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	French colonisation of the Americas - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The French were very interested in the fur trade, and purchased fur from and formed alliances with Native American tribes, such as the Huron and Ottawa.
		French Huguenots established self-governing colonies beyond the control of the French state: for example, Huguenot refugees founded New Paltz, New York in the 1660's, part of a large Huguenot migration to the nominally Dutch New Netherlands.
		The French were able to briefly regain some of their former possessions in North America from the Spanish in 1800, during the Napoleonic Era, under the Treaty of San Ildefonse.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/French_colonization_of_the_Americas (1029 words)

	Colonial Cambodia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Cambodia's chief official during the French colonial occupation, the only person responsible to the governor general of the Indochinese Union and who was appointed directly by the Ministry of Marine and Colonies in Paris was the colonial official known as the Résident Supérieur (Resident General).
		Not long after the French first established an autonomous presense in Cambodia in 1863, the French realized their dream of Cambodia becoming the "Singapore of Indochina" was an illusion and that Cambodia had no hidden wealth.
		The French yielded: the police and the judiciary were transferred to Cambodian control at the end of August, and in October the country assumed full command of its military forces.
	www.sterlingheights.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Colonial_Cambodia (3049 words)

	AllRefer.com - French Union (French History) - Encyclopedia
		French Union, 1946–58, political entity established by the French constitution of 1946.
		It comprised metropolitan France (the 90 departments of continental France and Corsica); French overseas departments, territories, settlements, and United Nations trusteeships; French colonies, which became overseas departments of France; and associate states (protectorates), which became autonomous.
		The French Community replaced the French Union in 1958.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/F/FrenchUn.html (192 words)

	Chapter 8 Page 1
		The slave system in the colonies was regulated by a series of royal edicts, the most important of which was promulgated by Louis XIV in 1685.
		The Caribbean colonies were quick to respond to the outbreak of the Revolution in 1789.
		As the agitation in favor of granting rights to free fls and abolishing the slave trade gathered steam, the colonies became filled with uncertainty and expectations began rising, especially among the free fls and mulattos.
	chnm.gmu.edu /revolution/chap8a.html (728 words)

	Colonial Empires (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The French government believed from the start that the function of French colonies was to increase the power of the state.
		In the colonies, however, the intendants still cooperated with the governors; the system had the disadvantage of dividing responsibility for colonial affairs, and it was dropped in 1816.
		By the eighteenth century the French became the chief rivals of the English, although the struggle between the two competitors was destined to be brief.
	mars.acnet.wnec.edu /~grempel/courses/wc2/lectures/colonial.html (2240 words)

	amsettlement.html (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Since the French were so sparsely settled, and primarily trappers (and single men), lack of desire for settlement land reduced conflicts with Indians; and the largely male French trappers often intermarried with the Indians.
		One of the defining aspects of New French settlement was the ongoing battle for control between the French Jesuits and the French colonial government.
		The French colonial government was less cooperative with the church than the Spanish colonial government, and more tolerant of non-Catholic and Indian practices — some French trappers basically "went pagan" in the eyes of the church (they completely adopted Indian beliefs, customs and practices), once they married in.
	www.loyno.edu /~seduffy/amsettlement.html (2194 words)

	Woonsocket, Rhode Island - My Home Town - French Canadian Culture
		By the end of the seventeenth century, French colonies in the new world extended from the St. Lawrence River to the mouth of the Mississippi River.
		After the English defeated the French in the French-Indian War in 1763, "'la survivance" - the perpetuation of French language and culture - became a major priority for the French population in the new world.
		French was the language that they spoke and life centered on family and the Roman Catholic Church.
	www.woonsocket.org /french.html (618 words)

