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Topic: French West Africa

	French West Africa - LoveToKnow 1911 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		FRENCH WEST AFRICA (L'Afrique occidentale francaise), the common designation of the following colonies of France: - (1) Senegal, (2) Upper Senegal and Niger, (3) Guinea, (4) the Ivory Coast, (5) Dahomey; of the territory of Mauretania, and of a large portion of the Sahara.
		The colony of Senegal is represented in the French parliament by one deputy.
		A map of French West Africa by A. Meunier and E. Barralier (6 sheets on the scale 1:2,000,000) was published in Paris, 1903.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /French_West_Africa (907 words)

	French in West Africa
		Although the French had contact in other areas of coastal West Africa their efforts were most clearly focused on the Senegal River area and its hinterland.
		The French goal of increasing their stake in West Africa was influenced by similar policies undertaken by their fellow Europeans in Africa culminating in the late nineteenth century with a European "scramble for Africa." Industrialization and economic conditions in Europe influenced the expansion of European interests in West Africa from the nineteenth century on.
		The constituent territories of French West Africa were divided into cercles or administrative units which were administered by commandants de cercel or district commissioners and then further, chefs de subdivision at the local level.
	www.africa.upenn.edu /K-12/French_16178.html (2086 words)

	Comparative Criminology \| Africa - Cote D'Ivoire
		French citizenship was granted to all African "subjects," the right to organize politically was recognized, and various forms of forced labor were abolished.
		This diversity accounts, in part, for early missionaries in West Africa who often described the spiritual "chaos" they encountered, when they were actually observing different social groupings, each with different spiritual obligations to ancestral and other spirits, acting in accordance with common beliefs about the nature of the universe.
		FGM is practiced particularly among the rural populations in the north and west and to a lesser extent in the center.
	www-rohan.sdsu.edu /faculty/rwinslow/africa/cote_divoire.html (12764 words)

	ASNOM - French West Africa (AOF)
		Created by a decree of the 16th of June 1895, one year after the establishment of the Ministry for the Colonies, French West Africa (AOF), a federation of colonies, is an entity for coordinating French presence in West Africa.
		In 1946, the French Union passes an electoral law permitting African populations to appoint members of parliament and senators to the French parliament.
		In 1872, France confers the statute of "Fully functioning French district" on Saint-Louis, Gorée and Dakar and, in 1880, on the town of Rufisque.
	www.asnom.org /en/151_aof.html (1427 words)

	The French in West Africa
		The "French Soudan" or "Western Sudan" should not be confused with the modern country of Sudan, or with the colony that was known as "Anglo-Egyptian Sudan" during most of the 20th century.
		Sodji's successor (Mekpu) tried to renounce the treaty with the French, but after he was defeated by a rival with French assistance in 1883, the French government became confident enough to make Porto Novo the capital of their possessions in the Gulf of Benin.
		French expansion, which led to the annexation of huge areas of unprofitable desert and jungle, was motivated by a more complex mixture of interests that included deliberate efforts on the part of soldiers, merchants, geographic societies and groups like the Comité de l'Afrique Française and Union coloniale française to promote the idea of empire.
	courses.wcupa.edu /jones/his312/lectures/fren-occ.htm (2264 words)

	French West Africa (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		In 1895 the Federation of French West Africa was formed with Dakar as its capital.
		French West Africa was a territory in North-West Africa.
		The Federation of French West Africa was dissolved in 1958, when French Soudan and Senegal became the Mali federation and the rest independent republics.
	home.planet.nl /~bakk4502/African_Stamps/france/FWA.htm (74 words)

	French West Africa - Search Results - MSN Encarta (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		French West Africa, French territorial possessions in Africa during the late 19th and first half of the 20th centuries, encompassing what are now...
		France and Britain speeded their conquests in West Africa.
		Dakar was founded in 1857 by the French.
	uk.encarta.msn.com /French_West_Africa.html (168 words)

	Sandafayre Stamp Auctions \| Stamp Atlas \| French West Africa
		The French West African colonies were grouped together by decree in 1895 and, again, in 1904, under a governor-general at Dakar, but continued to have administrative autonomy, including separate stamps until 1944.
		French influence spread north from Senegal and on 18 October 1904 Mauritania became a 'civil territory' dependency of French West Africa.
		French influence brought by explorer Faidherbe from the River Senegal to the Upper Niger was extended by conquest to the area of Tombouctou (1883) and stretched (without boundaries) as far as that influence could be maintained.
	www.sandafayre.com /atlas/fwaf.htm (2677 words)

	[No title]
		French troops occupied the country in 1881 and a treaty was signed acknowledging the French protectorate.
		French diplomatic relations were suspended in 1965 and the Soviet Union took their palace as the chief source of economic and technical assistant.
		In 1922, it became a French colony and in 1958, voters accepted the French Constitution and it became an autonomous republic within the French Community.
	www-personal.umich.edu /~myra/WestAfrica.html (773 words)

