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Topic: French railway history

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	Encyclopedia: French railway history (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		French private industry did not have the strength to construct a railway industry unassisted by government.
		Unlike in countries where the construction of railways became a field for private enterprise, the state constructed the bulk of the French railway system, and magnanimously invited private companies to operate the lines under leases (of up to 99 years).
		By 1914 the French railway system had become one of the densest and most highly-developed in the world, and had reached its maximum extent of around 60,000 km (35,000 miles).
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/French-railway-history (2556 words)

	French railway history (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The main French railway system however began to be constructed after 1842 when a law was passed legalising railways.
		The French rail policy, once it was put in place was not perfect, but it certainly cannot be considered a failure, and many aspects of the French rail laws were adopted by other powers attempting to encourage rail developments.
		Unlike in most countries where the construction of railways was left to private enterprise, the French railway system was constructed almost entirely by the state, and private companies were invited to work the railways under lease[?] (of up to 99 years).
	www.city-search.org /fr/french-railway-history.html (2909 words)

	Train Capitale - The French railway show in Paris
		The greatest railway event in France in 2003 was the organization of a show in Paris, on the very famous "Champs-Elysées" Avenue.
		Among the locomotives with a glorious past, a reproduction of the famous locomotive made by Marc Seguin in France who invented the technique of the tubular boiler in 1825 and a Crampton locomotive were shown.
		A special part of the show is dedicated to the High-Speed railways in Europe and especially the TGV train in France.
	perso.wanadoo.fr /tgveurofrance.com/traincapitale/indexen.htm (332 words)

	French Signals
		The history of French railway signalling can be divided into three eras: (1) innovative variety, until 1885; (2) the unified signal code, 1885 until 1934; (3) after the Verlant reform, 1934 to present.
		The fundamentals of French signalling practice were established in the first period, and the general course of development is clear.
		French colour-light signals (signaux lumineux) are easy to understand if you know the mechanical signals, since they display the night aspects of these.
	www.du.edu /~jcalvert/railway/french.htm (5839 words)

	Railway company mergers (from history of transportation) -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		history of the methods used by humans to transport themselves and their goods, beginning with the use of other animals and incuding the development of wheeled vehicles, ships, and machine-powered vehicles.
		A merger may be accomplished by one firm purchasing the other's assets with cash or its securities or by purchasing the other's shares or stock or by issuing its stock to the other firm's stockholders in exchange...
		History is a science—a branch of knowledge that uses specific methods and tools to achieve its goals.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-64374?tocId=64374 (850 words)

	Renville County History
		Foremost among this group of men was a French half breed-named Joseph Renville, who with this group of half breeds visited the Mouse River Valley.
		He returned again several years later, and it was through this mans visits to this part of the country that Renville County later came to be known by that name.
		With such a good fight on hand and the possibility of realization of county -independence and a possible county seat fight pending, M. Hall, founder of Mohall, and erstwhile soldier of fortune, returned to Renville County in the spring of 1909.
	www.renvillecounty.org /history.htm (10263 words)

	Handbook of Texas Online: MILAM COUNTY
		Cameron, the county seat, is at the intersection of U.S. highways 77 and 190 on the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway, sixty miles northeast of Austin and 140 miles south of Dallas.
		Katherine Bradford Henderson, The Early History of Milam County (M.A. thesis, University of Texas, 1924).
		Margaret Eleanor Lengert, The History of Milam County (M.A. thesis, University of Texas, 1949).
	www.tsha.utexas.edu /handbook/online/articles/view/MM/hcm13.html (2985 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		This battle is thought to be a prerequisite for the victory in the War, although the battle itself was more a failure than a victory.
		Earlier, at the turn of the centuries Moscow was a feudal town, whereas after the 1812 it lost features of the aristhocratic town and acquired those of a bourgeois one.
		A first telegraph line was constructed in 1852, it connected two Russian capitals, and the town railway with horses ("konka") started operating in 1872.
	redsun.cs.msu.su /moscow/history.html (1084 words)

	RailServe.com: World Railway Historical Societies & Preservation
		Paananen Railways - Finnish railway history and Railway Philately
		Railways of Spain and Portugal - History of the railways of Spain and Portugal
		Railways of the Far South - History of the railways, mostly narrow gauge, in the far south of South America and in the islands of the South Atlantic
	www.railserve.com /Historical/World (4896 words)

	The Glasgow and South Western Railway - A Potted History
		The Glasgow and South Western Railway was a compactly arranged medium sized railway company which served the triangle forming the south-west of Scotland to Carlisle and Stranraer, with its headquarters at Glasgow.
		Patrick Stirling, better known for the latter part of his career (1866-1895) on the Great Northern Railway in England, became locomotive superintendent in 1853 at the age of 33, and arranged for his works and departmental headquarters to be moved from cramped premises in Glasgow to a new site at Kilmarnock.
		We have touched on a few of the aspects of railway history in the south-west of Scotland, but there are many more - coaching and goods stock, signalling, engine shed facilities, staffing and welfare and recreation.
	www.gswra.org.uk /HISTORY.htm (1520 words)

