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Topic: Frequency mixer

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	Signal-amplification frequency-conversion apparatus having a common active component - Patent 4313223
		The mixer circuit 37 is comprised of a band-rejection filter (BRF) 33, having a rejection center frequency set at the frequency of the local-oscillation output, a circulator 34, a mixer diode 35, and a BPF 36, having a pass center frequency equal to the intermediate frequency.
		In this apparatus, the frequency mixer section 203 thereof is fed at a terminal 204 with the intermediate-frequency signal and at another terminal 205 with the local-oscillation signal and the signal frequency-converted at a mixer diode 201 to the transmission-signal frequency appears at a terminal 207, passing through a circulator 202.
		As seen from the input-output characteristic A or B of the mixer diode 201 in relation to the local-oscillation signal, the local-oscillation signal is totally reflected by the mixer diode 201 to appear at the terminal 207 unchanged as long as the level of the local-oscillation signal applied is low.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4313223.html (4374 words)

	Introduction to Mixers
		A fundamental reason for frequency conversion is to allow amplification of the received signal at a frequency other than the RF, or the audio, frequency.
		Conversion compression for high level mixers is specified since it sometimes provides an indication of the mixer's two tone performance and it is likely to be important in high level operation.
		ZL is the input impedance of the mixer, and
	members.tripod.com /michaelgellis/mixersin.html (2755 words)

	Time and Frequency from A to Z
		Since accuracy is related to the offset from an ideal value, frequency accuracy is usually stated in terms of the frequency offset.
		Frequency drift may be in either direction (higher or lower frequency) and is not necessarily linear.
		Frequency mixers are commonly employed in frequency measurement systems (as shown in the graphic below), to convert a high frequency to a low frequency, and to obtain more measurement resolution.
	tf.nist.gov /general/enc-f.htm (985 words)

	51S-1 Receiver
		The input signal from the first or second mixer is fed to the grid of the third mixer and the vfo signal is injected into its cathode.
		The low-frequency input to the mixer is passed through a bandpass filter, and the output of the mixer is tuned by the turret and slug-tuned circuits.
		Frequency of oscillator operation is determined by one of sixteen crystals mounted on a wafer in the turret (see table 3-1).
	www.wa3key.com /51s1.html (2574 words)

	Mixer, high-frequency transmitting/receiving apparatus having the same, radarapparatus having the high-frequency ...
		In the mixer, at the end of a dielectric strip line are disposed a Schottky-barrier diode acting as a high-frequency detection element and a substrate for supplying a bias to the Schottky-barrier diode.
		By moving the movable part, the resonant frequency of the cavity resonator is caused to vary, whereby a change can be achieved in an impedance when the Schottky-barrier diode is viewed as from the dielectric strip line.
		In such a mixer as disclosed in JP-A 10-242766, an adjustment mechanism (corresponding to the cavity resonator and the movable part, as exemplified) for adjusting mixing characteristics and the transmission characteristics of the mixer is so formed as to extend from the high-frequency detection element arranged at the end of the high-frequency transmission line.
	www.freshpatents.com /Mixer-high-frequency-transmitting-receiving-apparatus-having-the-same-radarapparatus-having-the-high-frequency-transmitting-receiving-apparatus-and-vehicle-equipped-with-radar-apparatus-dt20060928ptan20060214842.php (1506 words)

	Transistor balanced mixer (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		A frequency mixer or converter which is applicable for use in superheterodyne radio frequency signal receivers and has good linearity characteristics as well as a low noise characteristic.
		On the other hand, the radio frequency signal components obtained at the collectors of the pair of transistors 12 and 13 have the same polarity, because each transistor 12 and 13 is supplied with the same radio frequency signal at its emitter terminal.
		The differential amplifier for generating the two phase split local frequency signal is composed of transistors 24 and 25, an emitter bias resistor 26, collector bias and load resistors 27 and 28, base bias resistors 29 and 30, a base bypass capacitor 31 and a local frequency signal coupling capacitor 32.
	www.stickebana.com /scitech/ink_jet_catcher/transistor_balanced_mixer.html (1490 words)

	History of Mixer Technology
		All of mixer technology in use today was mathematically known several hundred years ago and reduced to practice by 1935 when the DPDT vibrator modulator was used in low frequency amplifiers.
		The chopper function shifted the input signal up in frequency by a SPDT or a DPDT switching function performed by a set of mechanical switches (relay contacts) that were thrown rapidly between the two states by forming an oscillator using one set of contacts in series with the coil and a DC source.
		In the mixer area we have a case of vacuum tube versions being followed by discrete versions and yet the mixer is called by the name of the person who thought of it later than these versions.
	www.analog-rf.com /mixer.shtml (4742 words)

