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Topic: French tricolor

	Encyclopedia: Flag of France (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The national flag of France is known to English speakers as the French tricolor (American English), the French tricolour (British English), or the tricolore.
		The accidental attack of French regiment between each other at the Battle of Fleurus in 1690 let to the habit of attaching a white scarf to the flags of the regiments -- white being the colour of the kings of France.
		The French National Convention adopted the modern blue-white-red flag as the national flag on February 15, 1794 (27 pluviÃ´se an.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Flag-of-France (3585 words)

	Idaeus Fons: The Tricolor Over Mars
		James L. Cambias' article "The French on Mars" (originally published in issue 7 of Transactions of the Royal Martian Geographical Society, republished in volume 2 of TRMGS from Heliograph, Inc.) is an informative description of France's colonial presence on Mars.
		The head of all French forces on Mars, General Saint-Honore is convinced of the importance of the civilizing mission of France.
		On one hand, he is humiliated at how the French have taken control of the city's economy and are attempting to impose their religion upon the populace.
	www.heliograph.com /trmgs/trmgs3/idaeus.shtml (1542 words)

	French presidential election, 2002 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The 2002 French presidential election consisted of a first round election on 21 April 2002, and a runoff election between the top two candidates (Jacques Chirac and Jean-Marie Le Pen) on 5 May 2002.
		Another unusual sights for May 1 demonstrations, French tricolor flags were commonplace.
		In the months before the election, the campaign had increasingly focused on questions of law and order, with a particular attention towards crime committed by the youth, especially the youth of foreign origin.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/French_presidential_election,_2002 (588 words)

	France
		The French National Convention adopted as national flag the three colours blue, white, red on 15 February 1794 - or more exactly, on 27 pluviôse an II in the revolutionary calendar.
		The proportions of vertical stripes on the French flag when used at sea as the civil or naval ensign or jack are 30:33:37, to give a good visual effect when flying, and therefore called optical proportions.
		The Tricolore ensign was adopted by decree dated 27 pluviôse an II (15 February 1794) and by decree dated 7 March 1848.
	flagspot.net /flags/fr.html (874 words)

	Acadia
		The Tricolour was introduced as a flag for the French in Canada, that is mostly in Quebec, in the 1840's and within 20 years became something of a national flag for the French Canadian nationalists.
		The flag, the star-spangled* tricolor, was proposed to the Convention by the priest of Saint-Louis-de-Kent (New Brunswick), Father Marcel-Francois Richard.
		Father Richard selected the French flag as the basis of the Acadian one to underline the adherence of the Acadians to the French civilization: "I wish that Acadia has a flag reminding not only that its children are French, but also that they are Acadians".
	www.fotw.net /flags/ca-acad.html (721 words)

	French flag - History of Mississippi Flags
		Prior to 1792 the notion of a French flag is itself fuzzy.
		French opposition to a war in Iraq appears to be creating a backlash against all things French in the United States.
		The blue field of the French flag had officially disappeared by royal decree of Louis XIV in 1659.
	french-flag.surferspace.com (264 words)

	French Influence
		The story of the French in St. Louis was a part of the struggle of several European powers to dominate North America during the colonial era.
		The French colonial empire was centered on the Caribbean island of Santo Domingo, with its cash crop of sugar cane.
		They were topped by the steep French hip roof adopted from Canada, had casement windows, and were sided by a porch or "galerie" adopted from New Orleans and the Caribbean, which sometimes extended to all four sides of a building.
	www.nps.gov /jeff/LewisClark2/Circa1804/Heritage/FrenchInfluence/FrenchInfluence.htm (1536 words)

	Embassy of France in the U.S. - The French Flag
		The "tricolor" (three-color) flag is an emblem of the Fifth Republic.
		It had its origins in the union, at the time of the French Revolution, of the colours of the King (white) and the City of Paris (blue and red).
		Depending on the circumstances, it may be accompanied by the European flag or the flag of another country.
	www.info-france-usa.org /atoz/flag.asp (423 words)

	The History Of The Italian Flag (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The Italian tricolor was first established during the Napoleonic Wars by French republics in northern Italy, who styled it after the French tricolor.
		This flag was adopted on January 7, 1797 and had the red at the top, the white in the middle, charged with the coat of arms, and the green at the bottom.
		The Tricolore, charged with the Savoy shield in the center, became the national flag of the Kingdom of Sardinia in 1848 and of the Kingdom of Italy in 1861.
	www.arcaini.com /ITALY/ItalianFlag/HistoryOfItalianFlag.htm (511 words)

	Newtown Advance - News - 09/01/2004 - Of all things (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		In French, right was "droite" and left was "gauche", but both the words and the political connotation translated nicely into English.
		Men wearing the French tricolor cockade in their hats, and others with the white cockade of the pro-French Democratic Republicans, had drunken street fights with the fl cockaded Federalists, Washington's party.
		The French Revolutionaries continued to chop off heads of opponents, an activity for which no party in the United States was enthusiastic.
	www.zwire.com /site/news.cfm?BRD=1686&dept_id=41281&newsid=12827064&PAG=461&rfi=9 (471 words)

