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Topic: French art salons and academies

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	Salon (gathering) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The salons, commonly associated with French literary and philosophical salons of the 17th century and 18th century, were carried on until quite recently in urban settings among like-minded people of a 'set': many 20th-century salons could be instanced.
		The most famous of the literary salons of Paris formed in the 1620s were the Hôtel de Rambouillet by Madame de Rambouillet and the rival salon that gathered around Madeleine de Scudéry.
		The Paris Salon was originally an officially-sanctioned exhibit of recent works of painting and sculpture by members of the Académie royale de peinture et de sculpture, starting in 1673 and soon moving from the Salon Carré of the Palace of the Louvre.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Salon_(gathering) (838 words)

	Category:Art exhibitions - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The main article for this category is Art exhibitions.
		Art exhibitions are collections of art displayed in public places.
		They are often, but not always, displayed in art galleries
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Category:Art_exhibitions (95 words)

	French Art - Architecture Of The Nineteenth Century
		Art, as I have endeavoured to show, was at first wholly dependent upon the Church ; then with the full development of the Feudal system, on the King and the great nobles ; and was found grouped in independent provincial schools.
		The revival of Decorative Art is bringing to the architect's aid the talents of the best artists in all departments, who with the splendid spirit of the sculptors and painters of the past, are ready to serve together, if thereby they can produce a whole which shall be worthy of the highest civilization.
		While the magnificent permanent Palace of Art which is to form so large a part of the Universal Exposition of 1900, will endow Paris with a fresh evidence of the high architectural attainments of her artists, and the importance of the State as a Builder.
	www.oldandsold.com /articles27n/french-art-22.shtml (6152 words)

	Educator Packet: Rules & Rebels in 19th-Century French Art (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		French artists and art students were quick to embrace the Academy's new-and stringent-curriculum.
		The connection between the Academy and the Salon lay in the Jury system-the means by which works of art were chosen for inclusion in the exhibition.
		The French Revolution of 1789 resulted in a number of changes to the Royal Academy: its jury system was abolished as a relic of the monarchy, and the Salon exhibition was democratically opened to all artists.
	www.joslyn.org /teach/packets/french/essay.html (2327 words)

	ARTS LIBRARY @ YALE
		For French Gothic, Villard de Honnecourt's (13th cent.) sketchbook should be mentioned, in which the master hopes to pass on to his successors the practical experiences of his life as an artist.
		The beginnings of modern art literature must be sought in 15th-centuryFlorence, that is in the milieu in which the new artistic concept of scientific naturalism pressed for a theoretical foundation.
		Among French rationalists and skeptics, the Abbé del Bos, who subjected the ideals of the Academy to a sharp critique, is preeminent; also Denis Diderot, whose famous accounts of the Paris Salons 1765- 67 (printed in 1798) introduce the age of journalistic art criticism.
	www.library.yale.edu /art/ehgkl1.html (5567 words)

	ART / 4 / 2DAY
		When the King was forced in 1795 to abandon the capital and abdicate the throne, Bacciarelli remained in Warsaw, maintaining overall control of artistic affairs in the city, and after the death of Stanislav II in 1798 he took control of matters relating to the King’s estate and the disposal of the royal collections.
		French artists at the Gobelins manufactory, who designed the cartoon to heighten the tapestry's impression of drama and exoticism, probably introduced other animals, such as the Indian rhinoceros and "striped horse" or zebra.
		He was a meteoric star in US art during the 1980s, exhibiting and working on projects throughout the US, Europe, and Asia, and his work became a symbol of the tribal undercurrents that permeate metropolitan life.
	h42day.0catch.com /art/art4feb/art0216.html (5275 words)

	NCAW Summer 05 \| Marjan Groot on Bing's Salon de L'Art Nouveau and the Dutch Gallery Arts and Crafts
		After studying at the Academy of Art (Academie van Beeldende Kunsten) in The Hague during the early 1880s, Thorn Prikker—like Van de Velde—had developed into a painter; he is now known as one of the early Dutch symbolists.
		The Arts and Crafts gallery's financial backer was Chris Wegerif (1859-1920), a relative of Uiterwijk, who had an architecture and construction firm in Apeldoorn, a wealthy town with a residential character (and a 17th century palace of the royal family) in the east of the Netherlands.
		Schools of applied arts and art academies had copies in their libraries, and design students were encouraged to study Japanese woodcuts and textile designs and use them for design drawings.
	www.19thc-artworldwide.org /summer_05/articles/groo.html (8764 words)