	France: Former colonial possessions overseas
		In the Near East, the territories under trusteeship of the French Republic consisted of the Alaouite State (Lattaquié), Alep, Hatay (Alexandretta), Lebanon, Syria and the Sanjak of Damas and the Jabel Druze (Souaida).
		Possessions of the first French Colonial Empire (until 1763) mostly used flags such as the White Cross or the Fleurdelysé flags, while the French Republic used mostly the Tricolore, and a few specific flags, such as marks of office.
		Despite the numerous and various administrative statuses of its overseas possessions (colonies, mandates, protectorates, trusteeships and other overseas territories in general...), and however large the empire, France has always considered itself together with its colonial empire as a single united political entity in which each part was only a piece of a whole.
	flagspot.net /flags/fr-colon.html (1614 words)

	french language history in france -- from latin & provencal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		French, as it is spoken today by a vast Francophone population, began to become standardized with Charlemagne's conquest of the Gauls and Franks in the 16th Century.
		French is used as the official language of 22 countries and is the co-official language of several others, including Belgium, Canada, Haiti, Madagascar, and Switzerland.
		The source of modern French (and of the other Romance languages) was a spoken, popular version of the Latin tongue that was spread abroad by conquering Roman legions – namely, in the case of French, to so-called “Transalpine Gaul” by the armies of Julius Caesar during the century that preceded the birth of Christ.
	www.alsintl.com /languages/french1.htm (853 words)

	Articles - French colonial empires (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Colonies were established in India in Chandernagore in Bengal (1673) and Pondicherry in the Southeast (1674), and later at Yanam (1723), Mahe (1725), and Karikal (1739) (see French India).
		Colonies were also founded in the Indian Ocean, on the Ãle de Bourbon (RÃ©union, 1664), Ãle de France (Mauritius, 1718), and the Seychelles (1756).
		Some recovery of the French colonial empire was made during the French intervention in the American Revolution, with Saint Lucia being returned to France by the Treaty of Paris in 1783, but not nearly as much as had been hoped for at the time of French intervention.
	www.gaple.com /articles/French_colony (2064 words)

	French colonialism left stamp collecting legacy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		French India would be in the Asia section, and France would be found in the section devoted to Europe.
		A 1c green on greenish Peace and Commerce stamp for the French colonies (Scott 24) is shown in Figure 4.
		Many French colonies used the generic stamps just as they were issued, but some wanted stamps that identified the colony by name.
	www.linns.com /howto/refresher/french_20050718/refreshercourse.asp?uID= (1537 words)

	French & Indian Wars (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The rich lands which lay between and to the west of the French settlements of Canada and the British colonies along the East Coast of North America were inevitably destined to become a battleground between the forces of these two European rivals.
		From 1754 to 1763, the British and French fought for this wilderness of huge potential in a conflict which, though part of the wider Seven Years War, has come to be known as the French and Indian War.
		French colonies in North America, isolated from France by British domination of the seas, were left mostly to their own meager resources to carry out the French and Indian War.
	www.geo.msu.edu /geo333/frenchindian_war.html (1178 words)

	French Colonial Empire - Introduction
		From its beginnings in the early 1600s through the great expansion of the late 19th century, the French overseas empire was formed more by the agencies and stimulation of the state, church, and armed forces than by the initiation of the business community.
		Foundations of a second French colonial empire were laid between 1830 and 1870, when Louis Philippe's forces penetrated Algeria and Napoleon III's seized Cochin China in Southeast Asia.
		French colonial imperialism survived World War I, but World War II led to its reorganization as the French Union, and finally to its dissolution — primarily as the result of the wars in Indochina and Algeria.
	www.discoverfrance.net /Colonies/index.shtml (648 words)

	French Colonies (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The greatest achievement of the 1848 revolution for the colonies was the abolition of slavery.
		The slave riots, particularly in the Martiniquais capital of Saint-Pierre, reached such magnitude that some historians argue that the slaves were on the verge of conquering their freedom even without the change of government or the emancipist ideas of Schoelcher in Paris.
		The policy of assimilation, which dominated French colonial administration in the 1800s, maintained French commercial monopolies and centralized political control of the overseas possessions.
	www.ohiou.edu /~Chastain/dh/frenchco.htm (1013 words)

