terms used to describe the visual and plastic arts and architecture in Europe from the late 17th to the late 18th centuries.
		The latter half of the 18th century continued to see French preeminence in Europe, particularly through the arts and sciences, and the French language was the lingua franca of the European courts.
		The French neoclassical style would greatly contribute to the monumentalism of the French revolution, as typified in the structures La Madeleine church (begun in 1763 and finished in 1840) which is in the form of a Greek temple and the mammouth Panthéon (1764-1812) which today houses the tombs of great Frenchmen.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/French_Rococo_and_Neoclassicism (737 words)

	Neoclassicism
		Neoclassicism (sometimes rendered as Neo-Classicism) is the name given to distinct movements in the visual arts, literature and music.
		In the visual arts, neoclassicism began as a reaction against the Baroque and Rococo, and a desire to return to perceived "purity" of the arts Rome and a less specific idea of the arts of Ancient Greece, and to a lesser extent the examples of Renaissance Classicism.
		Neoclassicism first gained influence in England and France after the mid 18th century, through a generation of French art students trained in Rome, and the influential writings of Winckelmann]]and quickly adopted in progressive circles in Sweden.
	www.guajara.com /wiki/en/wikipedia/n/ne/neoclassicism.html (545 words)

	Neoclassicism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Neoclassicism (sometimes rendered as Neo-Classicism or Neo-classicism) is the name given to quite movements in the visual arts in literature in theatre and in music that were in effect at various between the 18th and the 20th centuries.
		Neoclassicism first gained influence in England and France through a generation of French art trained in Rome and influenced by the of Johann Joachim Winckelmann and it was quickly adopted by circles in Sweden.
		Neoclassicism continued to be a major force academic art through the 19th century and beyond— a constant antithesis to Romanticism or Gothic revivals — although from the late 19th century on it had often been considered or even reactionary in influential critical circles.
	www.freeglossary.com /Neoclassicism (1387 words)

	French literature of the 18th century - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		French literature of the 18th century spans the period from the death of Louis XIV of France, through the Régence (during the minority of Louis XV) and the reigns of Louis XV of France and Louis XVI of France to the start of the French Revolution.
		The eighteenth century, particularly that portion of it between the death of Louis XIV in 1715 and the outbreak of the French Revolution in 1789, stands in startling contrast to the Great Age.
		It is the period of prose and reason, the period also of general ideas, many of which were to prove destructive to existing institutions of church and state.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/French_literature_of_the_18th_century (560 words)

	Rococo (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Rococo in England was always thought of as the "French taste" and was largely confined to silver, ceramics and furnishings, though rococo plasterwork by immigrant Italian-Swiss artists like Bagutti and Artari is a feature of houses by James Gibbs, and the Franchini brothers working in Ireland equalled anything that was attempted in England.
		The Rococo style was readily received in the Catholic parts of Germany and in Bohemia and Austria, where it was even further exaggerated; it remained in favor until the 1780s, maybe even longer.
		The French artists seem ever to have regarded the beauty of the whole composition as the chief object, while the German laid most stress on the bold vigour of the lines; thus, the lack of symmetry was never so exaggerated in the works of the former.
	rococo.ask.dyndns.dk (2179 words)

	Palace of Versailles - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Hall of Mirrors (French: Galerie des Glaces) is a large room in the palace.
		After the French defeat in the Franco-Prussian War, the palace was the main headquarters of the German army from October 5, 1870 until March 13, 1871, and the German Empire was proclaimed here on January 18.
		The last shot in this war of sumptous architecture was probably fired by Ludwig II of Bavaria when he asked for a nearly identical copy of Versailles, Herrenchiemsee, to be built on an island on the bucolic Chiemsee lake in the countryside of Bavaria.
	www.arikah.net /encyclopedia/Hall_of_Mirrors (2529 words)

