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Topic: French constitution

	PUREPOLITICS.COM - The French Constitution "Have Fun"
		The French people solemnly proclaim their attachment to the Rights of Man and the principles of national sovereignty as defined by the Declaration of 1789, confirmed and complemented by the Preamble to the Constitution of 1946.
		All cases shall be referred to the Constitutional Council in the manner laid down in the second paragraph of article 61 or in that laid down for the presentation of candidates in the institutional Act provided for in article 6.
		Neither articles 49 and 50 nor article 89 of the Constitution shall be implemented during the vacancy of the Presidency of the Republic or during the period between the declaration that the incapacity of the President of the Republic is permanent and the election of his successor.
	www.purepolitics.com /edu/fdocs/france.htm (5909 words)

	French Constitution of 1791 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The short-lived French Constitution of 1791, adopted by the National Constituent Assembly during the period now known as the French Revolution, went into effect in September 1791 but, due to a series of constitutional crises, had effectively ceased to function as a national constitution by August 1792.
		The constitution dissolved in a chaos of forces, with the radical and even terroristic Paris Commune, the municipal government of Paris, holding the balance of power in the country until the beginning of the Convention on October 1, 1792.
		For provisions of this constitution, see the discussions of constitutional issues in French Revolution from the abolition of feudalism to the Civil Constitution of the Clergy and French Revolution from the summer of 1790 to the establishment of the Legislative Assembly.
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/french_constitution_of_1791 (289 words)

	EUPolitix.com - Crunch time for French EU constitution vote (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		A French ‘non’ to the EU constitution may be a step closer if the country’s former prime minister Laurent Fabius calls for centre-left opposition in a 2005 referendum.
		French socialists are debating a future national referendum on an EU constitution and two French MEPs are campaigning for a ‘non’ vote.
		French socialists are split on the issue: one camp argues that the deal is the best possible and opposition will damage the EU – a stance backed by the centre-left’s leader Francois Hollande.
	www.eupolitix.com /EN/News/200409/ca18c34e-532a-4833-a94c-cd57be46de62.htm (610 words)

	LLRX.com - Researching French Law (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Stéphane Cottin is the chief registrar of the Constitutional Council of France.
		The French Republic (la République Française) is ruled by the Constitution of the Fifth Republic (October 4th, 1958).
		French legislation is officially published (paper) in the Journal officiel (official gazette) and in several official bulletins.
	www.llrx.com /features/french.htm (1724 words)

	LLRX.com - Germain's French Law Guide (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The current one is the Gaullist Constitution of 1958, adopted by the Referendum of September 28, 1958 and promulgated on October 4, 1958.
		A recent development is the constitutionalization of French law, and a developing body of case law from the Conseil constitutionnel since 1971.
		French Embassy in Washington D.C. Run by the French embassy in Washington, D.C., is a good starting point for English speakers to find information about the French government, trade and investment.
	www.llrx.com /features/frenchlaw.htm (5908 words)

	UWO French Club Constitution (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		This constitution was revised and approved by unanimous consent March 2000.
		The primary goal of the club is to provide access to the French speaking world, its art, cultures, language, literature, and societies to all fellow University of Wisconsin Oshkosh students.
		The French Club is committed to multi-cultural educational experiences and works cooperatively with other clubs and organizations toward this purpose.
	www.uwosh.edu /organizations/french/constitution.html (544 words)

	ICL - France Index
		There are numerous amendments to the text of the Constitution that have not yet been included into the ICL edition: firstly, the amendments of 1993 and those adopted by the Congress, i.e., the National Assembly and the Senate in joint Session, in Versailles on 26 July 1995.
		In 1999, Articles 88 (2) and (4) of the Constitution have been modified the Constitutional Law 999-49 of 25 Jan 1999, published in the Official Journal No. 21 of 26 Jan 1999 at page 1343.
		In 2003, both chambers of parliament, united as congress in Versailles and with the necessary 3/5th majority, changed the first article of the 1958 constitution to declare the structure of state to become "decentralized".
	www.oefre.unibe.ch /law/icl/fr__indx.html (413 words)

	CONSTITUTIONof October 4, 1958
		Guadeloupe, Guyane, Martinique, Réunion, Mayotte, Saint-Pierre-et-Miquelon, the Wallis and Futuna Islands and French Polynesia shall be governed by article 73 for the overseas departments and regions and for the territorial units established by virtue of the final paragraph of article 73, and by article 74 for the other units.
		The powers to be conferred pursuant to the second and third paragraphs shall be decided on at the request of the relevant territorial unit in the conditions and subject to the reservations provided for by an institutional act.
		However, a government bill to amend the Constitution shall not be submitted to referendum where the President of the Republic decides to submit it to Parliament convened in Congress ; the government bill to amend the Constitution shall then be approved only if it is adopted by a three-fifths majority of the votes cast.
	www.assemblee-nationale.fr /english/8ab.asp (7961 words)

