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Topic: French State


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In the News (Thu 16 Feb 12)

  
  Vichy France article - Vichy France French French state 1940 1944 puppet government Nazi Free French - What-Means.com   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
Vichy France (French: now called Régime de Vichy or Vichy; called itself at the time État Français, or French State) was the French state of 1940-1944 which was a puppet government under Nazi influence, as opposed to the Free French Forces, based first in London and later in Algiers.
The French leaders considered retreating to French territories in North Africa but the vice-premier, Henri Philippe Pétain, and the commander-in-chief, General Maxime Weygand insisted that the government should both remain in France and seek an armistice with Germany.
The French Army was reduced to 100,000 men and the French prisoners of war would remain in captivity.
www.what-means.com /encyclopedia/Vichy_France   (1254 words)

  
 France (07/05)
French and EU analysts stress that longer-term measures must focus on reducing the future burden of ballooning public pension and health care budgets, as well as reducing labor-related taxes.
An attack on French forces in Cote d’Ivoire in 2004 by government soldiers led to the departure of thousands of French nationals from that country, with some stating an intention to return to Cote d’Ivoire and others indicating that their departure was permanent.
French military doctrine is based on the concepts of national independence, nuclear deterrence, and military sufficiency.
www.state.gov /r/pa/ei/bgn/3842.htm   (5567 words)

  
 State v. French
French contends the circuit court erred by not giving a jury instruction on the offense of Theft in the Third Degree as an included offense of Robbery in the First Degree.
Additionally, the State contends that if it were error not to give the instruction on Theft in the Third Degree, the error was harmless because French was convicted of the greater offense of Robbery in the Second Degree.
The court stated that while the defendant is entitled to know whether the information sought might have changed the outcome of his trial had such information been disclosed, defense counsel should not have direct access to the documents protected by the statutory privilege.
www.state.hi.us /jud/ica25103.htm   (2835 words)

  
 LLRX.com - Germain's French Law Guide
France is a Republic and a unitary state, with a tradition of a strong centralized state.
A recent development is the constitutionalization of French law, and a developing body of case law from the Conseil constitutionnel since 1971.
French Embassy in Washington D.C. Run by the French embassy in Washington, D.C., is a good starting point for English speakers to find information about the French government, trade and investment.
www.llrx.com /features/frenchlaw.htm   (5908 words)

  
 CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: French Revolution
The influence of freemasonry in the French Revolution proclaimed by Louis Blanc and by freemasonry itself is proved by the researches of M. Cochin.
No section of French territory should recognize the authority of a bishop living abroad, or of his delegates, and this, adds the Constitution, "without prejudice to the unity of faith and the communion which shall be maintained with the head of the Universal Church".
The same decree states that freedom of worship is maintained but adds that in the case of disturbances caused by the exercise of a religion those who "excite them by fanatical preaching or by counter Revolutionary innovations", shall be punished according to the rigour of the law.
www.newadvent.org /cathen/13009a.htm   (7775 words)

  
 The French
Almost all the centralized functions of the state, such as the raising of revenue and the maintenance of a military, fell exclusively to the administration of the diverse counts.
From a political point of view, the nobility control the state in their roles of maintaining an independent military and exercising a certain amount of autonomous control over the finances and revenues from the lands under their control.
The French monarchy suddenly grew in prestige and importance as the barons began to regard Louis as the counter-balance to Henry II.
www.wsu.edu:8080 /~dee/MA/FRENCH.HTM   (6065 words)

  
 French Revolution - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
During the French Revolution (1789–1799) democracy and republicanism overthrew the absolute monarchy in France, and the French portion of the Roman Catholic Church was forced to undergo radical restructuring.
The Concordat of 1801 between the National Assembly and the Church ended the dechristianisation period and established the rules for a relationship between the Catholic Church and the French State that lasted until it was abrogated by the Third Republic on the separation of church and state on December 11, 1905.
In the Brunswick Manifesto, the Imperial and Prussian armies threatened retaliation on the French population should it resist their advance or the reinstatement of the monarchy.
en.wikipedia.org /wiki/French_Revolution   (5054 words)