	Art & Architecture : The Architecture [Text]
		This Commission was subsequently formed from the Council of the "Society of Arts," which undertook the duty under the conditions that a grant of 25,000 pounds be appropriated from the Treasury and that, in addition, a charge proportional to the space occupied be made to all exhibitors, as had been done in Paris in 1889.
		This plan was, however, abandoned later when, in view of the great interest manifested in the project by British exhibitors of all kinds, Her [xxvi] Majesty's Government increased the grant to the Royal Commission from 25,000 lbs to 60,000 lbs on the understanding that space should be provided free to all exhibitors.
		The general decoration of this Hall of Honor was copied from that Salon des Ambassadeurs of the chateau of Versailles in which Louis XVI received, on the 20th of March, 1778, Silas Deane, Benjamin Franklin and Arthur Lee, the envoys sent by the American Congress to negotiate an alliance with France.
	columbus.iit.edu /artarch/arch.html (14570 words)

	ART / 4 / 2DAY (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		In 1795, he opened his own art academy, which was not a success, and in 1805, he became one of the founders of the Pennsylvania Academy.
		Robert went to Rome (1754), was elected to the French Academy there, and became a friend and associate of the renowned etcher of architectural subjects Giambattista Piranesi.
		Robert, a French painter of the second half of the 18th century, is known mainly for his landscapes decorated with imaginary architecture and little figures, in which happiness, reality and fiction, archaeological taste and sense of decoration are all mingled.
	7aujourdhui.ifrance.com /art/art4apr/art0415.html (13432 words)

	NGA - Picasso, The Early Years 1892-1906: Exhibition Brochure (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		This exhibition is the first comprehensive survey of Picasso's art before cubism, from the academic and realist work of his youth to his emergence as a brilliant stylist in late 1906.
		In Madrid Picasso's art was also shaped by visits to the Prado, where he studied works by Spanish old masters Velázquez and Ribera, as well as by El Greco (the latter's stylized mannerisms would soon play an important role in Picasso's work).
		Many aspiring avant-garde artists at the turn of the century moved to the French capital, where the work of post-impressionist painters Van Gogh, Cézanne, Seurat, Gauguin, and their disciples could be seen at the galleries and Salons.
	www.nga.gov /exhibitions/picbro.htm (1940 words)

	French Courses (FRE) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Spoken French in the context of French civilization.
		Introduction to French history and society from origins of France to the Fifth Republic; interrelation of socio-political developments to cultural movements in French art and thought.
		Studies in literature of French expression as represented in the distinct traditions of Africa and the West Indies, Canada and Switzerland.
	www.bulletins.wayne.edu /gbk-output/lib40.html (1654 words)

	ART / 4 / 2DAY
		Walton was a regular exhibitor from 1880 in both Glasgow, at the Institute of the Fine Arts, and Edinburgh, at the Royal Scottish Academy.
		He was elected an Associate of the Academy in 1889 and a full member in 1905, taking an active role in its affairs after moving to Edinburgh in 1904.
		He was considered the leader of the Romantic-Naturalist artists of the Barbizon School, but he also had the unhappy distinction of being known as ‘le grand refusé’, because of his systematic exclusion from the Paris Salon between 1836 and 1841 and his abstention between 1842 and 1849.
	www.safran-arts.com /42day/art/art4apr/art0415.html (12791 words)

	ART / 4 / 2DAY (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		I want to translate the life of a great city, its motion, its machinery, into an art that shall not be photographic, but expressive.' Thus in this painting the representational elements are reduced to geometrical forms and a grid of diagonally-divided squares is superimposed on the whole composition.
		His family was not against his wish to become a painter, but his independent views, criticism towards academic art and refusal to enter a decent school of art led to constant quarrels with his family.
		In 1890 he was able to purchase some property in the village of Giverny, not far from Paris, and there he began to construct a water garden (now open to the public)—a lily pond arched with a Japanese bridge and overhung with willows and clumps of bamboo.
	www.jcanu.hpg.ig.com.br /art/art4dec/art1205.html (6860 words)

	ART / 4 / 2DAY
		His art unites the vivid and detailed naturalism of a northern Italian artistic tradition with a new spaciousness and classical sense of form that reflects his study of the art of central Italy.
		The earliest reference to any such episode in art is probably to be found in an old Roman tombstone at Conisborough in Yorkshire, considered to belong to the first half of the twelfth century.
		In 1789 he became director of the Naples Academy, and from 1791 supervised the engraving of the Greek vases belonging to Sir William Hamilton which were so important in the spread of Neoclassicism.
	www.safran-arts.com /42day/art/art4feb/art0215.html (7166 words)

