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	French Revolutionary Wars - LoveToKnow 1911
		FRENCH REVOLUTIONARY WARS (1792-1800), the general name for the first part of the series of French wars which went on continuously, except for some local and temporary cessations of hostilities, from the declaration of war against Britain in 1792 to the final overthrow of Napoleon in 1815.
		The French generals were occupied the whole of next day in sorting out their troops, who had not only completely wasted their strength against mere outposts, but had actually consumed their rations and used up their ammunition.
		On the side of the French, the Army of the Moselle (41,000 effectives) was in cordon between Saargemiind and Longwy; the Army of the Ardennes (22,000) between Beaumont and Givet; of the Army of the North, the right wing (38,000) in the area BeaumontMaubeuge and the centre (24,000) about Guise.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /French_Revolutionary_Wars (18100 words)

	French Revolutionary Wars - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The French Revolutionary Wars were wars fought between the French Revolutionary government and Austria beginning in 1792 and lasting until the Treaty of Amiens in 1802.
		The wars were of titanic proportions, mainly due to the application of modern mass conscription.
		This began the longest period of peace during the period 1792-1814, and the crowning of Napoleon as emperor (in 1804) is an appropriate point to mark the transition between the French Revolutionary Wars and the Napoleonic Wars.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/French_Revolutionary_Wars (2652 words)

	FRENCH REVOLUTIONARY WARS. The Columbia Encyclopedia: Sixth Edition. 2000 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-22)
		wars occurring in the era of the French Revolution and the beginning of the Napoleonic era, the decade of 1792–1802.
		This manifesto angered the French and contributed to the suspension of the king (Aug., 1792).
		During 1795 the French defeated the allies on all fronts, but in 1796 the new Austrian commander, Archduke Charles, took the offensive, defeating first Jourdan, then Moreau, both of whom had retreated to the Rhine by Sept., 1796.
	www.bartleby.com /aol/65/fr/FrenchReWr.html (1179 words)

	French Wars of Religion - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The French Wars of Religion were a series of conflicts fought between Catholics and Huguenots (Protestants) from the middle of the sixteenth century to the Edict of Nantes in 1598, including civil infighting as well as military operations.
		At Orléans, Francis, Duke of Guise was assassinated, and Catherine's fears that the war might drag on led her to negotiate a truce and the Edict of Amboise (1563).
		As the head of the Guise family was also a Henry, the ensuing period of the wars, 1585 — 1589, is called the "War of the Three Henries".
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/French_Wars_of_Religion (1503 words)

	HighBeam Encyclopedia - French and Indian Wars (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-22)
		FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS [French and Indian Wars] 1689-1763, the name given by American historians to the North American colonial wars between Great Britain and France in the late 17th and the 18th cent.
		The first of the wars, King William's War (1689-97), approximately corresponds to the European War of the Grand Alliance (1688-97).
		The French and Indian War: the French and Indian War provided an invaluable education for one young military leader.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/section/frenchni_thefrenchandindianwar.asp (1346 words)

	French Revolutionary Wars (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-22)
		The French Revolutionary Wars occurred between the outbreak of war between the French Revolutionary government and Austria in 1792 and the Treaty of Amiens in 1802.
		See also: French Revolutionary Wars: Campaigns of 1792 As early as 1791, the other monarchies of Europe looked with concern at the developments in France, and considered whether they should intervene, either in support of Louis XVI or to take advantage of the chaos in France.
		Although an invasion of Piedmont failed, an invasion of Spain across the Pyrenees took San Sebastian, and the French won a victory at the Battle of Fleurus and occupied all of Belgium and the Rhineland.
	french-revolutionary-wars.iqnaut.net (2559 words)

	French and Indian Wars - Facts from the Encyclopedia - Yahoo! Education (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-22)
		The first of the wars, King William's War (1689—97), approximately corresponds to the European War of the Grand Alliance (1688—97).
		The French Louis Joseph de Montcalm, one of the great commanders of his time, distinguished himself (1758) by repulsing the attack of James Abercromby on Ticonderoga.
		In the West, the hold of Sir William Johnson over the Iroquois and the activities of border troops under his general command—most spectacular, perhaps, were the exploits of the rangers under Robert Rogers—reduced French holdings and influence.
	messenger.yahooligans.com /reference/encyclopedia/entry?id=FrenchNI (1171 words)