  
 AllRefer.com - Missouri, state, United States : History : French Exploration and Settlement, United States (U.S. ...
When the French explorers arrived the area was inhabited by Native Americans of the Osage and the Missouri groups, and by the end of the 17th cent.
Although not involved in the last conflict (1754–63) of the French and Indian Wars, Missouri was affected by the French defeat when, in 1762, France secretly ceded the territory west of the Mississippi to Spain.
French influence remained dominant, even though by this time Americans had filtered into the territory, particularly to the lead mines at Ste GeneviEve and Potosi.
reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/M/Missouri-history.html   (355 words)

  
 Why Study French
French as a foreign language is the second most frequently taught language in the world after English.
French thought played a dominant role among the founders of the United States in the 18th century, and it continues to shape America today through the influence of such intellectual currents as post-structuralism and post-modernism.
The French economy is one of the strongest in the world and is increasingly a leader in technological innovation.
www.fll.vt.edu /French/whyfrench.html   (1305 words)

  
 LLRX.com - Researching French Law
The French Republic (la République Française) is ruled by the Constitution of the Fifth Republic (October 4th, 1958).
At the top of the judiciary courts (concerning civil, trade, labor and criminal laws) there is a Supreme Court of Appeals or Cour de Cassation: 80 judges are appointed by the President of the Republic from nominations of the High Council of the Judiciary.
French legislation is officially published (paper) in the Journal officiel (official gazette) and in several official bulletins.
www.llrx.com /features/french.htm   (1724 words)

  
 FRENCH BUREACUCRACY/WELFARE STATE   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
Today, the French bureaucracy is generally regarded as the most competent and efficient in the world.
This is still true today- the French bureaucracy intervenes and more extensively and is more powerful than most countries because of the weakness of Parliament and the extensiveness of the French welfare state.
The elitist nature of the bureaucracy was increased further with the establishment of the Ecole Nationale d'Administration, or the ENA (National School of Administration) in 1946.
home.earthlink.net /~zappo/apgov/frenchbur.html   (448 words)

  
 French Polynesia on Encyclopedia.com   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
French Polynesia is administered by a French-appointed high commissioner and by an elected assembly that elects a territorial president and a council of ministers.
European contact began in the 16th cent., and the area was widely explored by the French during the 18th and 19th cent., when French missionaries also came to the region.
France began testing nuclear weapons in some parts of French Polynesia in the 1960s, meeting with widespread local opposition; a series of six tests in 1995-96 was declared by France to be the last.
www.encyclopedia.com /html/F/FrenchP1o.asp   (715 words)

  
 French State, Vichy government (1940-1944)   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
The 'state' was under total German control but tried to maintain the fiction of an independent state, with a French administration, especially for police and justice.
Although Metropolitan France was under the German boot, pretending to be independent, parts of the Empire such as French Equatorial Africa, New Caledonia, French Polynesia and Saint-Pierre and Miquelon rallied Free France, thus giving it a territorial reality from which de Gaulle could claim the active participation of France to the Allied war effort.
The axe is a francisque, fallaciously supposed to be the arm of the Franks, the 'founders' of a allegedly 'ethnically pure' French nation.
www.crwflags.com /fotw/flags/fr-etatf.html   (710 words)

  
 History: Septinsular State / Imperial French
According to the Treaty of Constantinople between Russia and Turkey, a semi-independent State of the Seven Ionian Islands, the so-called Septinsular State, was constituted in 1800.
The new state was placed under the nominal Suzerainty of the Sultan and under the effective Protection of the Czar.
The administration of the French governor Donzelot from 1808 to 1814 is gratefully remembered by the inhabitants until today.
www.corfuxenos.gr /History/septinsular.htm   (324 words)