	Tunisia under French Administration
		This seems consistent with French custom in their overseas possessions, though it seems also that all these flags are very seldom well documented and that sometimes at least they are "wishful thinking" or are patterns very rarely used.
		But if the territory was French, you can discover that a particular class was in use in a certain territory in a given period, but they never say on what line, and if the territory covered more than one colony (like French West Africa) they don't even indicate which colony the locos were used in.
		Thus DK Pocket Book's statement regarding the Tunisian flag saying, "during the French Administration (1881-1957) it became a sea flag, with the French tricolore in the canton" is most probably wrong, and a mix-up with Morocco as I guessed in the first place.
	flagspot.net /flags/tn-fr.html (1022 words)

	Middle East Report Online: Headscarves and the French Tricolor, by Paul Silverstein
		Resentful of the Grand Mosque's influence, in 1995 they created their own High Council of French Muslims to "assemble all democratic Muslims in defense of the principles of laïcité." Given this multiplication of institutions speaking in the name of French Muslims, the process of national Islamic organization was stillborn.
		While the CFCM was an elected body chosen by French Muslims and supported by an estimated 80 percent of mosques, Sarkozy worked to guarantee its secularist tendency, pre-assigning the first presidency to Boubakeur.
		The French state, with its alleged pro-Palestinian bent and refusal to participate in the war in Iraq, is seen as directly complicit in the violence.
	www.merip.org /mero/mero013004.html (2774 words)

	The French Flags
		Thereafter the three parties to the civil wars of 1420-36 are distinguished by the cross: white for the French, red for the English and red saltire for the Burgundians.
		A table of all regimental flags in the French Army, 1771 from the Archives Départementales des Yvelines, France.
		Meanwhile in the army, in 1794, crosses disappear and various arrangements of the tricolor come into use; Napoleon standardizes first in 1804 to a white field chape-chausse of red and blue, and in 1812 to the modern French flag.
	www.heraldica.org /topics/france/frflag.htm (1476 words)

	EDWIN'S PAGE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Even the French commanders classified this withdrawal as "a remarkable feat of arms." For his role in the defense of Crete-a-Pierrot, Louis Daure Lamartiniere is recognized as another of Haiti’s heroes.
		It was created by Dessalines, who tore the white stripe from the French tricolor, thus eliminating the symbol of the white man from the emblem.
		The remaining French forces, decimated by the struggles and disease, entrenched themselves behind a series of small fortresses outside the city of Cap Haïtien in the north.
	www.ccny.cuny.edu /humanities/jaffee/historian/1729/mathieu/histback.html (2342 words)

	FRANCE ANCIENT
		French infantry and artillery regiments of the Royal Army carried two flags: a Colonel's Color and a drapeau d'ordonnance (flag of regulation).
		French infantry and artillery colors were made of silk and measured about 1.8 meters square.
		The Bourbon Restoration of 1814-15 led to the abolition of the Tricolor and the reintroduction of white flags.
	tmg110.tripod.com /france1.htm (737 words)

	Iraq War Foe Named New French Premier
		Standing next to the French tricolor flag and a furled blue-and-yellow banner of the European Union, a subdued Chirac on Tuesday gave his third nationally televised address in a week and tried to reassure his country that he would work harder to tackle high unemployment and other domestic problems.
		Jean Francois-Poncet, a former foreign minister and leader of the French senate, said the country was sticking its collective head in the sand by failing to confront the challenges of globalization.
		Polls in France show that about two-thirds of French voters want to accelerate the political and economic unification of the continent, as long as they don't lose the generous social and welfare benefits that are acting as a drag on the national economy.
	www.washingtonpost.com /wp-dyn/content/article/2005/05/31/AR2005053100220.html (858 words)

	BU Alumni Web :: Bostonia :: Fall 2003
		In June 1994 we say ‘welcome’ to them.” The stars and stripes almost outnumbered the French tricolor along the streets of Caen, whose city council presented certificates of gratitude to the veterans of the landing in a moving ceremony.
		That winter and spring, French security and intelligence agencies worked closely with their American counterparts to wage the new war on terrorism, a scourge that had already claimed many victims in France and that the French were as intent on suppressing as were the most hawkish Washington officials.
		French sensitivity to such accusations became strikingly apparent during a visit to Boston University this year by an official dispatched by the foreign ministry to defend France’s Middle East policy before American audiences.
	www.bu.edu /alumni/bostonia/2003/fall/french (1883 words)

	Quebec Indépendantistes
		Variations on the French tricolore became the most popular choice in the second half of the XIXth century in what was now known as Quebec (since 1867).
		This refered to a flag from the French Regime that was thought as being the flag of the Canadiens volounteers (not the French Royal troops) during the last victory of the French over the British at the Battle of Carillon on July 8th, 1758.
		I've never seen the horizontal tricolor green-white-red flag with the yellow star used by the Parti Québécois and I don't think the flag illustrated is actually the one of the Parti Québécois.
	www.fotw.net /flags/ca-qcind.html (2543 words)