	Text / The Complete Military History of France
		In a war whose ending foreshadows the next 2000 years of French history, France is conquered by of all things, an Italian.
		After having their way with the French for 70 years, the Norse are bribed by a French King named Charles the Simple (really!) who gave them Normandy in return for peace.
		The French consider the departure of the French from Algeria in 1962-63, after 130 years on colonialism, as a French victory and especially consider C. de Gaulle as a hero for 'leading' said victory over the unwilling French public who were very much against the departure.
	www.albinoblacksheep.com /text/france.html (1136 words)

	French & Indian Wars (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-22)
		The rich lands which lay between and to the west of the French settlements of Canada and the British colonies along the East Coast of North America were inevitably destined to become a battleground between the forces of these two European rivals.
		From 1754 to 1763, the British and French fought for this wilderness of huge potential in a conflict which, though part of the wider Seven Years War, has come to be known as the French and Indian War.
		French colonies in North America, isolated from France by British domination of the seas, were left mostly to their own meager resources to carry out the French and Indian War.
	www.geo.msu.edu /geo333/frenchindian_war.html (1178 words)

	Louis XIV
		Louis's reign was remarkable for the establishment of the French Academy and for the work of St. Francis of Sales and St. Vincent de Paul in religion, René Descartes in philosophy, and Pierre Corneille in literature.
		Its gigantic proportions (the western facade is nearly 2,000 feet wide) and the masterpieces of French artists and craftsmen were used by Louis XIV to showcase the power of the French Monarchy.
		No French Protestants were allowed to leave the country; those who openly remained Protestants were promised the right of private worship and freedom from molestation, but the promise was not kept.
	faculty.ucc.edu /egh-damerow/louis_xiv.htm (1720 words)

	The History Guy: Anglo-French Wars
		After the outbreak of the French Revolution in 1789, the conservative, monarchical powers of Europe attempted to extinguish the new French Republic and restore the Bourbon Royal Family.
		This alliance against France formed to counter French moves in Italy; formation of the Roman, Ligurian, Cisalpine and Helvetic Republics in Switzerland and Italy, and the deposition of Papal rule in Rome.
		Naples was conquered by the French in early 1799 and declared to be the new Parthenopean Republic.
	www.historyguy.com /anglo_french.html (1348 words)

	Anglo-French Wars: a chronological listing
		Wars of the French Revolution, (1792-1802)-The Wars of the French Revolution spanned a decade of great political, social and military change throughout the European continent.
		Thus, this series of wars are known as the Wars of the Coalitions.
		Throughout the rest of the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars, the Swiss were effectively under French rule with an army of occupation in place.
	www.britishbattles.homestead.com /files/europe/anglofrenchwars.htm (866 words)

	The French Revolt and Empire
		Austria was now fighting a lone war on the continent, and despite local gains she increasingly found herself faced by a new French army general of unusual ability.
		By the end of 1800, French generals Moreau, Brune and Macdonald were repeating the earlier drive east through southern Germany and so finally the Austrian government sued for peace, officially bringing the French Revolutionary Wars to a close in early 1801.
		With their strategic center breached, the Austrians were unable to prevent the French occupation of Vienna, and in December of 1805 the remaining Allied army catastrophically lost the Battle of Austerlitz to Napoleon, knocking Austria out of the wars for several years.
	www.wtj.com /articles/napsum1 (3463 words)

	Pitt and the French Wars: Domestic Policy
		It has been said that Britain's involvement in the French Wars pre-empted Pitt's days as a liberal progressive reformer and that after 1793 he was obliged to adopt the attitudes of a traditional 18th century PM because of the change in direction of the French Revolution: he had to:
		It is possible that, at heart, Pitt was a Tory purporting to be a reforming Whig and when the opportunity arose with the outbreak of the French Wars, he reverted to his basic beliefs.
		It was a total and demanding war, and Pitt could not risk domestic problems (cf Lord North's problems with the County Associations, Gordon Riots for example).
	www.historyhome.co.uk /c-eight/france/pitfrwar.htm (1087 words)

