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	Fresco - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Fresco from Ajanta, c 200 BCE - 600 CE fresco (plural frescoes) is a term for several related painting types.
		In painting a fresco, the surface of a plastered wall is divided into areas roughly corresponding to the contours of the figures or the landscape, generally drawn on a rough underlayer of plaster, called the arriccio.
		Boyana Church, on the outskirts of Sofia, frescoes from 1259.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Fresco (821 words)

	Fresco - MSN Encarta
		Fresco painting reached its peak in the 16th century, with the supreme achievements of Raphael in the Vatican Palace and with The Last Judgement and Genesis frescoes by Michelangelo in the Vatican's Sistine Chapel.
		Fresco painting was widely practised in Europe in the 18th century, with nobility of style replaced by elegance and illusionistic effects.
		Painting on plaster walls was also an ancient art in China; examples dating from the 5th century onwards, and depicting scenes from the life of the Buddha, survive in the Cave of the Thousand Buddhas, at Tun-huang in north-western Kansu.
	uk.encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761561634/Fresco.html (617 words)

	Painting - MSN Encarta
		Fresco painting, which reached its heights in the late Middle Ages and throughout the Renaissance, involves the application of paint to wet, or fresh (Italian fresco), plaster or to dry plaster (see Fresco).
		Oil painting, which largely supplanted the use of fresco and tempera during the Renaissance, was traditionally thought to have been developed in the late Middle Ages by the Flemish brothers Jan van Eyck and Hubert van Eyck; it is now believed to have been invented much earlier.
		In a cave painting at Lascaux, France, for example, a man is depicted among the animals, and several dark dots are included; the purpose of the design remains obscure, but shows the cave dwellers' ability to record their thoughts with images, signs, and symbols.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761575854/Painting.html (647 words)

	Fresco history Cimabue Michelangelo Masaccio Fresco painting (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		The colors in fresco must be applied during the formation of limestone crystals and depending on the skill of the mason and purity of the materials used, the "open window" for painting could be anywhere from 2 to 12 hours.
		Fresco painting does not change but rather evolve from civilization to civilization, era to era and from culture to culture reflecting changes in society, ideology/religion and major transformations in the development of cultures.
		Fresco painting appears to be attracting renewed interest and acclaim, perhaps because of the decade-long restoration of the Vatican's Sistine Chapel ceiling begun in the 1980s.
	www.palettesofvision.com /Frescoes (1502 words)

	FRESCO
		The fresco technique is based on the so-called process of carbonation, by which limestone covers a complete chemical cycle and becomes stone again, forming at its surface a hard, semi-hyaline layer, resembling marble.
		Once dried, the fresco painting is no longer affected by water or other destructive agents, imposing as one of the most durable painting techniques.
		The perennial endurance of Romanian church painting proves the depth and soundness of this artistic synthesis, but also the fact that the "painters" were cultured people, up-to-date with all the artistic innovations of their times.
	arts.iasi.roedu.net /drinceanu (892 words)

	History Fresco Paintings
		The history of fresco painting is closely related to, and a reflection of, the history of art generally.
		Fresco, meaning “fresh “ in Italian, is a form of mural painting in which earth pigments are applied directly to wet lime plaster.
		The early frescoes, painted on the limestone walls of the caves, contained remarkably expressive and realistic figures of horses, bison, bears, lions, mammoths, and rhinoceroses, which continue to fascinate researchers and art historians.
	www.italianfrescoes.com /history.asp (1311 words)

	Painting
		Fresco painting, which reached its heights in the late Middle Ages and throughout the Renaissance, involves the application of paint to wet, or fresh (Italian fresco), plaster or to dry plaster.
		Surviving Early Christian painting dates from the 3rd and 4th centuries and consists of fresco paintings in the Roman catacombs and mosaics on the walls of churches.
		Painted during the last years of his life, these studies are the result of Cézanne's attempt to render the color and volume of a mountain form seen from a distance.
	www.springstun.com /painting.htm (8052 words)

	fresco-desc.html (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		In general, the term fresco is used to identify a method of mural painting in which water-based paint is applied to plaster.
		For the true fresco method, a charcoal outline of the painting is traced onto a rough undercoat of plaster known as the arriciatto.
		Fresco secco, on the other hand, is obviously less durable as paint applied to dry plaster easily flakes or rubs off over time.
	cti.itc.virginia.edu /~jjd5t/roman-ptg/fresco-desc.html (242 words)