	TRICOLOR SALVAGE 2004
		The ‘TRICOLOR’ is a 1987 built Norwegian flagged vehicle carrier, which, in the early hours of 14 December 2002, was struck by ‘Kariba’, a 1982 built Bahamian flagged container ship in the French Exclusive Economic Zone some 20 miles north of the French coast in the English channel.
		TRICOLOR sank as a result of the impact of the striking and was eventually declared a total loss.
		In December 2002 French authorities ordered the TRICOLOR to be removed, as it was perceived to represent a danger to shipping and the environment.
	www.tricolorsalvage.com (132 words)

	Tatuz International (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The French Revolution popularized the the blue, white and red of the French tricolor flag, which became the official national flag of France in 1794.
		Though recognition of the Irish tricolor flag as the flag of Ireland dates back to the early 1800's, it wasn't until the revolution of 1916 that the tricolor came into its own.
		The Italian tricolor was styled after the French tricolor and first used during the Napoleanic Wars by French republics in northern Italy.
	www.shuffletatu.com /flags.html (769 words)

	FREE FRANCE
		He was a little-known Army officer and junior government minister at the time of the French surrender, but his radio broadcast to the French people from London on 18 June 1940 (see below) struck a spark that rekindled the spirit of the nation under the flag of Free France.
		Free French troops also fought in Italy, Free French warships served all over the world, and the 2nd Free French Armored Division participated with distinction in the Battle of Normandy.
		The plain French Tricolor was not abandoned, however; both Free France and the puppet government in Vichy continued to claim it as their own.
	tmg110.tripod.com /freefr.htm (1092 words)

	Gabon (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Instead of the current 3:4 horizontal tricolor green-yellow-blue, this pre-idependence flag had a french tricolor in the canton and narrower yellow stripe (4 green, 1 yellow, 4 blue).
		According to Eve Devereux' Identifying Flags, the french tricoulor was superimposed on the green band.
		I've also seen a version with no tricolor in an angolan newspaper of that time, a very skethy fl and white hand drawing whith color hatch indications (it could be a mistake).
	www.netlinkit.dk /fotw/flags/ga.html (814 words)

	flag of Madagascar Protectorate flags, Fahnen, Flaggen, FOTW bei Nationalflaggen.de (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The flag is a horizontal blue-white-red triband, with a red crescent facing the fly and shifted to the hoist in the white band.
		Since the Tricolor was definitively adopted as the French flag in 1830, it is highly probable that French colonists imposed a flag inspired by their national flag before the official establishment of the Protectorate.
		Another possibility could be that Madagascar had no specific relationship with the French Tricolore but shared the same colours by pure coincidence.
	www.nationalflaggen.de /flags-of-the-world/flags/mg-prot.html (331 words)

	French Flag
		On 14 July 1790, the Champ de Mars was decked with the tricolor flags to celebrate the federation and became the symbol of the nation
		The storming of the Bastille was a symbolic act and initiated the French Revolution and the downfall of the French King and the aristocracy
		A Flag of French, when in such condition that it is no longer a fitting emblem of display, should be destroyed in a dignified way, preferably by burning in private with all due care and respect
	www.flags-flags-flags.org.uk /french-flag.htm (1608 words)

	The Aerodrome Forum - The British Roundel
		The term refered to the French insignia and would have been used at the time of the war and would be known to the British who were in consultation with the French.
		By the American Revolution the cockade (the French is cocarde) was commonly worn on British/American military headwear.
		The French Army likely used cockades prior to the Revolution, but the red, white and blue cockade we associate with France today originated with the flag of the Republicans, now the French tricolor.
	www.theaerodrome.com /forum/printthread.php?t=16600&pp=40 (1266 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		In Quebec, French is the only official language; in the eight other provinces and two territories, English is the language of the overwheming majority.
		Despite French schools, newspapers, and governmental services, Acadians see their language and culture changing bit by bit to English, a process accelerated by television, home computer programs, and the rock lyrics pulsating from portable radios at every dockside cafe.
		Their forebears were the first French setters on the continent, crossing the Atlantic in 1604, wintering on the island of St. Croix, in present-day Maine, and the next year moving to Nova Scotia's fertile Annapolis Valley.
	www.lft.k12.la.us /chs/la_studies/cajun/acadpast.htm (1174 words)

	Gabon: Pre-Independence Flags (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Instead of the current 3:4 horizontal tricolor green-yellow-blue, this pre-independence flag had a French tricolor in the canton and narrower yellow stripe (4 green, 1 yellow, 4 blue).
		According to Eve Devereux' Identifying Flags, the French tricolour was superimposed on the green band.
		I've also seen a version with no tricolor in an Angolan newspaper of that time, a very sketchy fl and white hand drawing with color hatch indications (it could be a mistake).
	fotw.vexillum.com /flags/ga-hist.html (602 words)

	South Street Seaport Museum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The battle was one of many between British and French vessels during the Wars of the French Revolution and the Napoleonic Wars.
		As the French frigate entered Delaware Bay, her crew caught sight of another British merchantman, Grange, awaiting a change of wind and tide to permit her exit from the bay.
		The continued presence of the French fleet in the spring and summer of 1793 confirmed French naval superiority in American waters.
	www.southstseaport.org /magazine/articles/1997a-04.shtm (2853 words)

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