	Neoclassicism - Gurupedia
		Neoclassicism (sometimes rendered as Neo-Classicism or Neo-classicism) is the name given to quite distinct movements in the visual arts, in literature, in theatre and in music, that were in effect at various times between the 18th and the
		The first phase of neoclassicism in France is expressed in the Louis XVI style, the second phase in the styles we call "Directoire" or "Empire." Italy clung to Rococo until the Napoleonic regimes brought the new archeaological classicism that was embraced as a political statement by young, progressive, urban Italians with republican leanings.
		Neoclassicism continued to be a major force in academic art through the 19th century and beyond— a constant antithesis to Romanticism or Gothic revivals— although from the late 19th century on it had often been considered anti-modern, or even reactionary, in influential critical circles.
	www.gurupedia.com /n/ne/neoclassical.htm (1433 words)

	Neoclassicism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		In France, the first phase of neoclassicism is expressed in the "Louis XVI style", the second phase in the styles we call "Directoire" or "Empire." Italy clung to Rococo until the Napoleonic regimes brought the new archeaological classicism, which was embraced as a political statement by young, progressive, urban Italians with republican leanings.
		In the decorative arts, neoclassicism is exemplified in Empire furniture made in Paris, London, New York, Berlin; in Biedermeyer furniture made in Austria; in Karl Friedrich Schinkels museums in Berlin, Sir John Soanes Bank of England in London and the newly built "capitol" in Washington, DC; and in Wedgwood's bas reliefs and "fl basaltes" vases.
		In American architecture, neoclassicism was one expression of the American Renaissance movement, ca 1890-1917; its last manifestation was in Beaux-Arts architecture, and its very last, large public projects were the Lincoln Memorial (highly criticised at the time), the National Gallery in Washington, D.C., and the American Museum of Natural Historys Roosevelt Memorial.
	neoclassicism.ask.dyndns.dk (1451 words)

	French art. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		The French Academy was chartered in 1635, and the Gobelins tapestry factory was established in 1662.
		Typical of the decorative magnificence of the age was the painting of Charles Le Brun and Pierre Mignard and the sculpture of François Girardon, Pierre Puget, and Antoine Coysevox.
		After the ascension of Louis XV baroque monumentality was replaced by the lighter, more animated spirit of the rococo, which had early manifestation in the art of J. Watteau.
	www.bartleby.com /65/fr/French-art.html (1479 words)

	French art
		As the birthplace of the Gothic style, France was a centre for sculpture and manuscript illumination in the Middle Ages, and of tapestry from the 15th century.
		Subsequent light-hearted rococo scenes of upper-class leisure gave way with the French Revolution to the neoclassicism of Jacques-Louis David and Jean Ingres.
		French painters of this group are Jean François Millet, Daubigny (1817–1878), and Theodore Rousseau.
	www.tiscali.co.uk /reference/encyclopaedia/hutchinson/m0014864.html (1860 words)

	French Artistic Movements (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Henri IV of France and is said to begin with the French invasion of Italy in 1494.
		French language was the lingua franca of the European courts.
		Neoclassicism in France, that is to say a conscious use of Greek and Roman forms and iconography.
	dks.thing.net /French_Artistic_Movements.html (3656 words)

	History of Furniture, wholesale french furniture reproductions,discount furniture store,egyptian furniture,antique ...
		Rococo began in the reign of Louis XIV and flourished during the reign of Louis XV.
		Neoclassicism, a reaction against the rococo in favor of classicism, was a movement that began while the rococo was still at its height.
		Neoclassicism was the first conscious effort to revive a style, rather than to use elements of a past style as inspiration for new designs.
	www.franceera.com /history_of_furniture_1.htm (3563 words)

	Rococo - Rococo Art
		Rococo has been born from the Baroque era, during the age of Enlightenment.
		Rococo is seen both as the climax and fall of Baroque art.
		The Rococo manner was a reaction against the"grand manner" of art identified with the baroque formality and rigidity of court life.
	www.huntfor.com /arthistory/c17th-mid19th/rococo.htm (661 words)