	What is a Fresco?
		Fresco, the Italian word for fresh, is a form of mural painting in which earth pigments are painted directly on fresh, wet, lime plaster.
		Because humid weather is ideal for fresco painting, work on the ceiling and pillars of the St. Thomas project was done only during the summer, when conditions were optimal.
		Fresco painting is not uniquely a Western convention, however; it is found around around the world on every continent.
	www.stthomas.edu /fresco/whatisa.htm (851 words)

	fresco painting (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Much like oil painting, fresco painting originated during the transition from the middle ages to the Renaissance in Europe.
		In Italian, "fresco" means fresh, which applies as this technique involves mixing pigments with freshly applied layer of plaster.
		Fresco painting can be best viewed in Italy, at the southern part of Europe, because the climate in Northern Europe is very harsh on this medium, tending to deteriorate it rapidly.
	www.urbana.k12.oh.us /699/aa/fresco_painting.htm (221 words)

	Sinopia.com \| How to paint a Fresco
		Fresco is a painting technique where colored pigments are painted directly onto a fresh, wet lime-plaster wall.
		Fresco painting allows the artist to apply pigment colors in their most pristine form.
		In fresco paintings, only alkali-fast pigments may be used, since other color will not withstand the chemical strength of slaked lime.
	www.sinopia.com /fresco.html (754 words)

	The Art of Fresco: Painting Technique
		In fresco painting it is necessary to have a well-thought-out design prepared before hand, as the medium does not permit experimentation or changes in drawing as is possible in most other ways of painting.
		This is one reason why a fresco painted directly on the wall, where it will always be seen, has a better chance for being right than does a mural painted on canvas in the artist's studio, and later glued to the wall.
		After the paintings dry it is absolutely permanent; the paint penetrates the surface of the plaster, is incorporated with it, and the two dry together, the crystalline surface of the plaster forms like a glass on the color and fixes it for all time.
	www.muralist.org /fresco/painting.html (1817 words)

	DOLPHIN FRESCO by iLia Anossov
		Frescoes were painted by the Aztec, Maya, Egyptians, Hindus, Chinese, Europeans and Modern Americans alike.
		The workshop was established in the fall of 2000 designed to teach students of various levels and is advertised as a “systematic tutorial on the technique of fresco painting” and grew to be the only year-around fresco program in the country.
		Due to his nationally recognized expertise in the art of fresco painting, iLia Anossov has been invited to the 2004 Fauxcadamy Awards in Las Vegas this summer to speak on the revitalization of the art of fresco painting and to judge the awards.
	dolphinfresco.com /ilia_anossov.html (1541 words)

	Fresco Definition & Glossary - al fresco definition, fresco glossary, terms.
		Fresco (Italian: Affresco) - Type of mural painting on plaster used throughout the world since early times, but especially known from its high development in Italy during the Renaissance; hence the use of Italian terms to describe the technique.
		Although optional in other painting mediums, Cartoon is essential when paintng in Fresco not only as the main guideline for transferring the design onto freshly laid (fresco) plaster, but also as the main tool and method of understanding and orcestrating the steps for painting of the corresponding fresco.
		However building a fresco wall directly on a brick is not advised since salts - the main enemy of plaster can collect within the brick due to faulty roof or come up from the ground - unlike the plaster brick will dry much slower if ever.
	www.fresco-techniques.com /fresco-definition.html (806 words)

	FRESCO PAINTING SOCIETY
		Fresco gained the position of an art form with exquisite decorative qualities and up to this day enlivens palaces, temples, homes, and even the symbol of American achievement and democracy, the White House.
		Fresco Foundation is founded upon the urgent need to rediscover, restore and build upon the traditions of fresco painting.
		Incorporating fresco into our daily lives, homes, office and public buildings, as well as educating in the traditions of visual art are key initiatives, as more and more people around the world believe the new renaissance of fresco has begun.
	frescosociety.org (587 words)

	Notebook
		Examples of the fresco technique survive from the Minoan period [1700 B.C.], the Pompeian period [100 B.C. to A. 79], and, of course, from the Renaissance.
		The variety of effects possible in fresco is easily demonstrated by a comparison of the Mantegna frescoes in the Camera degli Sposi in Mantua, the Pompeian frescoes of putti in the house of the Vettii, Goya's frescoes in the dome of the church of San Antonio de la Florida, and the murals of Orozco.
		First, the fresco palette is limited to those colors that are not affected by the strong alkaline action of the lime in the plaster.
	www.noteaccess.com /MATERIALS/Fresco.htm (1347 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for fresco (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		fresco FRESCO [fresco] [Italfresh], in its pure form the art of painting upon damp, fresh, lime plaster.
		In Renaissance Italy it was called buon fresco to distinguish it from fresco secco, which was executed upon dry plaster with pigments having a glue or casein base.
		When used in mural painting it is also known as fresco secco (dry fresco) to distinguish it from the buon fresco (true fresco) applied to damp walls.
	www.encyclopedia.com /articles/04756.html (590 words)

