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Topic: French presidential election, 1988

	French presidential election, 2002 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		This election came as a shock to many commentators, almost all of whom had expected the second ballot to be between Jacques Chirac and Lionel Jospin.
		The election brought the two-round voting system into question as well as raising many concerns about apathy and the way in which the left had become so divided.
		In the months before the election, the campaign had increasingly focused on questions of law and order, with a particular attention towards crime committed by the youth, especially the youth of foreign origin.
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/French_presidential_election,_2002 (329 words)

	Encyclopedia: U.S. presidential election, 1996 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The U.S. presidential election of 1996 was a contest between incumbent President Bill Clinton and Senator Bob Dole of Kansas.
		The election of 1792 was the second presidential election in the United States, and the first in which each of the original 13 states appointed electors.
		Presidential electoral votes by state The U.S. presidential election of 2008 is scheduled to occur on November 4, 2008.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/U.S.-presidential-election,-1996 (4713 words)

	President of the French Republic - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The President of the French Republic (Président de la République française in French), coloquially referred to as President of France, is France's elected Head of State and also the ex officio Co-Prince of Andorra.
		Although it is the prime minister and parliament that oversee much of the nation's actual lawmaking, the French President has a sizeable influence, both formally and due to constitutional convention.
		The method of French presidential elections is run-off voting which ensures the elected President always obtains a majority of the vote.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/President_of_France (1629 words)

	President of France
		The President of France, known officially as the President of the Republic (Président de la République in French), is France's elected Head of State.
		However, since only the French National Assembly has the power to dismiss the Prime Minister's gouvernement, the president is forced to name a prime minister that is agreeable to the majority of this assembly.
		There is a tradition of so-called "presidential amnesties", which are somewhat of a misnomer: after the election of a president, and of a National Assembly of the same party, parliament votes a law granting amnesty for some petty crimes.
	www.arikah.net /encyclopedia/French_Presidents (1605 words)

	Jacques Chirac - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		By an astute move he secured his election as secretary-general of the Gaullist UDR in the face of potential opposition from the party "barons" and soon afterwards consolidated his hold over the majority by easily defeating an opposition motion of censure.
		Chirac ran against sitting president Giscard in the presidential election, thus splitting the center-right vote; both Chirac and Giscard were defeated by Socialist François Mitterrand.
		The French president, by a constitutional convention, only controls foreign and military policy—and even then, allocation of funding is under the control of Parliament and under the significant influence of the prime minister.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Jacques_Chirac (3535 words)

	Encyclopedia: Iranian presidential election, 2005 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Iranian presidential election of July 1981 took place on July 24, 1981 after the previous Iranian president, Abolhassan Banisadr, was sacked by the Majlis on June 21 and then by the Supreme Leader, Ayatollah Khomeini, on June 22.
		The first round of the election was a very close race with minor differences in the number of votes won by each candidate which led to a run-off a week later with Ahmadinezhad and ex-president Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani participating.
		Before the run-off took place, it was compared to the 2002 French presidential election, where the splintering of the left-wing vote similarly led to a run-off between the moderate Jacques Chirac and the far-right Jean-Marie Le Pen.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Iranian-presidential-election,-2005 (7359 words)

	CNN.com - Chirac landslide against Le Pen - May 6, 2002
		Jacques Chirac claimed the largest margin of victory ever in the French presidential election as he defeated far-right candidate Jean-Marie Le Pen in a landslide.
		French observers are now looking forward parliamentary elections and to seeing what impact the Le Pen phenomenon will have.
		Those elections, held in two rounds on June 9 and 16, will determine the colour of the next government and may end the former "cohabitation" between a conservative president and a socialist prime minister.
	www.cnn.com /2002/WORLD/europe/05/05/france.win/index.html (908 words)

	The institute said that, while the percentage of immigrants in the population has not changed in 20 years, their ...
		The French Senate approved the first reading of the measure by a vote of 219 to 69 on March 13.
		March polls found that 69 percent of the French people approved of the new law and that 61 percent disapproved of calls for civil disobedience against the law.
		In a new book, "Allah in the West," Gilles Kepel defended the French policy of 1989 that caused three schoolgirls to be excluded from a school north of Paris for wearing head scarves.
	www.migrationint.com.au /news/frankfurt/apr_1997-09mn.html (1015 words)

	ICPSR - 6583 - French Presidential Election Survey, 1988
		This survey, undertaken to facilitate the comparative study of French and United States electoral behavior, was conducted in conjunction with the French presidential election of 1988.
		Accordingly, the questionnaire closely matches the standard American National Election Study, and, where appropriate, the questions were posed in language and forms that maintained continuity with earlier studies conducted in France.
		Also included are thermometer scales relating to the parties and candidates and measures relating to party identification and strength of party identification, religion and frequency of church attendance, assessments of the performance of the incumbent, and perceptions of personal and national economic conditions.
	dataserv.libs.uga.edu /icpsr/6583/6583.html (345 words)

