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	French submarine Surcouf - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Surcouf was a French submarine ordered to be built in December 1927, launched 18 October 1929, and commissioned May 1934.
		Surcouf was designed as an "underwater cruiser," intended to seek and engage in surface combat.
		It is documented, however, that in that month, the Free French decided to send Surcouf to the Pacific theater of war, and she put in to Bermuda for resupply.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/French_submarine_Surcouf (995 words)

	Submarine aircraft carrier - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The most famous of them are the Japanese submarine I-400 and the French submarine Surcouf, although a few related attempts were made by a few other navies as well.
		The I-400 class of Japanese submarines was the largest in the world until the 1960s when the nuclear fleets were built.
		These submarines were fast, had a very long range, and carried a single Yokosuka E14Y seaplane, located in a hangar in front of the conning tower, which was launched by a catapult.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Submarine_aircraft_carrier (1257 words)

	French submarine Surcouf (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		During the first years of World War II, Surcouf was a French submarine ordered to be built in December 1927, launched 18 October 1929, and commissioned May 1934.
		On 3 July, the British carried out Operation Catapult -- concerned that the French would deliver their fleet to the Kriegsmarine when they surrendered, the Royal Navy blockaded numerous harbors in which French ships were anchored and ordered them to surrender to the British.
		The official report states that she left Bermuda on 12 February and was accidentally rammed and sunk by the American freighter Thompson Lykes near the Panama canal.
	bopedia.com /en/wikipedia/f/fr/french_submarine_surcouf.html (1016 words)

	Encyclopédie de Saint-Pierre et Miquelon
		Three years later, the French geographer Jean Alphonse described the islands of Saint-Pierre in his Islario and in 1579; the first mention of the island of Miquelon was made in Martin de Hoyarçabal’s navigational pilot.
		Nevertheless, by 1713, the treaty of Utrecht had sealed the fate of the French possessions in Newfoundland, and most of the French inhabitants of Placentia and the surrounding communities were encouraged to migrate towards Louisbourg in the new colony of l’Isle Royale (Cape Breton).
		By 1789, the excessive punishment of a respected elder inhabitant of the island by the commander of a corvette of the French Navy caused unrest in the colony.
	www.grandcolombier.com /english/history.html (2777 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/I-400 class submarine
		The I-400 class (イ-400) submarines of the Imperial Japanese Navy were the largest submarines of WW2, and the largest in the world until the development of nuclear ballistic submarines in the 1960s.
		The I-401 was scuttled in the waters off Kalaeloa in Hawaii, where the wreckage was re-discovered by the Pisces submarines deep-sea submarines of the Hawaii Undersea Research Laboratory in March 2005 at a depth of 820 meters.
		Four submarines (I-400, I-401, and the I-201 and I-203 which achieved speeds double those of American submarines) were torpedoed by the American submarine USS Cabezon on May 31, 1946.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/I-400_class_submarine (320 words)

	I-400 class submarine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Upon completion of the inspections, the submarines were scutled in the waters off Kalaeloa near Oahu in Hawaii by torpedoes from the American submarine USS Cabezon on May 31, 1946.
		The wreckage of I 401 was re-discovered by the Pisces submarines deep-sea submarines of the Hawaii Undersea Research Laboratory in March 2005 at a depth of 820 meters.
		It is sometimes suggested that the sen toku inspired the building of the large modern nuclear submarines and that the launching of aircraft from a submarine lead to the idea of launching ballistic missiles.
	www.toshare.info /en/Japanese_submarine_I-400.htm (1290 words)

	Royal Gazette (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The publication Le Sous-Marin Surcouf (The Submarine Surcouf) posits that the submarine was not rammed and sunk by the American freighter Thompson Lykes, as official reports and popular consensus have suggested, but was in fact accidentally attacked by US Air Force bombers that flew out of Bermuda in the early hours of February 19, 1942.
		The French knew that the development of their submarine fleet was a high priority after failing to counterbalance British naval power in the First World War.
		Surcouf's tanks could hold enough fuel to propel the submarine for 10,000 nautical miles, while its cargo hold had a 280-ton capacity, including a prison compartment large enough to detain 40 enemy troops.
	www.theroyalgazette.com /apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20031226/MIDOCEAN/112260008 (1068 words)

