
	Where results make sense

Topic: French phonology and orthography

Related Topics

French pronunciation

Quebec French

Quebecois French

Quebec French profanity

Allophone

Michif

SAMPA chart for English

Eastern Ontario

Charles Colson

In the News (Tue 15 Dec 09)

Northern Trust

Marvin Harrison

Peter Chernin

Gary Locke

Match Play

Penelope Cruz

Mickey Rourke

AR Rahman

Danny Boyle

Hugh Jackman

	The Ultimate French language - American History Information Guide and Reference
		The earliest extant text in French is the Oath of Strasbourg from 842; Old French became a literary language with the chansons de geste that told tales of the paladins of Charlemagne and the heroes of the Crusades.
		From the 17th to the 19th centuries, French was the lingua franca of educated Europe, especially with regards to the arts and literature, and monarchs such as Frederick II of Prussia and Catherine the Great of Russia could both speak and write in French.
		French is an official language of New Brunswick, the Yukon Territory, the Northwest Territories, and Nunavut.
	www.historymania.com /american_history/French_language (3486 words)

	quebec french - Article and Reference from OnPedia.com
		Although Quebec French is sometimes thought of as an almost exclusively non-standard variant, and certain aspects of it are sociolinguistically stigmatized, most aspects of Quebec French that distinguish it from the French of France are found throughout the different registers of speech and writing, including standard and formal usage.
		Quebec French was once stigmatized, among Quebecers themselves as well as among Continental French and foreigners, as a low-class dialect, sometimes due to its use of anglicisms, sometimes simply due to its differences from "standard" European French.
		In the French of France, people favour oi in the three persons of the singular as well as in the 3rd person of the plural ("je m'assois", "ils s'assoient"), but ey is favoured in the 1st and 2nd persons of the plural ("nous nous asseyons" "vous vous asseyez").
	www.onpedia.com /encyclopedia/Quebec-French (3974 words)

	French phonology - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		French phonology displays variation due to regional dialects.
		Quebec French and some varieties of Belgian French have the lax vowel [ɪ] when it is short and in a closed syllable.
		The velar nasal is not a native phoneme of French, but occurs in loan words such as parking or camping.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/French_phonology_and_orthography (1113 words)

	Top 20 French
		French (French: franÃ§ais) is the third of the Romance languages in terms of number of speakers, after Spanish and Portuguese.
		In 2000 French was the 9th most spoken language in the world, being spoken by about 115 million people (called francophones) as a mother tongue or language of daily use, and by 180 million total including second language speakers.
		French has been the only official language of Quebec since 1974, although it is commonly (and incorrectly) believed that the designation of French as the sole official language occurred in 1977 with the adoption of the Charter of the French Language (which is popularly referred to as Bill 101).
	top20french.com (3852 words)

	LinguaLinks Subject Index
		Bernard 1973: Otomi phonology and orthography (in Bibliography (Literacy))
		Marlett 1980: Phonology, orthography, and diacritics (in Bibliography (Literacy))
		Wiesemann 1982: The phonology and orthography of Tupuri (in Bibliography (Literacy))
	www.ethnologue.com /ll_docs/index/Orthography(Literacy).asp (3040 words)

	Language Log: The Truth About French
		His remarks on French, focus on syntax and semantics, all but omitting phonology, phonetics and orthography.
		French is nothing but Latin (a gawky language to start with) in an advanced stage of putresence.
		English may fairly be criticized for the vagaries of its orthography, only the criticism comes ill from the speakers of a dialect in which, where eaux is written, no e is sounded, no a, no u, and least of all an x, but only o.
	itre.cis.upenn.edu /~myl/languagelog/archives/002506.html (506 words)

	French language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		French (''français'', spelled françois until 1835, both pronounced in standard French, but often heard pronounced), or French language (''langue française'', formerly langue françoise, both pronounced), is the third of the Romance languages in terms of number of speakers, outnumbered by Spanish and Portuguese.
		Per the Constitution of France, French is the official language of the Republic since 1958.
		The French words which have developed from Latin are usually less recognisable than Italian words of Latin origin because as French developed into a separate language from Vulgar Latin, the unstressed Final syllable of many words was dropped or elided into the Following word.
	french-language.iqnaut.net (3167 words)

	Xerox Arabic Morphology: Romanization
		A single language may have multiple orthographies in reasonably common use (at least three separate orthographies, all romanizations, have been proposed and used for Aymará; and Serbian and Croation are essentially the same language, with two different orthographies).
		Orthographies can change, through evolution or cultural revolution: up until the 1920s Turkish was written using Arabic letters and conventions; since then it has been written in a Roman orthography.
		The character distinctions of English orthography are reflected faithfully (and reversibly) in the ASCII encodings themselves, but some of the facts of English orthography are relegated to the Rendering Program, in particular the fact that English is rendered from left to right.
	www.cis.upenn.edu /~cis639/arabic/info/romanization.html (2193 words)