	Fresco-secco - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Fresco-secco is a painting technique in which watercolors are applied to dry plaster that has been moistened to simulate fresh plaster.
		In true fresco painting (buon fresco), the plaster is still fresh and has not dried when the watercolors are introduced.
		Because the pigments do not become part of the wall, as in buon fresco, fresco-secco paintings are less durable.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Fresco-secco (103 words)

	Ancient Fresco Painting - History for Kids!
		Fresco is the Italian word for "fresh", and that's because fresco painting is done on fresh, wet plaster walls.
		By the time of the Han Dynasty (100 BC), people were doing frescoes in China, and there are famous frescoes from Ajanta, India, dating to about 500 AD in the Guptan period.
		The Art of Fresco Painting in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance, by Mary P. Merrifield (2004).
	www.historyforkids.org /learn/arts/fresco.htm (312 words)

	Fresco Painting - The Art of Buon Fresco Painting... - fresco painting classes and workshops, The Faux Finish School, ...
		Painting done on freshly laid wet plaster with pigments dissolved in lime water.
		Known as true fresco, this technique was most popular from the late thirteenth to the mid-sixteenth centuries.
		In true fresco the artist must start applying his colors on the wet (or fresco) intonaco as soon as it has been prepared and laid on the wall.
	www.fauxfinish.com /FauxFinish/faux-fresco.htm (979 words)

	Fresco Lime Putty (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Fresco may be the earliest form of painting used by humans.
		The earliest “fresco's” were cave faux paintings, where the dissolved lime of the cave walls crystallized over the pigment, forming a binder that permanently adhered the paint to the wall.
		The principle behind Fresco is basically the same as that utilized by our ancient ancestors who painted on cave walls, but aged calcium hydroxide fresco putty is the material on which the painter works.
	www.marmorinovenetianplasters.com /frescolimeputty.htm (643 words)

	The Art & Nature of Fresco Painting by Lucia Wiley
		Fresco is the most beautiful and enduring of all the plastic arts.
		Over the years while the fresco feeds the hearts and souls of those fortunate enough to abide under its splendor, the chemical process of carbonization continues within the wall, continually increasing the visual unity and luminosity of the work.
		I believe fresco is the most universal, simplest, the most direct, the most natural expression of the artist.
	www.muralist.org /fresco/index.html (308 words)

	Reading Images - Fresco Technique
		The "true fresco" technique consists of painting on a wet plaster surface (usually a wall or ceiling), using pigments mixed with limewater.
		The paint forms a chemical bond with the plaster as it dries, resulting in a highly durable painted surface.
		The fresco's design was still placed on the wall, but it was transferred there from the cartoon (either by tracing it with a stylus, which pressed the lines into the soft plaster, or by pricking the lines with holes and pouncing them with charcoal dust to leave a dotted-line impression on the wall).
	www.roanoke.edu /Staff/long/ReadingImages/ReadingTech.htm (296 words)

	Fresco Wall Art
		A fresco is painted on fresh (fresco) plaster made of slaked lime and sieved siliceous river sand plus pigments diluted with plain water.
		When the plaster behind the fresco deteriorates the fresco needs to be removed from the wall, the plaster must be fixed and then the fresco must be glued back to the original wall.
		The only difference is that after we remove the fresco, instead of gluing it back to the wall we glue it to a canvas frame it and sell it as a panel painting.
	www.italianfrescoes.com /aboutus.asp (626 words)

	Fresco painting set
		Leonardo began painting it on plaster that already was dry, which is why it has been deteriorating slowly, steadily and perhaps irreversibly ever since.
		In a true fresco, the paint becomes part of the plaster itself and will last as long as the wall does.
		Demolli says most artists avoid frescos because they are a lot of work and require at least two people.
	www.demolliart.com /news/fresco.htm (523 words)

	Types of Painting: ART H340, Painting: Ralph Larmann: Harlaxton College of the University of Evansville (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		fresco secco is the process of painting a water and pigment solution on a dry lime-plastered wall.
		The Flemish and Dutch painters were the first to introduce oil painting (said to be invented by Jan Van Eyck) because oil was a by-product of the textile industry that flourished from the 15th Century on.
		This painting by Ralph Larmann uses acrylic glazes in the painting process.
	faculty.evansville.edu /rl29/h340/f05/paintingtypes.html (467 words)

	Fresco Painting - Falai
		Fresco painting is a class where the fascinating and time-proven process of painting on fresh plaster is taught.
		Project: A minimum of three frescos including the underlying preparatory strappo layer (dimensions 30x40 cm or 38x38 cm).
		Continuation and finishing of the fresco on brick.
	www.saci-florence.org /academics/faculty/Syllabi/Spring/Fresco.htm (243 words)

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