	Dahesh Museum of Art: Collection
		A new generation of scholars and a growing public now understand that the history of art in the 19th century was a unified one in which conservative and advanced artists interacted both in the academy and the marketplace.
		Through exhibitions and programming, the Dahesh is mapping one of the most influential periods in art history, and, by linking it to the present, we are able to deliver the pleasures of the past to an increasingly large and enthusiastic audience.
		The most important academy of the modern period, and the one upon which many others modeled their own systems of promotion, patronage, display and teaching, was the French Academy, founded in 1648.
	daheshmuseum.org /collection (820 words)

	ART / 4 / 2DAY (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Georges Seurat was a French painter who with fellow artist Paul Signac [11 Nov 1863 – 15 Aug 1935] originated the influential theory and practice of neoimpressionism.
		From 1919 he exhibited regularly at the Paris salons, becoming an accepted figure among both the Salon Cubists and the adherents of the later ‘rappel à l'ordre' that advocated a return to Classical values.
		The growing interest in Romanesque art among the circle of Henri Foçillon was reflected in the cruder colors and more direct expression of Bissière's own contemporary work, for example the Crucifixion fresco at Boïssiérettes.
	www.jcanu.hpg.ig.com.br /art/art4dec/art1202.html (3339 words)

	ART / 4 / 2DAY
		His innovations in the field of painting influenced the course of Italian art for more than a century after his death, and his scientific studies — particularly in the fields of anatomy, optics, and hydraulics — anticipated many of the developments of modern science.
		In December 1499, however, the Sforza family was driven from Milan by French forces; Leonardo left the statue unfinished (it was destroyed by French archers, who used it as a target) and he returned to Florence in 1500.
		In Milan he continued his engineering projects and worked on an equestrian figure for a monument to Gian Giacomo Trivulzio, commander of the French forces in the city; although the project was not completed, drawings and studies have been preserved.
	www.freewebtown.com /canu/art/art4apr/art0415.html (13349 words)

	Academic Art: Artists and their Works
		Academic Art is the painting and sculpture produced under the influence of the Academies in Europe and especially France, where many artists received their formal training.
		Neoclassical Art was also closely associated with the Academies.
		The term "Academic Art" is associated particularly with the French Academy and the 19th century salons at which art was submitted for display and prizes were awarded.
	www.artcyclopedia.com /history/academic-art.html (103 words)

	ART / 4 / 2DAY (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Although he was accepted four times by the Salon, he never exhibited his paintings otherwise and they remained practically unknown up to the time of an exhibition held at Durand-Ruel's gallery in 1878, the year of his death.
		Although he never made a commercial success of his art, he was appreciated by the discriminating and numbered among his friends and admirers Delacroix, Corot, Forain, and Baudelaire.
		He began to exhibit in the Salons and commercial galleries in 1936 and in 1941 was included in the exhibition “Vingt peintres de tradition française” at the Galerie Braun, which brought together many of the leading French painters of the younger generation.
	7aujourdhui.ifrance.com /art/art4feb/art0211.html (7529 words)

	French Artists @ FrenchArtShop.com (French Art Shop) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Focusing on landscapes and still lifes, "Soutine and Modern Art" places the Lithuanian-born French Expressionist painter in dialogue with artists such as...
		Under French law, that means artists whose music was being sold, along with their record companies and music publishers, would have to grant approval.
		It attracted 15 participants interpreting hits of various French artists much to the enjoyment of the capacity audience of French speakers, students, and...
	www.frenchartshop.com (697 words)

	PR: COOTM: Dahesh Museum of Art
		Its current exhibition, The Legacy of Homer: Four Centuries of Art from the École Nationale Supérieure des Beaux-Arts, Paris, explores the impact of the renowned poet Homer on the finest visual artists of the 17th-, 18th-, 19th- and 20th-century France.
		Rachel (1821-1858) was the great French actress of the mid 19th century, the first international dramatic star, who brought to life the classics of Racine and Corneille in an age of Romanticism.
		Born of a Jewish peddler family, she became the queen of the French national theater and the mother of Napoleon Bonaparte's grandson.
	www.nycvisit.com /content/index.cfm?pagePkey=1632 (1294 words)

	Internet Modern History Sourcebook: Scientific, Political & Industrial Revolution
		Voltaire (1694-1778): On The Royal Society And Other Academies from Letters on the English or Lettres Philosophiques, c.
		French Memoir: On the English Aggression, October 1750 [At American Revolution]
		The threat that lead to the onset of the French Revolutionary wars.
	www.fordham.edu /halsall/mod/modsbook2.html#revol18c (5133 words)

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