	Living in the Languedoc: Central Government: The Secular Priciple in the French Constitution
		It first made its appearance in the Constitution of the Fourth Republic (October 1946) and this was confirmed, twelve years later, with the inauguration of the Fifth Republic.
		In the French context, marked by the religious monopoly imposed by Catholicism (following the 1685 revocation of the Edict of Nantes) and, concomitantly, the denunciation of "religious fanaticism" by Enlightenment philosophy, things were bound to be different.
		French society is thus officially a religiously pluralist society.
	www.languedoc-france.info /061415_secular.htm (3620 words)

	USS Constitution's Battle Record
		By the end of the eighteenth century, French privateers were seizing merchant vessels bound for England in an attempt to injure the trade of their enemy.
		The Quasi War between the French and the Americans was waged from 1797 to 1801 in the Atlantic and the West Indies.
		The capture of the Sandwich in port by the crew of Constitution is an especially daring exploit of this quasi-war.
	www.history.navy.mil /docs/war1812/const1.htm (753 words)

	CBC News: EU leaders to push constitution despite French rejection
		PARIS - French voters have rejected the European Union's new constitution, but EU leaders are vowing they'll continue efforts to have the charter approved by other countries.
		French President Jacques Chirac, who had urged voters to support the constitution in Sunday's binding referendum, made a brief televised appearance after the last polls closed to announce the result.
		The French government, led by Chirac and Prime Minister Jean-Pierre Raffarin, supports it, while parts of both the right and left are opposed.
	www.cbc.ca /story/world/national/2005/05/29/france-eu050529.html?ref=rss (636 words)

	French Revolution
		Louis XVI was sentenced to the guillotined on January 21, 1793, in Paris.
		The next year, in 1791, the Constitution of 1791 was adopted.
		The French had finally achieved their goal in reforming their country and destroying the monarchy.
	www.angelfire.com /va/frenchrev/revolution.html (382 words)

	UW Platteville French Club Constitution
		French Club will give members a relaxed environment in which to practice speaking French outside of the formal classroom as well as provide the opportunity for members to participate in cultural events.
		Be a person with a good working knowledge of the French language, who is a faculty or staff member or be approved by the office of the Assistant Chancellor for Student Affairs.
		If the voting members of French Club believe that an Executive Officer is not fulfilling his or her duties to the best of his or her abilities, they can move for impeachment.
	www.uwplatt.edu /org/frenchclub/constitution.html (1198 words)

	Excerpts from The French Constitution
		Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen Adopted by the National Assembly during the French Revolution on August 26, 1789 and reaffirmed by the Constitution of 1958.
		Constitution of the French Republic of October 27, 1954
		Any individual who, because of his or her age, his or her physical or mental condition, or because of the economic situation, shall find himself or herself unable to work shall have the right to obtain from the community the means for a decent existence.
	www.leftjustified.com /leftjust/lib/sc/ht/wtp/france.html (1074 words)

	Poland loses taste for EU constitution after French, Dutch reject it - EUbusiness (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Before voters in the two founder-member states of the EU rejected the constitution, followed closely by a British decision to put its referendum on the treaty on hold, it was "considered politically incorrect in Poland to reject the treaty," Czesnik said.
		Before the French and Dutch came out strongly against the constitution -- with 55 percent voting against it in France and around 62 percent in the Netherlands -- many Poles directly associated the document with EU enlargement and integration, Czesnik said.
		The constitution has already been accepted by EU governments but must be ratified by referendum or parliamentary vote in all 25 member countries.
	www.eubusiness.com /Institutions/050608082239.mesramxt/view (623 words)

	AllRefer.com - French Union (French History) - Encyclopedia
		French Union, 1946–58, political entity established by the French constitution of 1946.
		It comprised metropolitan France (the 90 departments of continental France and Corsica); French overseas departments, territories, settlements, and United Nations trusteeships; French colonies, which became overseas departments of France; and associate states (protectorates), which became autonomous.
		The French Community replaced the French Union in 1958.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/F/FrenchUn.html (192 words)

	What the National Assembly did to the French Constitution.
		As, in the end, all the members of this elective constitution are equally fugitive, and exist only for the election, they may be no longer the same persons who had chosen him, to whom he is to be responsible when he solicits for a renewal of his trust.
		Passing from the civil creating and the civil cementing principles of this constitution, to the National Assembly, which is to appear and act as sovereign, we see a body in its constitution with every possible power, and no possible external control.
		Of this there are no traces in your constitution; and, in providing nothing of this kind, your Solons and Numas have, as much as in anything else, discovered a sovereign incapacity.
	www.ourdecline.com /burke/cnstttn.htm (7940 words)