  
 BBC NEWS | Europe | French Muslims fear 'state within state'
Young French Muslims in the Lyon suburb of Les Minguettes - which 20 years ago saw angry protest marches as Muslims fought for full French nationality - are again angry at what they see as continued exclusion.
Already frustrated by poverty and what they perceive to be discrimination, their anger has been further increased by the French Parliament's passing of a law banning headscarves and other religious symbols from schools.
Some have even said that there is a risk French Muslims may choose to live in their own "state within a state".
news.bbc.co.uk /2/hi/europe/3482641.stm   (854 words)

  
 French Creek State Park - Pennsylvania - OutdoorPlaces.Com
The trails are very well marked in the sense of being able to stay on the trail, but most trails are unmarked as far as their names and there are no trail junction markers that spell out trail names.
When hiking in French Creek State Park you will notice that almost everyone on the trails has a daypack and a light jacket.
In the case of the six mile Mill Creek Trail, it is strongly recommended to go in boots with full hiking gear, it is a rugged experience to be savored in the eastern part of the park.
www.outdoorplaces.com /Destination/stateparks/pennsylvania/frenchcreek   (662 words)

  
 Pennsylvania State Parks - French Creek - PA DCNR
The heavily forested, scenic hills of French Creek State Park provide habitat for plants and animals in the ever-expanding urban environment of southeastern Pennsylvania.
French Creek State Park is located off of PA 345, south of Birdsboro, Pennsylvania, and north of PA 23.
Inflatable watercraft devices used on Pennsylvania State Park waters must meet the following requirements: the craft must be made of a tough material, have more than one buoyancy chamber, and be a minimum of seven feet long.
www.dcnr.state.pa.us /stateparks/parks/frenchcreek.aspx   (1597 words)

  
 French @ Arizona State University   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
Students are urged to discuss their studies with the Director of French Graduate Studies who is available to answer whatever questions or problems may arise during the pursuit of the M.A. degree.
Since it is the students' responsibility to comply with all requirements and to keep informed of their nature and application, it is in their interest to familiarize themselves with these documents and to consult with the departmental faculty on a regular basis.
In addition, the quality of each student’s French will be evaluated, and students who need to improve their language skills must do so within the time limit given them by the section.
www.asu.edu /clas/dll/fre/frhomep.htm   (4735 words)

  
 Occupied France
With the French population stunned by defeat and invasion, and the politicals of the Third Republic discredited, Pétain and his allies seized the moment to conduct their own ideologically-motivated reforms.
The French authorities in the Occupied zone were obliged to comply with the requests of the occupying forces, whatever that might entail.
The deportation of 75,000-80,000 Jews, the forced dispatch of 750,000 Frenchmen and Frenchwomen to work in Germany, the trials of 135,000 French people, the internment of 70,000 `enemies of the state', the complicity of the French police and the Milice in suppressing resistance are all examples of this.
www.sunderland.ac.uk /~os0tmc/occupied/collab.htm   (3002 words)

  
 Senator Steve French
Senator French, a Republican, is serving his second term in the Senate.
Senator French is an investment and insurance specialist, concentrating in the areas of estate planning, asset protection, and wealth creation.
Senator French served as the Organizational Chairman for the George W. Bush for President Campaign in 2000, and the 6th Congressional District chairman for the Bush/Cheney '04 campaign.
www.legislature.state.al.us /senate/senators/senatebios/sd015.html   (356 words)

  
 Andorra (06/05)
Andorrans are a minority in their own country; Spanish, French, and Portuguese residents make up 60% of the population.
Over the years, the title was passed between French and Spanish rule until, in the reign of the French King Henry IV, an edict in 1607 established the head of the French state and the Bishop of Urgell as co-princes of Andorra.
United States Consulate General officials based in Barcelona are responsible for the day-to-day conduct of relations with Andorra.
www.state.gov /r/pa/ei/bgn/3164.htm   (2658 words)