	Reformation: Religious Wars
		Thus began the French Wars of Religion which were to last for almost forty years and destroy thousands of innocent lives.
		Because of their treaty with the French, the invasion barges which were meant to transport soldiers from the Spanish galleons to the English coastline were not allowed to leave the coast of France.
		The Thirty Years War was, perhaps, the first World War fought in Europe, for nearly every state in Europe became involved in the war in some way or another.
	www.wsu.edu:8001 /~dee/REFORM/WARS.HTM (2551 words)

	French Wars of Religion
		The French Wars of Religion were fought between the Catholic League and the Huguenots from the March 1, 1562 massacre of 1,000 Hugeunots at Vassy to 1598.
		The consummation of the struggle came when the War of the Three Henrys ended with Duke Henry of Nevarre beginning the Bourbon Dynasty as Henry IV of France after he converted to Catholicism to soothe the situation.
		Although Mayenne and other members of the House of Guise had murdered, tortured and wreaked havoc on the lives of many French citizens, for the sake of the country King Henri IV bought peace with him and in January of 1596 a treaty was signed that put an end to the League.
	faculty.ucc.edu /egh-damerow/french_wars_of_religion.htm (1490 words)

	Literary Encyclopedia: French and Indian Wars : Anglo-French Conflict in North America
		Although ostensibly triggered by European affairs, the Nine Years’ War (1689-97), the War of the Spanish Succession (1701-14) and the War of the Austrian Succession (1740-8) were mirrored by imperial conflicts outside of Europe.
		It was the struggle between colonists on the Atlantic coast of North America that was eventually determined by the French and Indian War, which prefigured and paralleled the struggle in Europe called the Seven Years’ War (1756-63).
		When “King George’s War” was declared between France and Britain in 1744, however, the colonists of New England and New France were reinforced by troops from their respective mother countries.
	www.litencyc.com /php/stopics.php?rec=true&UID=446 (735 words)

	Wars of Religion
		The religious wars began with overt hostilities in 1562 and lasted until the Edict of Nantes in 1598.
		This third war was more protracted, and brought the war to the rural areas in central and southern France, spreading the suffering to the population and raising the cultural tensions between Catholics and Protestants.
		The fourth war was set off when the city of La Rochelle, the de facto capital of the Protestants, refused to pay taxes to the king because of the massacre and refused admittance to the royal governor.
	www.lepg.org /wars.htm (3850 words)

	The French Wars: 1792-1806
		For example, the period 1792-1799 can be called the Revolutionary Wars; the period 1799-1815 is sometimes known as the age of the Napoleonic Wars; the whole period 1792-1815 is that of the French Wars.
		The aim of the various coalitions was to combine European monarchies against the French Revolutionaries (that is, the Jacobin Republic) who (like the Americans before them) were influenced by ideals - in the case of the French, liberty, equality, fraternity and democracy.
		He limited the British war effort to the navy and remained happy to subsidize European armies because he was concerned with the defence of Britain and her colonies first.
	www.historyhome.co.uk /c-eight/france/pitwar.htm (1094 words)

	French Wars, 1789-1851
		There was therefore a degeneration in the art of war, rather than a 'Military Revolution', and most of the battles ended in either indecisive draws or ignominious routs.
		The popular perception is that the mid-19th century French army was dreadfully inefficient (as would be proved in 1870); but in fact it was well abreast of new ideas, new technologies and new methods of training.
		The French also used steamships and railways widely during their operations in the 1850s (ie a decade before the Americans) and, unlike the first Napoleon, they won all their wars from the invasion of Spain in 1823 to the liberation of North Italy in 1859.
	ourworld.compuserve.com /homepages/PaddyGriffith/french.htm (1344 words)