	Ahoy - Mac's Web Log-French Submarine Surcouf, the World's largest Submarine before WW2. Her mysterious ...
		This huge submarine carried twin 8 inch guns in a single turret, quite a formidible armament for a submarine, and in a hangar aft of her conning tower was an observation aircraft, a Marcel Berson-411, capable of a speed of 100 knots with a range of 400 kilometres.
		Some think that after sailing in January, the Surcouf was in the vicinity of the Panama Canal, where she was run down accidentally by the US freighter Thompson Lykes, but this ship had a tonnage not a great deal more than the French Submarine.
		But at the time, a popular theory as to the French submarine's demise was: When caught refueling a German U-Boat she was sunk by US Submarines or a Navy Blimp.
	ahoy.tk-jk.net /macslog/FrenchSubmarineSurcoufthe.html (727 words)

	Ships of the World: An Historical Encyclopedia - - Surcouf (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Attached to the 2nd Submarine Flotilla at Brest, the two-decked submarine suffered from an excess of technological innovation.
		On July 3, 1940, the submarine was seized by the Royal Navy and turned over to the Free French Navy.
		After serving on convoy duty, Surcouf was dispatched to Bermuda in June 1941, but she had to undergo extensive repairs at Portsmouth, New Hampshire, and New London, Connecticut, from July 28 until November 27.
	college.hmco.com /history/readerscomp/ships/html/sh_088700_surcouf.htm (242 words)

	Surcouf
		I forget whether we were in Pompey or Devonport, but the old battleship Paris was tied up astern of Revenge and the submarine Surcouf was tied up alongside her.
		French Admiral Gensoul in a buy for time to get his ships in shape for a fight, kept up a dialog with the British officer sent to negotiate.
		Battleships manuvered to bring their guns to bear on the French, Tampions came out of the muzzles and the guns were trained.
	groups.msn.com /Surcouf/operationcatapult1.msnw (1216 words)

	[No title]
		The game has 100 1" X 1/2" counters that represent the submarines and escorts (34 classes) from the British, Japanese, German, Italian, and United States navies (the French cruiser submarine, "Surcouf", i s also included), along with generic counters for merchants and other surface warships.
		The information for the submarines is contained on the submarine data sheets: 12, one for each class, and all in the rule booklet.
		Submarines can launch torpedoes from depths of 0, 50, or 100 (!!) feet and plot their attacks by simply writing down the number of the area under attack and the number of torpedoes fired at it on the submarine data sheet.
	members.tripod.com /~RichardHBerg/_run_deep.doc (1747 words)

	The Irony of War
		There are rumours that Surcouf had a great deal of the gold from the French Treasury in her large compartment.
		Surcouf was sent to Canada on a "goodwill tour" with the Free French Admiral Muselier in charge.
		During the pivotal Battle of Trafalgar, on October 21, 1805, as the British flagship HMS Victory locked masts with the French Redoubtable, a sniper's bullet struck Admiral Horatio Nelson in the spine.
	www.rglobal.net /user/padagge/WWII.htm (4512 words)

	All About Halifax Harbour
		French botanist Diereville arrived in 1699 to obtain plants for the royal gardens.
		Thus, the French abandoned their plans for a fortress at Chebucto, and instead commenced the construction of the great fortress at Louisburg on Cape Breton's eastern shore which would command the entrance to the St. Lawrence River and the heart of North America.
		The objective for the armada was to gather at the harbour at Chebuctoque and rendezvous with a French squadron from the West Indies under Admiral Conflans, then sail up the coast to the French fortress at Louisbourg which had been taken by a force of New Englanders.
	www.takehersailing.com /articles/Halifax_Harbour.htm (5723 words)