	Neoclassicism, Katherine Patton
		Neoclassicism in painting emerged from two opposing schools of art during the 17th century: the Poussinists and the Reubenists.
		In the true spirit of Neoclassicism these artists believed they could “create a new mythology after the extinction of a moribund tradition of monarchy [and] the true grandeur of the historical past could be resurrected in the service of the present and the future” (Rosenblum 161).
		Just as Neoclassicism had been a reaction not only to the excesses of Baroque and Rococo but the chaos of revolution, this new post-classical movement was rooted in the same politically chaotic groundwork.
	www.discovery.mala.bc.ca /web/pattonkd/neo.htm (2441 words)

	Rococo Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		It was after the death of Louis XIV in 1715 that Rococo developed more rapidly as an artistic style, since the centre of artistic taste in Paris began to move to the Salons in Hotels and elegant private houses of the aristocracy.
		Rococo (derived from the French 'rocaille' or rock and 'coquille' or shell) was the term applied to a style of decoration used by artists, craftspeople and architects to add charm and elegance to a wide range of surfaces.
		Rococo was not strictly an architectural style, most buildings were essentially still designed on Baroque principles (or in the case of England, a revival of Andrea Palladio's theories).
	users.senet.com.au /~dsmith/rococo.htm (3084 words)

	ArtLex on French Art
		Frankish (early French), Carolingian, Equestrian Statuette of Charlemagne, ninth century, bronze with traces of gilt, 9 1/4 inches high (23.5 cm), Louvre.
		(French), Descent from the Cross, called "The Courajod Christ", second quarter of the twelfth century, paint and gilt on wood, 61 x 67 x 12 inches (155 x 168 x 30 cm), Louvre.
		Notre Dame Cathedral was seminal in the evolution of the French Gothic style.
	www.artlex.com /ArtLex/f/french.html (2660 words)

	NGA - 18th- and 19th-Century France — Neoclassicism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		With the revolution, French painting resumed its moral and political purpose and embraced the style known as neoclassicism.
		Neoclassicism triumphed—and became inseparably linked to the revolution—in the work of Jacques-Louis David, a painter who also played an active role in politics.
		During his long life, he came to be regarded as the high priest of neoclassicism, pursuing its perfection after younger artists had become enthralled with romanticism.
	www.nga.gov /collection/gallery/gg56/gg56-over1.html (447 words)

	Watteau, Antoine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		French painter, who is regarded as one of the outstanding artists of the rococo period, which corresponded roughly to the reign of King Louis XV (1715-1774).
		He later studied under French engraver and stage designer Claude Gillot, from whom he gained an interest in the character of the fashionable Italian commedia dell'arte.
		Among Watteau's favorite subjects were fashionable outdoor gatherings, known as fêtes galantes (French for "scenes of gallantry"), in which elegant court ladies and gentlemen pass their time among trees and shrubbery.
	www.cartage.org.lb /en/themes/Biographies/MainBiographies/W/watteau/2.html (419 words)

	Web Activity Lesson Plan, Glencoe World History: Modern Times, Glencoe, 2003
		Rococo art can be described as art that focused on aristocratic scenes that were delicate, playful, and sometimes provocative.
		Rococo art was often criticized for being superficial and escapist because it depicted scenes that were charming and decorative, but—at least to later generations—unrealistic.
		However, unlike Vigée-Lebrun, Labille-Guiard was able to remain part of the French art world after the revolution because she had been a supporter of reform and had identified with the revolution, even painting some of the French revolutionary figures.
	www.glencoe.com /sec/socialstudies/worldhistory/gwhmt2003/content.php4/899/5 (371 words)