	Encyclopedia: Chirac (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		He was elected President of the French Republic in 1995 and 2002.
		On his third attempt to win the French presidency, Mayor Jacques Chirac of Paris finally succeeded in May 1995, narrowly beating Socialist Party challenger Lionel Jospin.
		The French president only controls foreign and military policy—and even then, allocation of funding is under the significant influence of the prime minister.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Chirac (2292 words)

	Jacques Chirac (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		He was elected President of the French Republic in 1995 and 2002 (in addition, inherently, being Co-Prince of Andorra).
		He was the first choice of fewer than one voter in five in the first-round of voting in April 2002.
		In the election of 2002 he opposed controversial right-wing extremist Jean-Marie Le Pen of the anti-immigrant National Front and won re-election by a landslide.
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/jacques_chirac (2034 words)

	TENSION GROWS AS THE FRENCH PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION APPROACHES (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Le Pen finished second with 16.86% of the vote in the first round of a crowded French presidential election of 16 candidates.
		Many French citizens were shocked by the results, as Le Pen is largely viewed as an anti-Semite and racist because of his support of "national preference" laws for housing and employment, in addition to advocating the expulsion of illegal immigrants and restricting the right to seek asylum.
		French voter particpation has been decreasing since 1988, when a little more than 80% of the population voted.
	www.baltimorechronicle.com /french_election_may02.html (370 words)

	[No title]
		In particular, any claim that monotonicity failure is a practical problem, and that the 2002 French election provides an empirical example of it, rests by necessity on data that is both unobserved and counterfactual.
		Because in simple plurality elections votes cast for trailing candidates (expected to place third or lower) are almost certainly "wasted," voters who sincerely prefer such candidates have an incentive to vote "tactically" for whichever of the two leading candidates they relatively prefer.
		It might be said that the French Presidential election has little relevance to the question of possible changes in the method of holding U. Presidential elections, because the U.S. has never experienced such an extensive field of candidates (16 names on the ballot) as the French election did in 2002.
	research.umbc.edu /~nmiller/POLI325/FRENCH.htm (2175 words)

	Diverted tautological political communication in French presidential elections: The case of Lionel Jospin in 1995
		Written before the forthcoming 2002 French presidential election, the present article examines the influence exerted by the mass media and opinion surveys in France upon the public perception of presidential candidates.
		The nature of this influence was very apparent in the 1995 presidential campaign, as the exploitation of opinion polls by the media had an impact on both the communication strategies of presidential candidates and the political ‘offer’ made to the French electorate.
		The 2002 presidential elections may however prove slightly more difficult to handle for the socialist contender, who, although clearly in a position to win the election, is now perceived as an established politician with a record to defend.
	wjfms.ncl.ac.uk /jospin.htm (4876 words)

	Presidential Elections and Market Returns
		Every four years or so, we are asked about the effects of a presidential election on stock and bond returns.
		When presidential election years are considered separately, the pattern of returns is still fairly random.
		In summary, historical data suggests that the presidential election year results do not produce any significant findings that would suggest a change in an asset allocation strategy.
	library.dfaus.com /articles/elections_returns (750 words)

	BBC News \| EUROPE \| Le Pen's election bid in doubt (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The leader of France's far-right National Front party Jean-Marie Le Pen has said he may not be able to run for the French presidential election because he does not yet have the 500 signatures required to back his candidacy.
		In previous elections, no serious candidates have had difficulty rounding up backers, but commentators say a new mood prevails among local leaders, who are expressing their broader dissatisfaction with national politics.
		In elections in 1988 and 1995, Mr Le Pen's populist anti-immigration stance won him around 15% of the vote.
	212.58.226.61 /2/low/europe/1874437.stm (424 words)

	NewsFromRussia.Com Iraqi presidential election will be held despite violence and disaster
		An exit poll conducted by the SOCIS and Social Monitoring centers indicates that Ukraine’s opposition presidential candidate Vikto Yushchenko is leading in the run-off of the country’s presidential elections More details...
		Iraqi elections sheduled to take place by January 31 may be postponed due to continued widespread violence or a coordinated boycott by Sunni Muslims, US and Iraqi officials said More details...
		The French foreign ministry has refused to give the medical records to Palestinian leaders, saying that only family members have the right to see them according to French privacy law More details...
	newsfromrussia.com /world/2004/11/22/57226.html (1646 words)