	Bermuda's ties with France
		A French knight, the Sieur de la Motte, was in Virginia in 1614 and attended the wedding in April that year of John Rolfe, one of the survivors in Bermuda in 1609-10 of the "Sea Venture", to Princess Pocahontas.
		The earlier disappearance of the officer was recalled and it was assumed that in 1775 he came upon the scene, while honoring his parole, as the gunpowder robbery was in progress; was mistaken for a British officer in the dark and murdered; then buried hastily on the Governor's doorstep.
		Some of the French prisoners of war held in Bermuda at that time were involved in one very brave but futile attempt to secure their freedom.
	www.bermuda-online.org /france.htm (6345 words)

	tales
		Submarine sailors don't often field shore patrol duties but a few of the crew did their turn here.
		One Brit submariner was given a guided tour of Spinax and was amazed at the many crew amenities available to us and unheard of on their boats.
		In Toulon, Spinax was moored at the French Naval base near the French Submarine Surcouf.
	www.spinax.com /seatales/phillips.htm (2413 words)

	Surcouf
		With only one engine functioning and with a jammed rudder, she limped across the English Channel and sought refuge in Talk:Portsmouth,_England.
		On 3 July, the British carried out Operation Catapult -- concerned that the French would deliver their fleet to the German Navy when they surrendered, the Royal Navy blockaded numerous harbors in which French ships were anchored and ordered them to surrender to the British.
		Disregarding the predictable ones about her being swallowed by the Bermuda Triangle, one of the most popular is that she was caught in Long Island Sound refueling a German Marlin and Mackerel or a US Coast Guard blimp.
	www.rglobal.net /users/padagge/Surcouf.htm (1022 words)

	Norwegian Merchant Fleet - Ship Forum
		The attack on U 62 on 29 July was carried out by another submarine, HMS SEALION, which fired 3 torpedoes at 2049 and 3 more at 2054 and then opened fire with her 3" gun, firing 2 rounds before U 62 submerged (Position: 58°27 N/04°24 E which is quite near AN 3175).
		The war diary of U 62 shows that she sighted a submarine at 0330/29 in Qu 2912, she avoided it by running to the west on the surface.
		At 2250 a large submarine surfaced at about 2500 meters and opened fire and U 62 dived to escape.
	www.warsailors.com /phorum/read.php?f=1&i=19693&t=19693 (588 words)

	The World at War
		Vice Admiral Emil Henri Muselier, Commander in Chief of the Free French Naval Force arrives in Halifax, Canada to inspect the submarine Surcouf and the corvettes Mimosa, Aconit and Alysse which are stationed here on escort duty.
		A spokesman for the French Embassy in Ottawa absolves Canada and speculates that the seizure of the islands has its origins in Newfoundland (at the time the island is being governed by a British appointed commission and is not part of Canada).
		The ill fated submarine is a prominently featured on a stamp issued by the St. Pierre and Miquelon post office to commemorate the 25th anniversary of the liberation in 1966.
	worldatwar.net /article/miquelon (7882 words)

	Surcouf - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Surcouf usually refers to Robert Surcouf (1773-1827), famous French corsair.
		Many ships have been named after him, the most famous being a World War II submarine (French submarine Surcouf).
		This page was last modified 08:48, 9 Jul 2004.
	www.encyclopedia-online.info /Surcouf (55 words)

	World War Two Ships: 1930 London Treaty (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The French submarine Surcouf (with two 8-inch guns) caused a stir, and there was general agreement that this type of naval development should be prevented.
		No submarine the standard displacement of which exceeds 2,000 tons (2,032 metric tons) or with a gun above 5.1 inch (130 mm) calibre shall be acquired by or constructed by or for any of the High Contracting Parties.
		Nevertheless, replacement tonnage may be laid down for cruisers and submarines that become "over-age" in 1937, 1938 and 1939, and for destroyers that become "over-age" in 1937 and 1938.
	www.ww2ships.com /documents/doc0005-london1930.shtml (5418 words)