	Ludlow & Southern Railway History
		While this narrative is not intended to be a comprehensive history of the railroad, it does provide information on why it was constructed and why it eventually failed.
		Although, like those responsible for initiating the Tonopah & Tidewater Railroad that was soon to be constructed just to the north, the builders of the Ludlow & Southern may have expected their short line to survive the mines it was intended to serve, such high hopes had been dashed many times before.
		It was incorporated in July 1902, although men had started surveying the route of the proposed line earlier, in May. By the end of the year the entire roadbed had been graded, and the crossties were put in position on the ground shortly thereafter.
	www.ttrr.org /ls_text/lspb_001.html (2925 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Sioux Indians
		The name Sioux (pronounced Su) is an abbreviation of the French spelling of the name by which they were anciently known to their eastern Algonquian neighbours and enemies, viz.
		When first noticed in history, about 1650, they centered about Mille Lac and Leech Lake, toward the heads of the Mississippi, in central Minnesota, having their eastern frontier within a day's march of Lake Superior.
		In 1871, despite the protest of Red Cloud and other leading chiefs, the Northern Pacific railway was constructed along the south bank of the Yellowstone and several new posts built for its protection, and war was on again with the Teton Sioux, Cheyenne, and part of the Arapaho.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/14017a.htm (7051 words)

	Handbook of Texas Online: NACOGDOCHES COUNTY
		Haltom, The History of Nacogdoches County, Texas (Nacogdoches, 1880; rpt., Austin: Jenkins, 197-).
		Katherine W. Laquest, A Social History of the Spaniards in Nacogdoches (M.A. thesis, Baylor University, 1941).
		James G. Partin, A History of Nacogdoches and Nacogdoches County, Texas, to 1877 (M.A. thesis, University of Texas at Austin, 1967).
	www.tsha.utexas.edu /handbook/online/articles/view/NN/hcn1.html (5340 words)

	Open Directory - Recreation: Trains and Railroads: History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		History of the locomotive - The evolution of the locomotive.
		Pioneer Railroad of the Northwest - This is a history of Indiana's first railroad, the Jeffersonville, Madison and Indianapolis Railroad, later part of the Pennsylvania Railroad.
		Yosemite Valley Railroad - History of the railway which ran between Merced, California and Yosemite Valley from 1905 to 1945.
	dmoz.org /Recreation/Trains_and_Railroads/History (1342 words)

	13 Jan History. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		French writer Emile Zola's “J'accuse...!”, is printed in L'Aurore.
		Dreyfus, a French army captain, had been accused of espionage in 1894 and sentenced in a secret military court-martial to imprisonment in a South American penal colony.
		(1892) traces both the defeat of the French army by the Germans at the Battle of Sedan in 1870 and the anarchist uprising of the Paris Commune.
	www.safran-arts.com /42day/history/h4jan/h4jan13.html (9178 words)

	Congo (Brazzaville) (11/05)
		In 1924-34, the Congo-Ocean Railway (CFCO) was built at a considerable human and financial cost, opening the way for growth of the ocean port of Pointe-Noire and towns along its route.
		The Brazzaville Conference of 1944 heralded a period of major reform in French colonial policy, including the abolition of forced labor, granting of French citizenship to colonial subjects, decentralization of certain powers, and election of local advisory assemblies.
		Ending a long history of one-party Marxist rule, a specific agenda for this transition was laid out during Congo's national conference of 1991 and culminated in August 1992 with multi-party presidential elections.
	www.state.gov /r/pa/ei/bgn/2825.htm (3909 words)

	Railways Interesting Web Sites
		This site is part of the Railway Technology Current Projects Web site and contains information on a new concession, awarded for 50 years, to reopen, restore and operate the entire 914 mm rail network in the central American state of Guatemala.
		This page is designed to persuade all travelers to use the railway system as their means of transport.
		A further 1000 suppliers of railway equipment are associated members through their National Associations.
	www.worldbank.org /transport/rail/rl_webs.htm (1920 words)

	History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Prithviraj Chauhan was the flamboyant ruler of Delhi, who despite routing the Afghans in 1191, is largely remembered as the most romantic king in Indian history.
		India was then ruled by the Portuguese, the Dutch, the French and the English.
		Within a few weeks, half a million people had died in the course of the greatest migration of human beings in the world's history.
	www.anand.to /india/history.html (2240 words)

	The US50 - A guide to the fifty states (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The first recorded visitor was La Verendrye, a French explorer who reached the Missouri River from Canada in 1738 while searching for a water route to the Pacific Ocean.
		In the 1763 Treaty of Paris, all French lands drained by Hudson's Bay were given to Great Britain, including the country tributary to the Red River of the North.
		Significant immigration commenced when the westbound Northern Pacific Railway built to the Missouri River in 1872 and 1873.
	www.theus50.com /northdakota/history.shtml (1879 words)