	French Reject EU Constitution, Gov't Says
		French voters rejected the European Union's first constitution Sunday, early government results showed — a stinging repudiation of the ambitious, decades-long effort to further unite the continent.
		EU officials had said that even if France rejected the treaty, efforts to ratify it in other countries would proceed, and they have been vague on whether the treaty might be somehow renegotiated or submitted to a repeat vote.
		Backers said the constitution, which European leaders signed in October, would streamline EU operations and decision-making, and make the bloc more accessible to its 450 million citizens.
	www.sfgate.com /cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/n/a/2005/05/29/international/i132033D95.DTL (349 words)

	Constitution du 27 octobre 1946 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Si la loi est jugée conforme aux dispositions des titres Ier à X de la présente Constitution, elle est promulguée dans le délai prévu à l'article 36, celui-ci étant prolongé de la durée des délais prévus à l'article 92 ci-dessus.
		Le bureau de l'Assemblée nationale constituante est chargé de préparer la réunion des assemblées instituées par la présente Constitution et, notamment, de leur assurer, dès avant la réunion de leurs bureaux respectifs, les locaux et les moyens administratifs nécessaires à leur fonctionnement.
		La présente Constitution, délibérée et adoptée par l'Assemblée nationale constituante, approuvée par le peuple français, sera exécutée comme loi de l'Etat".
	www.justice.gouv.fr /textfond/ction46.htm (6140 words)

	EU Constitution Splits French Socialist Party
		A bitter internal struggle in the French Socialist party over whether to support the European constitution has caused chaos in the party and could wreck the treaty itself.
		A copy of the constitution has been sent to every party member at a cost of €65,000 (£45,500), and stickers and T-shirts have been printed by the thousand.
		Mr Fabius's camp rejects the allegations, saying it is against the constitution because it would impose a liberal, free-market model, at odds with the values of the party.
	www.buzzle.com /editorials/11-25-2004-62156.asp (525 words)

	CBC News: EU leaders to push constitution despite French rejection
		The treaty, which defines the EU's role and relationship with member countries, has already been approved by nine countries, although France was the first to put it to a binding referendum.
		Experts had said that a rejection by France, a European leader and key EU backer, could be the end of the constitution.
		Polls taken before the French vote suggested it would be defeated, but a fifth of the 42 million eligible voters were undecided, and backers were hoping those people would tip the balance.
	www.cbc.ca /story/world/national/2005/05/29/france-eu050529.html (636 words)

	The Constitution of the French Republic Adopted November 4, 1848 by Karl Marx (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The Constitution of the French Republic Adopted November 4, 1848
		The president must swear fealty to the constitution, may submit propositions to the assembly, through his ministers, can dispose of the army, without commanding it in person, is not allowed to cede any portion of the French territory, nor to dissolve or prorogue the assembly, neither may he suspend the authority of the constitution.
		Napoleon cannot be re-elected, without an open breach of the constitution for 1stly, he cannot be re-elected until after a period of four years from the expiration of his term of office; and, 2ndly, the constitution cannot be revised except by a majority of two-thirds.
	www.marxists.org /archive/marx/works/1851/06/14.htm (4558 words)

	FRANCE - THE CONSTITUTION (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Ceux de ces textes qui interviendraient après l'entrée en vigueur de la présente Constitution ne pourront être modifiés par décret que si le Conseil constitutionnel a déclaré qu'ils ont un caractère réglementaire en vertu de l'alinéa précédent.
		L'initiative de la révision de la Constitution appartient concurremment au Président de la République sur proposition du Premier ministre et aux membres du Parlement.
		Jusqu'à sa constitution définitive, le Sénat est formé par les membres en fonction du Conseil de la République.
	www.solon.org /Constitutions/France/French/cons58.html (6255 words)

	French Club Constitution
		To further the study of French language and cultures of French speaking countries.
		Knowledge of the French language is not a requirement.
		This constitution may be amended at any general or called meeting by two-thirds of voting members present and in the presence of two-thirds of the Board.
	www.frenchclub-mcallen.org /constitution.html (908 words)

	More Information on French 1958 Constitution
		The drafters of the French 1958 Constitution did not attempt to enumerate fundamental rights, both for philosophical reasons and because of the political difficulties involved in achieving consensus on any comprehensive catalog of rights.
		The drafters of the 1958 Constitution may have placed this language in the Preamble in order to deny full legal effect to the rights enumerated in the Declaration and the 1946 Constitution.
		However, the French Conseil Constitutionnel, which had been established by the 1958 Constitution to exercise limited judicial review of acts of Parliament, altered this presumption through its caselaw.
	www.hrcr.org /chart/annotations&references/France.html (355 words)

	French Union on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		1946-58, political entity established by the French constitution of 1946.
		Rugby Union: Secret to us is to get their beating French fans on the boos SAYS Kenny Logan.(Sport)
		French voters turn against `capitalist' EU constitution.(Foreign News)
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/F/FrenchU1n.asp (414 words)

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