	HistoricStamps (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		French Congo was originally a separate colony, but in 1988 it was joined to Gabon and in 1906 it ceased to exist by name, so the stamps issued run from 1981 to 1903.
		French Guinea became the Republic of Guinea in 1958.
		The colony administered the former protectorates of Anjouan, Grand Comoro, Mayotte, Diego-Suarez, Nossi-Be and Sainte- Marie de Madagascar.
	members.aol.com /rsbastamps/page7/FrenchColoniesMaster.htm (1897 words)

	Articles - French colonial empires (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The early voyages of Giovanni da Verrazano and Jacques Cartier in the early 16th century, as well as the frequent voyages of French fishermen to the Grand Banks off Newfoundland throughout that century, were the precursors to the story of France's colonial expansion.
		Early French attempts to found colonies in Brazil, in 1555 at Rio de Janeiro (the so-called France Antarctique) and in 1612 at São Luís (the so-called France Équinoxiale), and in Florida were unsuccessful, due to Portuguese and Spanish vigilance and prevention.
		Colonies were also founded in the Indian Ocean, on the Île de Bourbon (Réunion, 1664), Île Royale (Mauritius, 1718), and the Seychelles (1756).
	www.gaple.com /articles/French_colonial_empire?mySession=f0a6066c0f5c27ddc2191316a864cc86 (2046 words)

	French Colonialism in Africa
		The French king at the time, Charles X, sent his army to occupy the town of Algiers in response to the dey of Algiers striking and calling the French consul names.
		Perhaps the largest factor that influenced and increased French colonial ideals and efforts was the French defeat at the hands of Germans in the Franco-Prussian war of 1870.
		French leaders quickly adopted this, making it an "official doctrine of the French State," thereby making it an integral part of how France defined her power in the international arena.
	www.acdis.uiuc.edu /Research/OPs/Pederson/html/contents/sect3.html (871 words)

	Colonization
		The colony began to thrive with the arrival of slaves.
		From that time forward Virigina was a royal colony, or a colony directly under the control of the king.
		The Middle Colonies were not only known for their economics, but also for some of the famous people that were born and raised there.
	www.harlingen.isd.tenet.edu /coakhist/coloniz.html (2600 words)

	Coyote Blog: French vs. Anglo-American "Imperialism"
		The first thing that struck me was how long the French tried desperately to hold on to their colonial empire.
		The French, in contrast, were still involved in bloody conflicts in Indochina and Algeria to retain their empire through the late 50's and even into the early 60's.
		Of course, when judging the success of a former colony, a lot of things come into play, and certainly the freed colony must take a substantial amount of responsibility for its own success and political freedom.
	camprrm.typepad.com /coyote_blog/2004/10/french_vs_anglo.html (546 words)

	The French and Indian War Part 1: The Colonies in America
		English colonies sprang up all along the Atlantic coast, from Maine in the north to Georgia in the south.
		French settlements had to rely on soldiers hired by fur-trading companies and food from the homeland.
		Each English colony had its own assembly government, and the colonies often argued with one another over simple things.
	www.socialstudiesforkids.com /articles/ushistory/frenchandindianwar1.htm (220 words)

	Marquis de la Galissoniere, Memoir on the French Colonies in North America, December 1750 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		This is precisely the case of Canada: it cannot be denied that this Colony has been always a burthen to France, and it is probable that such will be the case for a long while; but it constitutes, at the same time, the strongest barrier that can be opposed to the ambition of the English.
		Hence `twill be seen that this superiority of the French in America is in some sort accidental, and if they neglect to maintain it, whilst the English are making every effort to destroy it, `twill pass into the hands of the latter.
		The utility of Canada is not confined to the preservation of the French Colonies, and to rendering the English apprehensive for theirs; that Colony is not less essential for the conservation of the Spanish possessions in America, especially of Mexico.
	www.ku.edu /carrie/docs/texts/galissonierre.html (456 words)