	AllRefer.com - French West Africa, Africa History (African History) - Encyclopedia
		French West Africa, former federation of eight French overseas territories.
		The federation was created in 1895 to consolidate the French holdings in W Africa and was definitively constituted in 1904.
		In 1958 the constituent territories became autonomous republics in the French Community, except for Guinea, which became independent.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/F/FrenchWAf.html (225 words)

	French West Africa - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Originally created in 1895 as a union of Senegal, French Sudan, French Guinea and Côte d'Ivoire only, the federation was placed on a permanent footing in 1904 with a governor-general based first in Saint-Louis, then (from 1902) in Dakar, both in Senegal, the oldest French settlement.
		All of the stamps of French West Africa are common and inexpensive, both mint and used.
		French West Africa (Côte d'Ivoire, Dahomey, French Sudan (Mali), Guinea, Mauritania, Niger, Senegal, Upper Volta) and French Togoland and James Island (The Gambia)
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/French_West_Africa (454 words)

	French colonial empires - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Early French attempts to found colonies in Brazil, in 1555 at Rio de Janeiro (the so-called France Antarctique) and in 1612 at São Luís (the so-called France Équinoxiale), and in Florida (including Fort Caroline in 1562) were not successful, due to Portuguese and Spanish vigilance and prevention.
		Some recovery of the French colonial empire was made during the French intervention in the American Revolution, with Saint Lucia being returned to France by the Treaty of Paris in 1783, but not nearly as much as had been hoped for at the time of French intervention.
		The French colonial empire began to fall apart during the Second World War, when various parts of their empire were occupied by foreign powers (Japan in Indochina, Britain in Syria, Lebanon, and Madagascar, the US and Britain in Morocco and Algeria, and Germany in Tunisia).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/French_Africa (2936 words)

	French Colonies - Equatorial Africa
		French Equatorial Africa was a former administrative grouping of four French territories in west central Africa.
		The largest country of the former French Equatorial Africa, it is bounded on the north by Libya, on the east by Sudan, on the south by the Central African Republic, on the southwest by Cameroon, and on the west by Nigeria and Niger.
		The Aozou strip, a desert area in the north inhabited by seminomadic farmers and herders, is thought to be rich in uranium; it was occupied by Libya from 1973 to 1994.
	www.discoverfrance.net /Colonies/Eq_Africa.shtml (1671 words)

	French West Africa — Infoplease.com
		French Colonial Education: Essays on Vietnam and West Africa.
		The transfer of trust: ethnicities as economic institutions in the livestock trade in West and East Africa.
		The French group Peugeot-Citroen built a total of 18,620 vehicles at five assembly plants in Africa last year.
	www.infoplease.com /ce6/history/A0819672.html (336 words)

	FRENCH WEST AFRICA (L'... - Online Information article about FRENCH WEST AFRICA (L'...
		PLATEAU (a French term, older platel, for a flat piece of wood, metal, &c., from plat, flat)
		population of French West Africa is estimated at about 13,000,000.
		borne by France, French West Africa is self-supporting.
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /FRA_GAE/FRENCH_WEST_AFRICA_LAfrique_occ.html (1230 words)

	French Rule - History - Senegal - Africa
		Under Captain Louis Faidherbe, and his successors after the mid-19th century, French control of the Wolof, Serer, and Tukolor states was forcefully extended and consolidated.
		In 1902 government headquarters was shifted to Dakar, which was also the capital of French West Africa.
		Along with French residents, the fl Africans of Saint-Louis and Goree (an island near Dakar) had elected a deputy to the French National Assembly during the period from 1848 to 1852 and again after 1871, when they were joined by the inhabitants of Dakar and Rufisque.
	www.countriesquest.com /africa/senegal/history/french_rule.htm (186 words)

	H-Net Review: Andrew F. Clark on Slavery and Colonial Rule in French West Africa (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		In the Western Sudan, the broad belt of grassland that stretches across West Africa just south of the Sahara Desert, slavery and the slave trade were common for centuries before the arrival of Europeans and the imposition of colonial rule.
		Rather than giving primarily the story of French policy and activity, Klein proposes to examine the dynamic nature of local slavery in the region over time, and changing French attitudes towards the institution, slave-owners and slaves, with particular attention to the period between 1876 and 1922.
		Given the extensive nature of the literature of slave studies in Africa, much dating from the late 1970s and 1980s, there may be a tendency to view this book as a synthesis or summation of Klein's already extensive published work on the topics, or an end to the various debates within the literature.
	www.h-net.org /reviews/showrev.cgi?path=25606923509791 (1060 words)