	Elevator Museum Timeline
		French engineer Denis Papin developed the idea of using steam to pump water out of mines.
		Unlike the Miller system, the screws turned (not unlike the Otis Tuffs "Vertical Railway" patented in 1859 where the screw was in the center of the car).
		The world's first funicular railway was built at Weehawken, New Jersey to carry vehicles up a 200-foot track.
	www.theelevatormuseum.org /timeline.htm (3762 words)

	International Railway History Association (IRHA) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Later in the 1860's British railway financiers were engaged in railway construction on a large scale in Prussia, while French railway financiers contributed to railway construction within the Austrian-Hungarian Monarchy.
		It is therefore necessary to establish a European perspective of railway history which is more than the sum of several national railway histories.
		How difficult was it for foreign investors to realise their interests in light of national laws and government policy as well as the economic and cultural barriers that existed at that time.
	www.h-net.msu.edu /announce/show.cgi?ID=136621 (914 words)

	Glacier National Park Historical Overview
		In 1806, the Lewis and Clark Expedition came within 50 miles of the area that is now the park.
		The Great Northern Railway built a series of hotels and small backcountry lodges, called chalets, throughout the park.
		Several hotels and chalets, built by the Great Northern Railway in the early 1900's, house summer guests to the park.
	www.nps.gov /glac/history/overview.htm (850 words)

	EH.N: ANN: First International Conference of the International Railway History Association
		The conference will focus on the major investors who, in the 19th and beginning of the 20th centuries, first established railway shares as an act of national unity.
		We would like to discuss the role of financiers, businessmen and engineers of the railways in the time when certain well-known individuals of European capitalism appear on the scene.
		The Influence of Railway Photographs Circulation on French and Spanish Modern Painting in the 19th Century Second Half Saturday, 18.
	www.eh.net /pipermail/eh.news/2004-July/000722.html (322 words)

	The Silk Road
		He seems to have shown little interest in the history of the regions he was passing through, however, and his reports of military campaigns are full of inaccuracies, though this might be due to other additions or misinformation.
		The railway connecting Lanzhou to Urumchi has been extended to the border with Kazakhstan, where on 12th September 1990 it was finally joined to the former Soviet railway system, providing an important route to the new republics and beyond.
		This Eurasian Continental Bridge, built to rival the Trans-Siberian Railway, has been constructed from LianYunGang city in Jiangsu province (on the East China coast) to Rotterdam; the first phase of this development has already been completed, and the official opening of the railway was held on 1st December 1992.
	www.ess.uci.edu /~oliver/silk.html (8680 words)

	City Of Cupertino. History
		Cupertino owes its earliest mention in recorded history to the 1776 expedition led by the Spanish explorer, Captain Juan Bautista de Anza.
		A few of the more substantial vineyardists resorted to grafting, while many others switched to French prunes (prunes are a type of plum which dries without spoiling), peaches, apricots, cherries, plums, walnuts, and almonds.
		The college, named for the great Spanish explorer whose cartographer named the creek from which the city took its name, occupies a 112-acre site that was the location of another winery built at the turn of the last century, called Beaulieu by its owners, Charles and Ella Baldwin.
	www.cupertino.org /about_cupertino/history (1036 words)

	Wordorigins.org: Letter S (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Specifically, sabotage comes from the practice by striking French railway workers of cutting the sabot that held railroad tracks in place.
		The word appears in English in 1910 and early use specifically refers to the French railroad strikers.
		It comes from the French estale or estal which meant a pigeon that was used to entice a hawk into a net.
	www.wordorigins.org /wordors.htm (4801 words)

	Sir Robert Baden-Powell
		The names Robert Stephenson were those of his Godfather, the son of George Stephenson, the railway pioneer.
		Nevertheless, he gained second place for cavalry in open examination for the Army and was commissioned straight into the 13th Hussars, bypassing the officer training establishments, and subsequently became their Honorary Colonel for 30 years.
		Back to Boy Scouts of America History and Traditions.
	users.aol.com /randywoo/bsahis/b-p.htm (2334 words)

	Wikinfo \| SNCF
		SNCF, Société Nationale des Chemins de fer Français, is the French national railway company.
		SNCF operates almost all of France's railway system, including the TGV (Train à Grande Vitesse, literally "high-speed train").
		Images, some of which are used under the doctrine of Fair use or used with permission, may not be available.
	www.wikinfo.org /wiki.php?title=SNCF (135 words)

	Horseshoe Curve, NRHS - Norfolk Southern's History in PA
		Throughout most of its history the Pennsylvania was a prosperous railroad, losing money for the first time in 1946.
		The oldest segment of what became Conrail was the Granite Railway Co., built in 1826 to carry granite blocks for the Bunker Hill Monument in West Quincy, Massachusetts.
		Eight years before his presidency would begin, Atterbury spent time in France overseeing a part of the French railway system that was assigned to the American Army for maintenance and everyday operation.
	www.trainweb.org /horseshoecurve-nrhs/conrail.htm (4180 words)

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