	Demodulating system for auxiliary channel in straight-through radio frequency repeater - Patent 4198600
		Signals having frequencies F.sub.1 and F.sub.2, extracted by the directional couplers 4a, 4b, are mixed together by the mixer 5 to produce a frequency of the sum of F.sub.1 and F.sub.2 and a frequency of the difference between F.sub.1 and F.sub.2, respectively.
		The wave of the frequency F.sub.1 received by antenna 1a has its frequency shifted to the frequency F.sub.2 by means of the frequency shifting mixer 9a, and said received wave with the shifted frequency F.sub.2 is shifted to the mixer 5 after being extracted by the branching directional coupler 4a.
		The band pass filter 6d is a low frequency band pass filter constituted by inductance and capacitance elements, the output of which is amplified by a low frequency amplifier 23 and supplied to the terminal 7.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4198600.html (4113 words)

	51J-4 Receiver
		The crystal frequencies for the first mixer injection are so chosen that the frequency produced by the first mixer will always fall in the 1.5 to 2.5 mc or 2.5 to 3.5 mc range of the variable i-f channel.
		On bands 4 through 30, the frequency of the heterodyning signal applied to this grid is such as to produce an output frequency which falls in one of the two variable i-f ranges, (2.5 to 1.5 mc or 3.5 to 2.5 mc), depending on which of the bands between 4 and 30 is being operated.
		The plate output frequency of this stage is then shown to be in the variable i-f spectrum on bands 4 through 30, and the output applied directly to the tuned variable i-f coils.
	www.wa3key.com /51j4.html (5748 words)

	Mixer 2x2 Spurious Response and IP2 Relationship - Maxim/Dallas
		This process is known as down-conversion utilizing the difference term between the mixer's RF input and local oscillator input (LO) for low-side injection (LO frequency < RF frequency) or the difference term between the mixer's LO and RF for high-side injection.
		Ideally, the mixer output signal amplitude and phase are proportional to the input signal's amplitude and phase and independent of the LO signal characteristics.
		When specifying the mixer's IP2 or 2x2 performance, it is assumed that only the fundamental RF and LO frequencies are applied to the mixer ports and that the harmonic distortion is created in the mixer alone.
	www.maxim-ic.com /an1838 (1630 words)

	High frequency mixer circuit patent invention
		A high frequency mixer circuit is used as a down converter in which an RF signal and an LO signal are mixed to generate an IF signal, or as an up converter in which an IF signal and an LO signal are mixed to generate an RF signal.
		The high frequency mixer circuit has a wiring layout wherein wiring lines for propagating LO signals intersect only one of the wiring lines for propagating RF signals or IF signals.
		Therefore, such high frequency mixer circuits have a problem in that the isolation between different signals is reduced.
	www.freshpatents.com /High-frequency-mixer-circuit-dt20060810ptan20060177077.php (1315 words)

	Analog Devices: Press Releases: Analog Devices’ High Linearity Radio Frequency Mixer Improves Wireless Transmissions ...
		During this process, flexibility in selecting the intermediate frequency and high dynamic range are important as these features ease filtering and external blockers, producing cleaner radio transmissions.
		Unlike conventional passive mixers that require a high LO drive level, the ADL5350 has an on-chip LO buffer amplifier, eliminating the need for an external LO driver.
		The ADL5350 RF mixer, which is sampling now with production quantities available in October 2005, is priced at $2.35 per unit in 1,000-piece quantities.
	www.analog.com /en/press/0,2890,3__67465,00.html (767 words)

	SM 5 BSZ - Backwards fft as frequency mixer and resampler. at 90 kHz bandwidth.
		As a consequence a sine wave becomes fairly broad in case the frequency happens to be right between two fft bins as in fig.
		If the frequency is close to a frequency bin the signal will continue from the point n-1 to point 0 (which is the same as point n) without any phase discontinuity and then the spectrum becomes very narrow as in fig.1 and in particular fig.4.
		The strong signal is close to a frequency bin so the frequency cursor, the green line, sits on the white noise floor originating in the 7MHz preamplifier.
	www.nitehawk.com /sm5bsz/linuxdsp/fftmix/fftmix.htm (1091 words)

	PNA Frequency Converter Application Known Issues
		The only thing to remember is that the CW frequency for the power sweep or the CW sweep has to be within the input frequency range of the current mixer setup configuration (for calibration to stay on).
		When a mixer setup with external LO source control is saved to an instrument state file, the LO source name is saved.
		When measuring the conversion loss of a mixer where the mixer output response is going from high frequency to low frequency (reverse direction), you will see additional ripple on the measurement.
	na.tm.agilent.com /fca/issues.html (3240 words)