  
 The Political Graveyard: French ancestry Politicians
New Jersey state house of assembly from Essex County, 1900-02; member of New Jersey state senate from Essex County, 1903-05.
Michigan state house of representatives from Berrien County 2nd District, 1915-18; defeated, 1912.
Michigan state house of representatives from Macomb County 2nd District, 1863-64.
politicalgraveyard.com /group/french.html   (1362 words)

  
 Cinco de Mayo History
Napoleon's French Army had not been defeated in 50 years, and it invaded Mexico with the finest modern equipment and with a newly reconstituted Foreign Legion.
The French were not afraid of anyone, especially since the United States was embroiled in its own Civil War.
In response, the French did a most stupid thing; they sent their cavalry off to chase Diaz and his men, who proceeded to butcher them.
www.vivacincodemayo.org /history.htm   (644 words)

  
 French school uniform: state schools
It is an elementary school and through the early 20th century it was the only state school that most French boys attemded.
French elementary boys through the 1950s wore smocks to school, almost always fl, dark blue, or grey smocks.  I am not sure what French schoolboys wore before the 1870s, but the school smock as we now know it was part of the educational reforms of the Third Republic.
Available images confirm that French boys were wearing berets and smocks well before World War I--although I have no 19th Century images.
histclo.hispeed.com /schun/country/fran/schunfrtss.html   (741 words)

  
 French school uniform: state elementary schoolsd   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
I am not sure what French schoolboys wore before the 1870s, but the history of modern French school wear began in the 1870s with the social reforms of the Third Republic.
French schoolboys continued to wear smaocks in the early 20th century.
French elementary boys through the 1950s wore smocks to school, almost always fl, dark blue, or grey smocks.  I'm not sure how the style was introduced, whether there was a national policy or if local schools had any disgression.
histclo.hispeed.com /schun/country/fran/schunfrtse.html   (1231 words)

  
 ONLINE FRENCH CONNECTIONS
Artifacts from French colonial period, including possessions of the "Lost Dauphin," reputed to have been the son of Louis XVI.
Fort Michilimackinac, an important French and British outpost, of particular importance for French colonial history between 1715 and 1762.
French Canadian Heritage Socity of Michigan Good for those with ancestors/relatives in Michigan.
www.uwgb.edu /wisfrench/media/wfclinks.htm   (911 words)

  
 French Polynesia
France began testing nuclear weapons in some parts of French Polynesia in the 1960s, meeting with widespread local opposition; a series of six tests in 1995–96 was declared by France to be the last.
French Polynesia - Status: Overseas Country High Commissioner: Jean Aribaud (1999) President: Oscar Temaru (2004)...
French Overseas Territories - French Polynesia New Caledonia and Dependencies Southern and Antarctic Lands Wallis and Futuna...
www.infoplease.com /id/A0819665   (554 words)

  
 Downey Diving - French Creek State Park   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
Set amidst the old, quaint and picturesque farmland of southeast Pennsylvania, French Creek offers two lakes--Hopewell and Scotts Run, extensive forests and almost 40 miles of hiking trails.
French Creek State Park is located off of Route 345, south of Birdsboro, Pennsylvania, and north of Route 23.
The park is in Berks and Chester Counties.
www.downeydiving.com /sites/french.htm   (173 words)

  
 Boston.com / Business / French state retains majority in EDF-GDF   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
The French government plans to sell some shares in the state-owned power utilities Electricite de France and Gaz de France but retain a majority stake, the government spokesman said Wednesday.
PARIS -- The French government plans to sell some shares in the state-owned power utilities Electricite de France and Gaz de France but retain a majority stake, the government spokesman said Wednesday.
Financial benefits such as cheap debt granted to EDF under the current French law have been repeatedly criticized by European Union competition authorities, which in December ordered the power giant to pay back 900 million euros ($1.1 billion) in tax breaks plus interest.
www.boston.com /business/articles/2004/05/19/french_state_retains_majority_in_edf_gdf   (450 words)

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