	CNN.com - French journalist killed in Ivory Coast - Oct. 22, 2003
		French diplomats were in a meeting late Tuesday with Ivory Coast President Laurent Gbagbo to discuss the killing, said Simon Michel, a top French Embassy official.
		French journalists bore the brunt of allegations of anti-government reporting, although such accusations and attacks had seemed to ease of late.
		Helene was an experienced journalist in former French West Africa, with time spent on assignments in several countries.
	edition.cnn.com /2003/WORLD/africa/10/21/ivory.coast.journalist.ap/index.html (440 words)

	eBay - french west africa, Europe, Paper Money World items on eBay.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		FRENCH WEST AFRICA 10 FRANCS BANKNOTE OF 1946 VG
		French-Speaking West Africa in Transition by Winslow, A
		French West Africa 1951 Vridi Canal Sc# C16 NH
	search-desc.ebay.com /search/search.dll?query=french+west+africa&... (370 words)

	French Colonies - Niger
		Niger is bounded by Algeria on the northwest, Libya on the northeast, Chad on the east, Nigeria and Benin on the south, and Burkina Faso (formerly Upper Volta) and Mali on the west.
		To the south in the Sahel, a chain of arid plateaus — the Djerma Ganda, Adar Doutchi, and Tegama — parallels the southern frontier.
		French remains the official language, although it is spoken by only a small minority.
	www.discoverfrance.net /Colonies/Niger.shtml (2218 words)

	Backpacking travel guide & tips: West Africa - Benin, Togo, Burkina Faso, The Gambia, Ghana, Mali, Senegal
		This intro is here because I felt in the case of West Africa I needed to summarise most of my impressions as a whole rather than country by country, considering how little there is to write from a mainstream traveller's point of view about each country and how reasonably similar they are.
		The real West Africa, the music, age old traditions, dances, mystique are hard to track down and for this reason planning your trip around a festival or at the very least a major market makes a big difference to your impressions.
		Mole National park is easy to get to by West Africa standards, not general standards and the extent of wildlife you see will depend on the time of year and your luck.
	www.travelindependent.info /africa-west.htm (11883 words)

	IN DEFENCE OF THE GREAT AFRICAN, KWAME NKRUMAH
		You published in, the West African Pilot of August 21, 1948, a precis of the report of the Commission of Inquiry into the disturbances in the Gold Coast last February.
		The paper described West Africa as “that strip of land with all its waterways, hills, mountains and habitations stretching from 30 degree south of the Sahara and 10 degrees west of the Congo on South of the Atlantic Ocean.
		It therefore follows that West Africa comprises all the territories which have been invaded and are temporarily occupied by foreign powers.
	www.westafricareview.com /vol3.1/uwechia3.html (825 words)

	Slavery and Colonial Rule in French West Africa - Cambridge University Press
		It investigates the changing nature of local slavery over time, and the evolving French attitudes towards it, through the phases of trade, conquest and colonial rule.
		After 1900, the French withdrew state support of slavery, and as many as a million slaves left their masters.
		French fears and the limits to an emancipation policy; 12.
	www.cambridge.org /catalogue/catalogue.asp?isbn=0521593247 (371 words)

	African Studies: West Africa
		"Sudanic Africa is an international academic journal devoted to the presentation and discussion of historical sources on the Sudanic belt, the area between the Sahara and the Bay of Niger, the Atlantic and the Indian Oceans.
		West Africa's political economy in the next millennium: retrospect and prospect.
		The West Africa Rice Development Association is an intergovernmental research association with a membership of 17 countries.
	www.columbia.edu /cu/lweb/indiv/africa/cuvl/West.html (5928 words)

	Amazon.com: The End of Empire in French West Africa: France's Successful Decolonization?: Books: Tony Chafer (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		It is, above all, an insightful and discriminating study of all the key actors and events involved in decolonisation...
		Unique West African Masks — Find west African masks at Novica other masks from around the world.
		Air Travel to West Africa — Only nonstop flights from BWI to Banjul, Gambia, west Africa.
	www.amazon.com /Empire-French-West-Africa-Decolonization/dp/1859735576 (944 words)

	Amazon.fr : Slavery and Colonial Rule in French West Africa: Livres en anglais: Martin Klein,David Anderson,Carolyn ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Using oral sources, as well as official and missionary archives, Martin Klein describes the history of slavery during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries in three former French colonies.
		He considers the impact of the Atlantic slave trade and the evolution of slavery both before the French and under their rule.
		While he discusses French policy, the main focus of the book is the constantly changing relationships between slave and master, and the attempts on the part of slaves to seek freedom, or autonomy where they remained in servitude.
	www.amazon.fr /Slavery-Colonial-Rule-French-Africa/dp/0521596785 (338 words)

	The End of Empire in French West Africa (1859735576) CHAFER - Berg Publishers
		Here, the French approach was regarded as exemplary -- that is, a smooth transition successfully managed by well intentioned French politicians and enlightened African leaders.
		Overturning this received wisdom, Chafer argues that the rapid unfurling of events after the Second World War was a complex, piecemeal and unpredictable process, resulting in a 'successful decolonization' that was achieved largely by accident.
		Tony Chafer is Principal Lecturer in French and African Studies, at the University of Portsmouth.
	www.palgrave-usa.com /catalog/product.aspx?isbn=1859735576 (776 words)

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