	History of THE FRENCH REVOLUTIONARY WARS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-22)
		The danger to the French king and queen is painfully evident after their interception at Varennes, and the queen, Marie Antoinette, is the sister of the Austrian emperor Leopold II.
		By the end of March 1793 the territories occupied by French troops include Belgium (part of the Austrian empire), the Rhineland (consisting of various German principalities west of the Rhine), and Savoy and Nice (territories to the southeast of France belonging to the king of Sardinia).
		But the French are arranged by Napoleon on the open terrain in solid six-deep divisional squares, and their fire-power slices with devastating effect through the wild charges of the Egyptian cavalry.
	www.historyworld.net /wrldhis/PlainTextHistories.asp?historyid=ac04 (3513 words)

	The French Indian Wars : Documentary : History of Warfare Series
		Both had colonies near the coast and major waterways of the continent, but the perceived threat to their expansion plans meant it was never going to be settled peacefully.
		The French and Indian Wars (1754-1763) began in with clashes between a few regular troops, militia and either side's Indian allies, but soon escalated into a costly and bloody little war.
		Surprisingly, the French did very well for most of the war - mainly through incompetent leadership on the part of the British - although the loss of the crucial battle for Quebec pretty much ended their hopes.
	www.napoleonguide.com /doco_frind.htm (354 words)

	USA: French and Indian Wars -3 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-22)
		Moreover, the war generated substantial resenment towards the colonists among English leaders, who were not satisfied with the financial and military help they had received from the colonists during the war.
		For the Indians of the Ohio Valley, the third major party in the French and Indian War, the British victory was disastrous.
		The Iroquois continued to contest the English for control of the Ohio Valley for another fifty years; but they were never again in a position to deal with their white rivals on terms of military or political equality.
	odur.let.rug.nl /~usa/E/7yearswar/fiw03.htm (420 words)

	French Revolutionary Wars
		French Revolutionary Wars: War with Austria - War with Austria On Apr. 20, 1792, France declared war on Austria.
		French Revolutionary Wars: The Origins of the Wars - The Origins of the Wars The French Revolution aroused the hostility of foreign monarchs, nobles,...
		Britain and the challenge of war: Graham Goodlad assesses the success of British governments in responding to the demands of war,......
	www.infoplease.com /ce6/history/A0819668.html (294 words)

	French and Indian Wars: The French and Indian War
		French and Indian Wars: The French and Indian War
		A forgotten war: in 1759, the British won the struggle for North America.(Empires at War: The French and Indian War and the Struggle......
		Empires at War: The French and Indian War and the Struggle for North America, 1754-1783.(Young adult review)(Brief......
	www.infoplease.com /ce6/history/A0858256.html (613 words)

	H-Net Review: Ronald Schechter on The French Revolutionary Wars: 1787-1802
		Blanning begins by arguing that French defeat in the Seven Years' War (1756-63) stimulated reforms in the army which are normally associated with the Revolution: the breaking up of armies into smaller, more flexible divisions; the use of columns in addition to lines; an increasing reliance on light troops; and the use of artillery.
		Blanning tells the dreadful story of war and revolution from September 1792, when thousands of suspected traitors were butchered in Parisian prisons, to August 1793, when the revolutionary Convention declared "total war" against external and internal enemies alike.
		In some places Blanning criticizes the notion that as "citizen-soldiers" French troops were equipped with a patriotic spirit or elan and a special sense of mission which enabled them to fight more courageously and more successfully than their counterparts in the allied forces.
	www.h-net.msu.edu /reviews/showrev.cgi?path=20709891902096 (2279 words)

	The French and Indian War (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-22)
		Despite all this military activity, it wasn't until 1756 that war was officially declared between the French and British.
		When the French realized they would no longer have Indian allies, and knowing their their communication with Montreal was cut off with the capture of Fort Frontenac, they quickly abandoned Fort Duquesne, destroying the fort as much as possible.
		The French also turned over their claims of New Orleans and the lands west of the Mississippi to Spain, as compensation for Spain's surrendering Florida to the British.
	www.philaprintshop.com /frchintx.html (1170 words)

	French and Napoleonic Wars, 1793-1815
		Wars of the Era of the French Revolution and Napoleon Bonaparte, 1789-1815, by Alexander Ganse (World History at KMLA)
		War and Conflict, by Anne Woodley (The Regency Collection).
		A military history of Bristol during the Revolutionary War 1793-1802, by John Penny.
	www.regiments.org /wars/19fr-nap/fr-index.htm (366 words)

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