	French Submarine Surcouf (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The story goes as follows: A Navy chief and close friend of my Uncle was friendly with the crew and often aboard the submarine during its time in New London.
		The submarine was followed and found tranfering fuel and torpedos to another vessel (unclear if it was a sub) and then sunk.
		He also mentioned hearing later, perhaps in the 1970's or 1980's of scuba divers finding the submarine far from where it was supposed to have been wrecked and that the navy refuted this claim stating that it was a different boat that had been found and delcared it off limits due to unexploded ordnance.
	www.submarinejournal.com /guest/_forum/00000070.htm (323 words)

	Submarine aircraft carriers: Murdoc Online
		Still, I've always liked the idea of a submarine carrier, no matter how unfeasible it probably is. I went rooting around MO for something I knew that I had written some time back, but finally found it in the comments section of a Hell in a Handbasket post on this subject.
		Another approach would be to build armed seaplanes that resupplied from fairly bare bones conventional submarines loaded with jet fuel and a suite of rooms for pilots between missions.
		Some of these compromises came up with the inter-war French submarine, the Surcouf, which was also intended to use submergence for stealth and carry out other operations from the surface - a different role from other submarines of the time, effectively a submersible cruiser.
	www.murdoconline.net /archives/003154.html (1962 words)

	[No title]
		My interest in Submarines goes way back to my grade school days when I discovered in history class that the US Submarine fleet during World War II, which then comprised about 2% of the US Navy, destroyed over 50% of the Imperial Japanese Navy and their Merchant Marine.
		These "Officers" build and battle 1/144th scale submarines as a tribute to the thousands of submariners, on both sides, who fought and lost their lives during combat.
		The ability of the submarine to surface, fight and to submerge out of harms way is another consideration for choosing to build these unique fighting vessels.
	www.pittelli.com /warship/encf/SubRon37.html (619 words)

	Great Wars History Trivia #2 - Civettone leads... - www.ezboard.com
		The fast, schnorkel equipped Type XXI submarine is considered the greatest submarine design of WWII as well as the first “true” submarine — rather than a surface runner that submerged occasionally.
		It is even possible that the Americans were so fed up with the Surcouf (and the Free French) that they scuttled it, and called it an accident.
		The Surcouf was just one of those ships that you were dying to see properly proven in combat.
	p090.ezboard.com /fjpspanzersfrm41.showMessage?topicID=469.topic (2272 words)

	Re: Surcouf - French submarine.
		I remember a claim that the Surcouf might have been sunk by collision or friendly fire from US escorts or aircraft, but IIRC the evidence is not conclusive.
		The Surcouf was a very complex piece of machinery, like lots of French vessels.
		Blueprints were lacking, a lot of the apparatus was jury-rigged, there were no spares, the boat had suffered a bit during the St-Pierre and Miquelon operation (rough seas), etc. > Apparently many French officers on the sub had pictures of Hitler on the > bulkheads.......
	www.usenet.com /newsgroups/soc.history.war.world-war-ii/msg03096.html (261 words)

	Japanese sub found near Hawaii - alt.games.warbirds
		Both submarines were ordered to sail to Pearl Harbor and were deliberately sunk later, partly because Russian scientists were demanding access to them.
		The submarine is from the I-400 Sensuikan Toku class of subs, the largest built before the nuclear ballistic missile submarines of the 1960s.
		361 feet long, and 3,304 tonsT his huge submarine carried twin 8 inch guns in a single turret, quite a formidible armament for a submarine, and in a hangar aft of her conning tower was an observation aircraft, a Marcel Berson-411, capable of a speed of 100 knots with a range of 400 kilometres.
	agw.bombs-away.net /showthread.php?t=42869 (1166 words)

	A Sub of a Different Caliber
		There is not a lot of rules common to submarine construction, however the rules are specific in the hull construction of surface warships.
		This submarine was built in the 1930's and classified as a "cruiser submarine".
		I bought the Surcouf as a fiberglass hull in three parts, upper and lower hull halves and the conning tower.
	www.pittelli.com /warship/encf/subcom (2444 words)

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