	French language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		French (''français'', spelled françois until 1835, both pronounced in standard French, but often heard pronounced), or French language (''langue française'', formerly langue françoise, both pronounced), is the third of the Romance languages in terms of number of speakers, after Spanish and Portuguese.
		There is some debate in today's France about the preservation of the French language and the influence of English (see franglais), especially with regard to international business, the sciences and popular culture.
		Also, there are some French speakers in Lebanon, Cambodia, Egypt, India (Pondicherry), Italy (Aosta Valley), Laos, Mauritania, United Kingdom (Channel Islands), United States of America (mainly Louisiana and the New England region) and Vietnam, Russia, and the Czech Republic.
	french-language.mindbit.com (3185 words)

	sociology - French language
		France mandates the use of French in official government publications, public education outside of specific cases (though these dispositions are often ignored) and legal contracts; advertisements must bear a translation of foreign words.
		Formal French is used is in writing or in formal occasions (when people make official speeches or when they are interviewed on television for instance).
		Formal French is also normally used in classrooms in France, although colloquial French is now spoken by more and more professors with their students.
	www.aboutsociology.com /sociology/French_language (3479 words)

	Untitled Document (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Girona was besieged by the French and defended by its inhabitants under the direction of general and military governor Mariano Álvarez de Castro.
		The French finally took the city December 10, 1809, after many deaths on both sides from hunger, epidemics, and cold; Álvarez de Castro died in prison one month later.
		French dominion in parts of Catalonia lasted until 1814, when the British General Wellington signed the armistice by which the French left Barcelona and the other strongholds that they had managed to keep until the last.
	www.catalunyacafe.eu (5135 words)

	[No title]
		French linguistics courses, focused as they are on understanding the structure of the language, generally draw substantial number of majors and minors.
		They should be able to phonetically transcribe French with the aim of describing and understanding the relationship between French spelling and pronunciation.
		The awareness of these differences is particularly relevant for teachers and it should help the French Education students to anticipate the likely issues that they will need to address with their own future students.
	www.schreyerinstitute.psu.edu /pdf/french417.doc (935 words)

	SIL Bibliography: Orthography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Mfonyam, Joseph N. Tone in orthography: The case of Bafut and related languages.
		Orthography and phonology database: highlands and Papuan regions.
		Orthography and phonology database: Islands and Momase regions.
	www.ethnologue.com /show_subject.asp?code=ORT (1609 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		By all accounts, at least in languages such as English and French where the mapping between orthography and phonology is complex, an entirely satisfactory solution of multimedia input and output is still some years away.
		Stress in French is a complex phenomenon whose physical instantiations may include syllable length, intensity, and pitch.
		French is a fixed stress language in that the last syllable of the syntactic unit (typically the clause) receives stress, while all preceding syllables are unstressed.
	www.cs.queensu.ca /CompLing/oralfrench.html (2039 words)

	Orthography-Phonology Mapping in English and French
		In this regard, the English orthography is often claimed to provide a more ambiguous instance of mapping than the French orthography.
		First, for both English and French, the number of different bodies was slightly larger than the number of different leads, whereas the opposite pattern appears for rimes and leads.
		Finally, English and French are characterized by a weak phonology-to-orthography consistency that did not vary as a function of the units considered in the analyses.
	student.vub.ac.be /~acontent/OPMapping.html (1666 words)

	Shadow
		Their analysis assumes that (1) a reader need read only for meaning and not for sound, (2) an orthography based on their underlying phonological representations would not be exceptionally difficult to learn, and (3) there is no direct link between the phonetic aspect of a lexical item and its meaning.
		This paper argues that none of these assumptions is warranted and that an orthography based on a broad phonetic representation is to be preferred.
		An SPR-based orthography has advantages which a UPR-based orthography would not: it is easy to learn and teach; it can be learned at an early age; and it permits rapid detection of rhyme.
	www.garyfeng.com /wordpress/index.php?tag=orthography (1471 words)

	CV
		Phonetically-driven epenthesis asymmetries in French and Spanish obstruent-liquid clusters.
		Perceptually-driven deletion and the positive role of orthography in L2 phonological acquisition.
		Voicing-dependent cluster simplification asymmetries in Spanish and French.
	www.chass.utoronto.ca /~jsteele/cv.htm (1324 words)

	History of French Language
		otable in phonology was the loss of opposition between Latin long and short vowels, the voicing of intervocalic voiceless consonants, and in some languages the loss of syllable- and word-final s.
		French-based Creole is found in Haiti, Mauritius, the French Overseas Departments of Guadeloupe, Martinique, Reunion, and Guyana, in Dominica and St. Lucia, and, although disappearing, in various British-influenced Caribbean islands and in southwestern Louisiana.
		Laura K. Lawless, an adult-education French teacher and freelance translator currently pursuing a Master's degree in French, is your Guide to French Language at About.com, providing a host of helpful articles and links.
	www.discoverfrance.net /France/Language/DF_language.shtml (1955 words)