	SM 5 BSZ - The complex mixer.
		When one of the signals has a fixed frequency and constant amplitude, the complex mixer will produce either the sum frequency or the difference frequency depending on which way the 90 degree phase shift of the reference frequency is made.
		The complex mixer is used in SSB generation by the phasing method and it is also used in modern digital transmitters and receivers.
		Shifting the frequency of a complex signal by use of a complex mixer in the time domain is exactly the same as shifting the frequency along the frequency axis (x-axis) in the frequency domain.
	www.nitehawk.com /sm5bsz/pcdsp/cmplmix.htm (1118 words)

	mixer - Pygame Documentation
		The mixer module must be initialized like other pygame modules, but it has some extra conditions.
		If the mixer is initialized, this returns the playback arguments it is using.
		If two arguments are passed and the mixer is in stereo mode, the first argument will be the volume of the left speaker and the second will be the volume of the right speaker.
	www.pygame.org /docs/ref/mixer.html (1819 words)

	Make A Frequency Mixer With Op Amps
		Frequency mixers are often implemented using a diode bridge or a Gilbert cell.
		Both types of mixers use a local oscillator (LO) to flip the polarity of the radio-frequency (RF) input.
		The op-amp mixer uses a square-wave LO to flip the polarity of the RF input.
	www.elecdesign.com /Articles/ArticleID/11935/11935.html (943 words)

	Consider Overall Cascaded Performance When Comparing Integrated RF Frequency Mixers to Passive Mixer Solutions - ...
		Because a mixer's linearity performance is directly related to the LO drive level, rather large LO injection signals must be generated and then routed on the PC board to the passive mixer's LO port.
		Because the integrated mixer has gain, an external IF amplifier stage is not needed to make up for the loss that's required when using a passive mixer.
		For integrated mixers with superb noise figure performance such as Maxim's MAX9993, MAX9981, and MAX9982, less RF gain is needed ahead of the mixer stage, which translates to better overall receiver linearity performance.
	www.maxim-ic.com /appnotes.cfm/appnote_number/2371 (1149 words)

	SYNTOR X Extended Frequency Modifications
		The beginning 150 MHz frequency had a VCO Steering Voltage of 3 volts which is now rising causing the VCO frequency to raise with it.
		If the VCO is locking on frequency and receiver performance is still unsatisfactory, first service the radio and check its actual receiver sensitivity, both within the radio's original bandwidth and the new frequencies that are outside of the factory bandwidth.
		The VCO microstrip trimming capacitor is used to adjust the frequency coverage of the VCO.
	www.open.org /~blenderm/syntorx/efreqx.html (9758 words)

	Mixer
		The crystal most commonly used is the point-contact crystal diode; however, recent developments in the field of solid-state microwave devices may soon replace the point-contact diode with devices that produce even less noise.
		In this application, the unwanted signals at the output of the mixer (carrier frequency, the local oscillator frequency, and sum of these two signals) are effectively eliminated by a resonant circuit tuned to the intermediate, or difference frequency.
		The types of frequency compensation networks that may be used in a video amplifier stage are discussed in detail in NEETS, Module 8, Introduction to Amplifiers.
	www.tpub.com /neets/book18/80h.htm (1215 words)

	wirelessZONE Product Review: Analog Devices ADL5350 High-Linearity RF Mixer
		The best way to describe the ADL5350 is to say that it is a passive mixer with a built-in GaAs MSFET LO buffer, allowing the mixer to be driven with a much lower level LO than a typical passive.
		Pricing is attractive compared to an active mixer solution but there are trade-offs which may or not be negative for the individual designer.
		Like parts such as the active LT5521 mixer, the ADL5350 can be dropped in for both the receive and transmit sides of the application.
	www.analogzone.com /hfp_0704.htm (867 words)

	The educational encyclopedia, RF communication and transmission lines
		RF filter design an RF filter is an electrical circuit configuration (network) designed to have specific characteristics with respect to the transmission or attenuation of various frequencies that may be applied to it
		Skin effect Skin effect is a tendency for alternating current (AC) to flow mostly near the outer surface of a solid electrical conductor, such as metal wire, at frequencies above the audio range.
		Spectrum analysis amplitude and frequency modulation modulation is the act of translating some low-frequency or base-band signal (voice, music, data) to a higher frequency, amplitude modulation, frequency modulation, phase modulation,
	www.educypedia.be /electronics/rf.htm (407 words)

	Analog Devices' High Linearity Radio Frequency Mixer Improves
		-->6/16/2005 Long Beach, CA -- Analog Devices Inc. debuted a new RF mixer that offers linearity over a broad frequency range up to 3 GHz for both up- and down-conversion applications.
		Within any wireless application, the RF mixer stage converts the signal from its original radio frequency to an IF.
		The ADL5350 operates from a 3 V to 5 V supply and consumes only 16 mA of supply current.
	www.wirelessdesignonline.com /content/news/article.asp?docid=0e1c8abd-125d-4d99-b361-1217d13169d7&VNETCOOKIE=NO (432 words)

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