	Neoclassicism quiz -- free game (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Neoclassicism was originally a reaction against the previous generation of artists from what style?
		What 18th century French sculptor created both 'Saint John the Baptist' and 'Saint Bruno' in 1766 and is known for being on the outer fringes of neoclassicism in terms of relating Greco-Roman themes?
		Theoretical treatises by this man contributed to the rise of neoclassicism in Europe with his writings advising artists to not copy, but observe nature through their own eyes as the ancients did.
	www.funtrivia.com /playquiz.cfm?qid=112802 (335 words)

	:: ARTDISH :: northwest forum on visual art
		Century French painting and traditional Japanese landscapes, American cartoons and Japanese manga, as well as pin-up posters, print advertisements and other visual ephemera — reassert the primacy of the medium through emotion that stems from personal history, dramatic story-telling, and — frequently — the use of anthropomorphic animals as human surrogates.
		The Rococo — fragile, full of color, pastoral, and embracing trivial subject matter — allowed Europeans at the beginning of the 18th Century to recognize the ways in which religious conviction had given way to the uncertainties of humanism and the enlightenment.
		As with the Rococo, this is achieved through the appropriation of high and low genres from the distant past and recent present.
	www.artdish.com /article.asp?ID=63 (1304 words)

	An Eye for Design: 18th & 19th Century Fashion and Decorative Arts
		The eighteenth century was marked by at least three distinctive styles: the Baroque, the Rococo and Neoclassicism.
		The Rococo style, also called the Louis XV style, was very different and was representative of the reign of this French king (1715-74), although it was most popular before 1750.
		Neoclassicism competed with a multitude of design influences early in the nineteenth century.
	dept.kent.edu /museum/exhibit/eye/eye.htm (470 words)

	Rococo (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Rococo is a French word meaning "little rock".
		Rococo appeared around 1700 to 1780, was the continuation after the Baroque period.
		Rococo art often portrays scenes from classical mythology.
	www.paralumun.com /artrococo.htm (39 words)

	NEOCLASSICISM
		Falling of french Ancient Regime in 1789 Revolution was the result of the popular and middle classes oposition to a social and political system dominated by aristocracy.
		That is why voluptuous Rococo and its frivolity were seriously criticized.
		Exhaustion of Rococo streams created an aesthetical crisis that made possible imitation of Classical Antiquity rediscovered by archaelogists.
	www.spanisharts.com /history/del_neoclasic_romant/i_neoclasicismo.html (239 words)

	1700s
		The Romantic movement originated in late 18th Century England, and is primarily identified with English writers such as William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge.
		Officials in London, Paris, and Amsterdam were shocked to learn of networks of men who spoke of their forbidden sexual practices with an unfamiliar subcultural slang and had secret meeting places and even public taverns where they met and had sex with each other.
		Even though the French police did not share Dutch and English religious convictions, Parisian sodomites lived in fear of prosecution since the police pioneered methods of psychological torture, entrapment, and flmail.
	www.jahsonic.com /1700s.html (1331 words)

	[No title]
		They are: The Rococo, Neoclassicism, Romanticism, and Realism, each occurring in that order, and taking place primarily in France, but to smaller extents in Spain and Italy.
		French society and cultural life was undergoing a renaissance of sorts, with the rise of the salons, in which a wide variety of cultural events and small exhibits could take place, yet be accessible to artists and their admirers.
		It was these discoveries that “fueled an increasing tendency among the French to view the Rococo style as symptomatic of a widespread cultural decadence, epitomized by the luxurious lifestyle of the aristocracy.
	monkey.org /~nemickol/class/old/ar255/A&I_01.doc (596 words)

	Chapter 10, Student Web Activities, Glencoe World History, Glencoe, 2003
		Rococo art was an important element of French culture during the ancien regime.
		The style is highly suggestive of the attitudes and atmosphere in the royal court during the period leading up to the French Revolution.
		In this activity you will read about four rococo painters and how they experienced the shift from rococo to neoclassicism, and from the ancien regime to the era of the French Revolution.
	www.glencoe.com /qe/qe34mt.php?&st=899&pt=2&bk=27 (290 words)

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