	Syllable Parsing (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		French is often described as an 'open syllable' language, because most words can be divided into Consonant Cluster-Vowel (CV) syllables, with no closing consonants.
		Fortunately, French has very regular orthography, so the pronunciation of a word can usually be deduced from its spelling.
		The grid of the French syllable, by M. van Oostendorp, In: Linguistics in the Netherlands 1992, R. Bok-Bennema and R. van Hout (eds.).
	www-personal.umich.edu /~jlawler/ask/syllables.html (403 words)

	WHAT IS PHONOLOGY
		It would be pointless for me to ask of you to turn off your knowledge of English orthography as you enter into the arena of phonology, for we can no sooner turn off that knowledge than we could turn off our ability to maintain our balance as we walk down the sidewalk.
		Phonologists, the people who study phonologies, have given a name to the sound which we shall explore: they refer to it as a flap, and it differs from the sound that begins the word in tea, which is a stop, for it truly stops the flow of air through the mouth for a brief period.
		This notion lies at the heart of phonology, and various names have been given to it, each name carrying with it a great deal of intellectual baggage; of these, the most common are phoneme and underlying segment.
	humanities.uchicago.edu /faculty/goldsmith/phono1/Flaps.html (7183 words)

	LINGUIST List 2.204: Comparatives, Schools, Orthographies, Glottal Stop
		I agree that orthography may the >perceptions of literate speakers, but orthography may not change to keep up >with phonological change.
		Yes and no. Obviously, a standardized orthography seldom changes, whereas phonology is in constant flux.
		The spelling rules that exist for current modern Russian would be very difficult to explain if Russian phonology were as Lightner proposed in the 60's or as Lunt seemed to propose in the 1978 article.
	www.ling.ed.ac.uk /linguist/issues/2/2-204.html (631 words)

	Open Directory - Reference: Dictionaries: World Languages: Multilingual
		Comparative Vocabulary: English, French, Spanish - Similar nouns, adjectives and adverbs grouped under their endings.
		Project for the Documentation of the Languages of Mesoamerica (PDLMA) - Lexicon, phonology, and morphosyntax of selected Mije-Sokean languages: Oluta and San Miguel Chimalapa Soke.
		Sakhr Dictionary - Multidirectional lookup of Arabic, English, and French terms, with Arabic as a primary index.
	dmoz.org /Reference/Dictionaries/World_Languages/Multilingual (1146 words)

	Proto-Indo-European Phonology. Chapter 3: The Laryngeal Theory
		Such a statement can be made on the basis of the analysis of the changes in the IE vowel system, especially with the clarified form of that system which the laryngeal theory provides.
		Before we can use Hittite variation in orthography with full certainty in support of one or other forms of the laryngeal theory, this and other orthographical problems must be solved from Hittite phonological evidence.
		On the basis of the various studies in PIE phonology in connection with the laryngeal theory, it is clear that we must assume a phonemic system of PIE with laryngeals (see 3.5B) or reflexes of laryngeals (see 3.5C).
	www.utexas.edu /cola/centers/lrc/books/piep03.html (4880 words)

	Craig Olinsky - February 2002
		Nor is it necessarily related to one's education, the size of one's vocabulary in a language, or even the hesitancy with which one speaks.
		The speaker herself obviously has her own particular accent and dialect [I'm intentionally going to be conflating "Accent" and "Dialect" for the time being, but I'll separate them later when necessary...], and thus the Synthesized speech will necessarily share the accent which is evident in the segmented units of speech.
		Of course, this will still sound like a foreigner speaking French: some sounds, for instance, the French /r/, are simply not captured by the English voice we have recorded.
	www-2.cs.cmu.edu /~colinsky/main.htm (2640 words)

	Turkish orthography, phonology, semantics, linguistics
		However, modern Turkish language borrowed from French, Russian, Arabic, and English language extensively.
		The modern Turkish orthography reflects the sounds in spoken language in a totally transparent representation.
		The Turkish orthography contains 25,000 distinct lexemes (dictionary headwords), 11,500 etymologies, 17,500 morphological roots, and 4,900 place names.
	www.turkishlanguagetranslator.com /turkish_orthography.htm (240 words)

	The Sounds of French - Cambridge University Press (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		It also explains how certain properties of the French sound system came about as the language changed over time, and it includes an examination of the relationship between French spelling and French pronunciation.
		Although focusing on the pronunciation of standard French, different pronunciations in other varieties of French (Québec French, Southern French, etc.) are also considered.
		Overall the book stands as a multifaceted introduction to French sounds, drawing for its account on contrastive analysis, general phonetics, traditional knowledge and modern developments in phonology, historical linguistics, and orthography.
	www.cup.cam.ac.uk /catalogue/catalogue.asp?isbn=0521304431 (232 words)

Try your search on: Qwika (all wikis)