	French Colonies - Burkina Faso (formerly Upper Volta)
		French Colonies - Burkina Faso (formerly Upper Volta)
		It is bounded by Niger to the east, Mali to the north and west, and Benin, Togo, Ghana, and Ivory Coast to the south.
		France asserted control over the area in the 1890s, dividing it among other French colonies and reconstituting it within its present borders from 1919 to 1932 and again from 1947.
	www.discoverfrance.net /Colonies/Burkina_Faso.shtml (1959 words)

	French
		While 30% of French citizens speak English, according to a recent Eurobarometer study, speaking a language is quite different from surfing in it.
		French car manufacturer Peugeot- Citroen recently announced that it is considering joining Internet portals set up by the global car industry for the purchase of raw materials, parts, and so on.
		French consumers, like their US counterparts, seem to be hooked on online auctions.
	glreach.com /gbc/fr/french.php3 (1462 words)

	An English Lady in the French Colonies: Gabrielle Vassal, Part I
		During the nineteenth and twentieth centuries many British and French men and women traveled to European colonies in Africa, Asia and elsewhere and published accounts of their experiences.
		Finally, although several writers had harsh opinions about some aspects of European colonialism, by and large, they were unwavering supporters of imperialism, and helped to foster imperialist sentiment among the general reading public.
		Unlike these men, who were often ex-colonial officials, army officers, government officials, or those who had business concerns involving the colonies, women often did not have much of a vested interest in the imperial project.
	www.suite101.com /article.cfm/british_history/30959 (596 words)

	The French Colonies (from America, discovery and colonization of) -- Britannica Student Encyclopedia
		More results on "The French Colonies (from America, discovery and colonization of)" when you join.
		The French overseas département (administrative district) lies between Brazil and Suriname on the northeastern coast of South America.
		English colony in what is now North Carolina that disappeared in 1591; the Croatan Indians in North Carolina claim to be descendants of an American Indian tribe and the colonists who joined and intermarried with them; thus an explanation is given for the physical characteristics and occasional English names of the Croatans
	www.britannica.com /ebi/article-196273?tocId=196273 (1031 words)

	Analysis
		The French CEA was the governing agency that not only brought civilian uses of nuclear energy to France, but also allowed France to develop military uses of nuclear energy.
		Perhaps the most binding creation between the French and her former colonies was the establishment of the Franc Zone.
		So in this special case, the fact that the French were facing their own political crisis and the fact that by the time it was over the new government in Niger had become trusted in France was the cause for the lack of deployment of French troops to overturn the coup in Niger in 1974.
	www.acdis.uiuc.edu /Research/OPs/Pederson/html/contents/sect11.html (2184 words)

	HOW NEWSPAPERS COVERED THE FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR - The Early America Review, Spring 1997
		Directly involved, especially on the side of the French, were Native Americans from the St. Lawrence River to the Mississippi River delta,* and the true danger of the French and Indian organization against the British colonists was quickly brought into focus by the publication of George Washington's Journal.
		Letters from colonial militia members that appeared in newspapers kept readers apprised of Braddock's progress toward the French Fort Duquesne at the meeting of the Allegheny, Monongahela, and Ohio rivers.* But Braddock's troops were routed by the French and Indians, and Braddock killed.
		Because the English controlled the territory between their advancing armies and the main colonial ports, news of the invasion of Canada appeared weekly, despite the fact that a writer to the Boston Gazette claimed, "it will be very difficult for a weekly news writer to keep pace" with the advancing army.
	earlyamerica.com /review/spring97/newspapers.html (7763 words)

	French Colonies - Algeria
		Berber dialects are used by the Kabyle east of Algiers, the Shawia of the Aurès Mountains, the M'zabis (Mozabites) centered in the oasis city of Ghardaïa (see M'Zab Valley), and the Tuareg in the deep Sahara.
		French remains an important language, although English officially became the major foreign language taught in universities in 1996.
		Primary classes are taught in Arabic, but controversies over Arabization have kept French important in higher education, especially in vocational and technical training.
	www.discoverfrance.net /Colonies/Algeria.shtml (1109 words)

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