	BBC News \| EUROPE \| French snub presidential vote
		Voters have stayed away in droves from polling stations in the first round of the French presidential election, as voting draws to a close after a campaign marked by widespread apathy.
		While attention may focus now on the presidential vote, the amount of power the eventual winner comes to wield depends on the outcome of legislative elections.
		If the winning presidential candidate's party also wins the parliamentary election, the power of the president will increase at the expense of the prime minister.
	news.bbc.co.uk /hi/english/world/europe/newsid_1941000/1941757.stm (748 words)

	The 2000 U
		During the presidential campaign, Jesse Jackson, NAACP President Kweisi Mfume, legions of fl Democratic officials, the leaders of NOW and the Fund For a Feminist Majority constantly dangled the nightmare vision of Bush dumping more judges such as Clarence Thomas and William Rehnquist on the high court.
		It recalled the 1988 election campaign when Bush's father (is this a genetic disorder?) accused candidate Michael Dukakis of instigating class antagonism.
		The quadrennial presidential horserace is on, and the media establishment has unleashed its multimillion-dollar army of pundits, pollsters, powdered anchors, analysts, chart makers, gossips, make-up artists, set designers and others to drum up the drama, telling us peasants over and over again how exciting, how momentous, how democratic it all is.
	www.zmag.org /election2000.htm (2097 words)

	IRR: Issues in the French presidential elections
		In the first round of the presidential elections, 4.5 million people voted for the National Front candidate, Jean Marie Le Pen representing 15 per cent of the vote, about one point higher than Le Pen's previous best score in 1988.
		Before the first-round of the presidential election, Gaullist candidate Edouard Balladur invited Le Pen to his office on a least five occasions and there were rumours that Balladur had promised the NF influential government posts in the event of his victory.
		We must remain faithful to a policy of generous integration', he told a rally in the eastern city of Metz.In order to back Chirac's attempt to woo the FN vote, interior minister Charles Pasqua went on television promising 'a dose' of proportional representation.
	www.irr.org.uk /europebulletin/france/extreme_right_politics/1995/ak000006.html (1113 words)

	Awesome Library - Social_Studies
		Its primary purpose is to sponsor and produce debates for the United States presidential and vice presidential candidates and to undertake research and educational activities relating to the debates.
		"The conflict in Iraq is an issue in the election campaign between Bush and Massachusetts Senator John Kerry, the Democratic presidential nominee.
		Provides "The 2000 election results famously illustrated by the red and blue divisions on the election night map - delineated two very different Americas: one comprised of mainly coastal states that voted Democratic, and another, mostly in the South and Midwest, which voted Republican.
	www.awesomelibrary.org /Classroom/Social_Studies/Government/Presidential_Election_2004.html (5049 words)

	Teachable Moment - (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Unless otherwise indicated, the source for the stated positions of the presidential candidates on weapons of mass destruction is the website of the Council on Foreign Relations (http://www.cfr.org).
		It is important to note that the presidential campaign has been running for many months and candidates have made many, many speeches, some of which are not readily available.
		Democratic presidential candidates John Edwards, John Kerry and Joe Lieberman voted in favor of George Bush's congressional resolution supporting the use of force in Iraq.
	www.teachablemoment.org /high/election7.html (2413 words)

	Jacques Chirac biography .ms (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		At one point an anti-European Gaullist, he became a champion of the euro as president.
		However, he also, at other times, argued for more "social" economic policies and was elected in 1995 after a campaign where he said he would reduce the "social rift" (fracture sociale).
		Brunerie had also been candidate for the Mouvement National Républicain party at a local election.
	chirac.biography.ms (2211 words)

	Voting, Abstention, and Individual Expectations in the 1992 Presidential Election (ResearchIndex) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Abstract: This paper develops and applies to the 1992 presidential election a statistical model of voting and abstention in three--candidate elections.
		The model allows us to estimate key preference--related covariates in 1992, the extent to which abstention rates were correlated with political preferences, and the impact on abstention rates of expectations regarding the election winner.
		Throughout this paper, we contrast our results with those in Alvarez and Nagler (1995), a study of the 1992 election...
	citeseer.lcs.mit.edu /herron98voting.html (357 words)

	The Command Post - 2004 US Presidential Election - Kerry Archives
		The Washington Times reports that U.N. ambassadors from several nations are disputing assertions by Democratic presidential candidate Sen. John Kerry that he met for hours with all members of the U.N. Security Council just a week before voting in October 2002 to authorize the use of force in Iraq.
		But Florida State election law is in sharp contrast and conflicts with the Dem plan.
		Under the bill, labor unions and corporations would be prohibited from spending their treasury funds on “electioneering communications.” “Electioneering communications” are defined as radio or TV ads that refer to a clearly identified candidate or candidates and appear within 30 days of a primary or 60 days of a general election.
	www.command-post.org /2004/2_archives/cat_kerry.html (8706 words)

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